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Millatina NRN, Calle JLP, Barea-Sepúlveda M, Setyaningsih W, Palma M. Detection and quantification of cocoa powder adulteration using Vis-NIR spectroscopy with chemometrics approach. Food Chem 2024; 449:139212. [PMID: 38583399 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.139212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/31/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
The rising demand for cocoa powder has resulted in an upsurge in market prices, leading to the emergence of adulteration practices aimed at achieving economic benefits. This study aimed to detect and quantify cocoa powder adulteration using visible and near-infrared spectroscopy (Vis-NIRS). The adulterants used in this study were powdered carob, cocoa shell, foxtail millet, soybean, and whole wheat. The NIRS data could not be resolved using Savitzky-Golay smoothing. Nevertheless, the application of a random forest and support vector machine successfully classified the samples with 100% accuracy. Quantification of adulteration using partial least squares (PLS), Lasso, Ridge, elastic Net, and RF regressions provided R2 higher than 0.96 and root mean square error <2.6. Coupling PLS with the Boruta algorithm produced the most reliable regression model (R2 = 1, RMSE = 0.0000). Finally, an online application was prepared to facilitate the determination of adulterants in the cocoa powder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nela Rifda Nur Millatina
- Department of Food and Agricultural Product Technology, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Jalan Flora, Bulaksumur, 55281 Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - José Luis Pérez Calle
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, IVAGRO, University of Cadiz, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario (CeiA3), Campus del Rio San Pedro, 11510, Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Marta Barea-Sepúlveda
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, IVAGRO, University of Cadiz, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario (CeiA3), Campus del Rio San Pedro, 11510, Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Widiastuti Setyaningsih
- Department of Food and Agricultural Product Technology, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Jalan Flora, Bulaksumur, 55281 Yogyakarta, Indonesia..
| | - Miguel Palma
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, IVAGRO, University of Cadiz, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario (CeiA3), Campus del Rio San Pedro, 11510, Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain
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2
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Vinothkanna A, Dar OI, Liu Z, Jia AQ. Advanced detection tools in food fraud: A systematic review for holistic and rational detection method based on research and patents. Food Chem 2024; 446:138893. [PMID: 38432137 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.138893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Modern food chain supply management necessitates the dire need for mitigating food fraud and adulterations. This holistic review addresses different advanced detection technologies coupled with chemometrics to identify various types of adulterated foods. The data on research, patent and systematic review analyses (2018-2023) revealed both destructive and non-destructive methods to demarcate a rational approach for food fraud detection in various countries. These intricate hygiene standards and AI-based technology are also summarized for further prospective research. Chemometrics or AI-based techniques for extensive food fraud detection are demanded. A systematic assessment reveals that various methods to detect food fraud involving multiple substances need to be simple, expeditious, precise, cost-effective, eco-friendly and non-intrusive. The scrutiny resulted in 39 relevant experimental data sets answering key questions. However, additional research is necessitated for an affirmative conclusion in food fraud detection system with modern AI and machine learning approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annadurai Vinothkanna
- School of Life and Health Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; Hainan General Hospital, Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou 570311, China.
| | - Owias Iqbal Dar
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Zhu Liu
- School of Life and Health Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China.
| | - Ai-Qun Jia
- Hainan General Hospital, Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou 570311, China.
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3
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Li Y, Chen B, Ye S, Wu Q, Zhu L, Ding Y. Discrimination of untreated and sodium sulphite treated bean sprouts by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and chemometrics. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2024; 41:587-600. [PMID: 38648105 DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2024.2341104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Sprouts of black beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), soybeans (Glycine max L.) and mung beans (Vigna radiata L.) are widely consumed foods containing abundant nutrients with biological activities. They are commonly treated with sulphites for the preservation and extension of shelf-life. However, our previous investigation found that immersing the bean sprouts in sulphite might convert the active components into sulphur-containing derivatives, which can affect both the quality and safety of the sprouts. This study explores the use of FTIR in conjunction with chemometric techniques to differentiate between non-immersed (NI) and sodium sulphite immersed (SI) black bean, soybean and mung bean sprouts. A total of 168 batches of raw spectra were obtained from NI and SI-bean sprouts using FTIR spectroscopy. Four pre-processing techniques, three modelling assessment techniques and four model evaluation indices were examined for differences in performance. The results show that the multiplicative scatter correction is the most effective pre-processing method. Among the models, the accuracy rate of the three models was as follows: radial basis function neural network (95%) > convolutional neural network (91%) > random forest (82%). The overall findings indicate that FTIR spectroscopy, in conjunction with appropriate chemometric approaches, has a high potential for rapidly determining the difference between NI and SI-bean sprouts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaxin Li
- SKL of Marine Food Processing & Safety Control, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, China
| | - Baoguo Chen
- SKL of Marine Food Processing & Safety Control, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, China
| | - Shuhong Ye
- SKL of Marine Food Processing & Safety Control, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, China
| | - Qi Wu
- China National Institute of Standardization, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Zhu
- SKL of Marine Food Processing & Safety Control, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, China
| | - Yan Ding
- SKL of Marine Food Processing & Safety Control, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, China
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4
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Yin ZB, Liu FY, Geng H, Xi YJ, Zeng DB, Si CJ, Shi MD. A high-precision jujube disease spot detection based on SSD during the sorting process. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0296314. [PMID: 38180957 PMCID: PMC10769016 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0296314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024] Open
Abstract
The development of automated grading equipment requires achieving high throughput and precise detection of disease spots on jujubes. However, the current algorithms are inadequate in accomplishing these objectives due to their high density, varying sizes and shapes, and limited location information regarding disease spots on jujubes. This paper proposes a method called JujubeSSD, to boost the precision of identifying disease spots in jujubes based on a single shot multi-box detector (SSD) network. In this study, a diverse dataset comprising disease spots of varied sizes and shapes, varying densities, and multiple location details on jujubes was created through artificial collection and data augmentation. The parameter information obtained from transfer learning into the backbone feature extraction network of the SSD model, which reduced the time of spot detection to 0.14 s. To enhance the learning of target detail features and improve the recognition of weak information, the traditional convolution layer was replaced with deformable convolutional networks (DCNs). Furthermore, to address the challenge of varying sizes and shapes of disease spot regions on jujubes, the path aggregation feature pyramid network (PAFPN) and balanced feature pyramid (BFP) were integrated into the SSD network. Experimental results demonstrate that the mean average precision at the IoU (intersection over union) threshold of 0.5 (mAP@0.5) of JujubeSSD reached 97.1%, representing an improvement of approximately 6.35% compared to the original algorithm. When compared to existing algorithms, such as YOLOv5 and Faster R-CNN, the improvements in mAP@0.5 were 16.84% and 8.61%, respectively. Therefore, the proposed method for detecting jujube disease spot achieves superior performance in jujube surface disease detection and meets the requirements for practical application in agricultural production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Ben Yin
- College of Information Engineering, Tarim University, Alaer, 843300, China
| | - Fu-Yong Liu
- College of Information Science and Engineering, Xinjiang University of Science & Technology, Korla, 841000, China
| | - Hui Geng
- College of Information Engineering, Tarim University, Alaer, 843300, China
| | - Ya-Jun Xi
- Tarim University Library, Tarim University, Alaer, 843300, China
| | - De-Bin Zeng
- College of Information Engineering, Tarim University, Alaer, 843300, China
| | - Chun-Jing Si
- College of Information Engineering, Tarim University, Alaer, 843300, China
- Key Laboratory of Tarim Oasis Agriculture (Tarim University), Ministry of Education, Alaer, 843300, China
| | - Ming-Deng Shi
- College of Information Engineering, Tarim University, Alaer, 843300, China
- Key Laboratory of Tarim Oasis Agriculture (Tarim University), Ministry of Education, Alaer, 843300, China
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5
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Spoor E, Rädle M, Repke JU. Raman Spectroscopy of Glass Beads in Ammonium Nitrate Solution and Compensation of Signal Losses. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 24:314. [PMID: 38257407 PMCID: PMC10819147 DOI: 10.3390/s24020314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
In the present study, the influence of disperse systems on Raman scattering was investigated. How an increasing particle concentration weakens the quantitative signal of the Raman spectrum is shown. Furthermore, the change in the position of the optimal measurement point in the fluid was considered in detail. Additional transmission measurements can be used to derive a simple and robust correction method that allows the actual concentration of the continuous phase to be determined with a standard deviation of 2.6%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik Spoor
- Center for Mass Spectrometry and Optical Spectroscopy (CeMOS), Mannheim University of Applied Sciences, Paul-Wittsack-Str. 10, 68163 Mannheim, Germany;
| | - Matthias Rädle
- Center for Mass Spectrometry and Optical Spectroscopy (CeMOS), Mannheim University of Applied Sciences, Paul-Wittsack-Str. 10, 68163 Mannheim, Germany;
| | - Jens-Uwe Repke
- Process Dynamics and Operations Group, Technische Universität Berlin, Straße des 17. Juni 135, 10623 Berlin, Germany;
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Diep Trinh TN, Trinh KTL, Lee NY. Microfluidic advances in food safety control. Food Res Int 2024; 176:113799. [PMID: 38163712 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.113799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Food contamination is a global concern, particularly in developing countries. Two main types of food contaminants-chemical and biological-are common problems that threaten human health. Therefore, rapid and accurate detection methods are required to address the threat of food contamination. Conventional methods employed to detect these two types of food contaminants have several limitations, including high costs and long analysis time. Alternatively, microfluidic technology, which allows for simple, rapid, and on-site testing, can enable us to control food safety in a timely, cost-effective, simple, and accurate manner. This review summarizes advances in microfluidic approaches to detect contaminants in food. Different detection methods have been applied to microfluidic platforms to identify two main types of contaminants: chemical and biological. For chemical contaminant control, the application of microfluidic approaches for detecting heavy metals, pesticides, antibiotic residues, and other contaminants in food samples is reviewed. Different methods including enzymatic, chemical-based, immunoassay-based, molecular-based, and electrochemical methods for chemical contaminant detection are discussed based on their working principle, the integration in microfluidic platforms, advantages, and limitations. Microfluidic approaches for foodborne pathogen detection, from sample preparation to final detection, are reviewed to identify foodborne pathogens. Common methods for foodborne pathogens screening, namely immunoassay, nucleic acid amplification methods, and other methods are listed and discussed; highlighted examples of recent studies are also reviewed. Challenges and future trends that could be employed in microfluidic design and fabrication process to address the existing limitations for food safety control are also covered. Microfluidic technology is a promising tool for food safety control with high efficiency and applicability. Miniaturization, portability, low cost, and samples and reagents saving make microfluidic devices an ideal choice for on-site detection, especially in low-resource areas. Despite many advantages of microfluidic technology, the wide manufacturing of microfluidic devices still demands intensive studies to be conducted for user-friendly and accurate food safety control. Introduction of recent advances of microfluidic devices will build a comprehensive understanding of the technology and offer comparative analysis for future studies and on-site application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thi Ngoc Diep Trinh
- Department of Materials Science, School of Applied Chemistry, Tra Vinh University, Viet Nam
| | - Kieu The Loan Trinh
- BioNano Applications Research Center, Gachon University, 1342 Seongnam-daero, Sujeong-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do 13120, Republic of Korea
| | - Nae Yoon Lee
- Department of BioNano Technology, Gachon University, 1342 Seongnam-daero, Sujeong-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do 13120, Republic of Korea.
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7
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Kusumiyati K, Putri IE. Comparison of color spectrophotometer and Vis/NIR spectroscopy on assessing natural pigments of cucumber applied with different ethephon concentrations. Heliyon 2023; 9:e22564. [PMID: 38125485 PMCID: PMC10730989 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e22564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2023] [Revised: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent decades, the development of non-destructive measurement methods for agricultural commodities has gained a lot of attention among scientists, but these techniques have different levels of accuracy for each instrument used. Therefore, this study aimed to compare the prediction accuracy of natural pigments, such as Total Carotenoid Content (TCC) and Total Flavonoid Content (TFC) using a color spectrophotometer and Visible/Near-Infrared (Vis/NIR) spectroscopy (381-1065 nm). The effect of ethephon concentration on the spectral characteristics and the accuracy of predicting pigments was studied. The samples used include cucumber fruit, which consisted of the 'Mars', 'Vanesa', and 'Roberto' varieties. During the planting of the fruit, ethephon was applied at different concentrations of 0 ppm, 150 ppm, and 300 ppm. The results showed that the best accuracy for predicting TCC was obtained through a color spectrophotometer (Rcal = 0.89, Rpred = 0.90, RPD = 2.44), while the best prediction for TFC was the Vis/NIR spectroscopy (Rcal = 0.86, Rpred = 0.83, RPD = 1.78). Furthermore, the ethephon affects the spectral characteristics of cucumber fruit. Ethephon concentration of 150 ppm produced the highest accuracy value compared to others. This study proved that the use of non-destructive measurement methods with a color spectrophotometer and Vis/NIR spectroscopy has good performance in predicting TCC and TFC. The techniques are also easy to use, do not require chemicals, and have high accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kusumiyati Kusumiyati
- Master Program of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia
- Laboratory of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia
| | - Ine Elisa Putri
- Master Program of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia
- Laboratory of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia
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8
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Liu X, Zhao K, Miao X, Zhan H. Potential of ultraviolet laser pulse-induced current for characterizing the grain size of table sugar. Heliyon 2023; 9:e21195. [PMID: 37954347 PMCID: PMC10632695 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e21195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
In this work, we proposed a laser-induced current (LIC) method to investigate the grain-size dependence of the plasma of table sugar induced by a nanosecond (ns) pulsed ultraviolet laser in the size range of <180 μm->550 μm and achieve the lower power consumption in measurement. Under multiple laser irradiations and an external electric field (Vb) of 200 V, the LIC variation's (ΔIp) standard deviation and variance were 0.53 nA and 0.05 nA, respectively, indicating the relatively small systematic error during the testing process. The Vb causes a decrease in the possibility of electron-ion complexation and accelerates the separation, resulting in an increase in ΔIp with Vb. With increasing grain size (diameter D) of table sugar, ΔI demonstrate a valley-like behaviour and 250-380 μm is the critical range Dc where ΔI is very weak and considerably depends on the Vb with the slope of 0.031 nA/V. At D > 550 μm and Vb = 5 V, ΔI intensities monotonically rise by 30 % when D surpasses Dc. In this instance, the energy was the main contributor to the LIC signal during plasma generation and expansion. While D is less than Dc, ΔIp increases by 27 % at D ≤ 180 μm and Vb = 5 V. The yield stress is the main reason for the formation of plasma with high temperature and density in this situation because the sugar behaves like an elastic solid. The reason for such a LIC variation trend was discussed, which can be explained by considering the morphological, thermal and mechanical properties competing with each other. The present result suggests that the LIC method enables non-contact characterisation of sugar particle size at low-power consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuecong Liu
- College of Information Science and Engineering, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Optical Detection Technology for Oil and Gas, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China
- Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Terahertz Spectroscopy and Photoelectric Detection, Petroleum and Chemical Industry Federation, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China
| | - Kun Zhao
- College of New Energy and Materials, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Optical Detection Technology for Oil and Gas, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China
- Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Terahertz Spectroscopy and Photoelectric Detection, Petroleum and Chemical Industry Federation, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China
| | - Xinyang Miao
- College of New Energy and Materials, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Optical Detection Technology for Oil and Gas, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China
- Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Terahertz Spectroscopy and Photoelectric Detection, Petroleum and Chemical Industry Federation, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China
| | - Honglei Zhan
- College of New Energy and Materials, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Optical Detection Technology for Oil and Gas, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China
- Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Terahertz Spectroscopy and Photoelectric Detection, Petroleum and Chemical Industry Federation, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China
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Liu L, Zareef M, Wang Z, Li H, Chen Q, Ouyang Q. Monitoring chlorophyll changes during Tencha processing using portable near-infrared spectroscopy. Food Chem 2023; 412:135505. [PMID: 36716622 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.135505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Monitoring chlorophyll during Tencha (the raw ingredient for matcha) processing is critical for determining the matcha's color and quality. The purpose of this study is to explore the mechanism of chlorophyll changes during Tencha processing and evaluate the viability of predicting its content by a portable near-infrared (NIR) spectrometer. The Tencha samples' spectral data were first preprocessed using various preprocessing techniques. Subsequently, iteratively variable subset optimization (IVSO), bootstrapping soft shrinkage (BOSS), and competitive adaptive reweighted sampling (CARS) were used to optimize and build partial least square (PLS) models. The CARS-PLS models achieved the best predictive accuracy, with correlation coefficients of prediction (Rp) = 0.9204 for chlorophyll a, Rp = 0.9282 for chlorophyll b, and Rp = 0.9385 for total chlorophyll. These findings suggest that NIR spectroscopy could be used as a surrogate for immediate quantification and monitoring of chlorophyll during Tencha processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihua Liu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, PR China
| | - Muhammad Zareef
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, PR China
| | - Zhen Wang
- National Research and Development Center for Matcha Processing Technology, Jiangsu Xinpin Tea Co., Ltd, Changzhou, 213254, PR China; Tea Industry Research Institute, Changzhou Academy of Modern Agricultural Sciences, Changzhou, 213254, PR China
| | - Haoquan Li
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, PR China
| | - Quansheng Chen
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, PR China.
| | - Qin Ouyang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, PR China.
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10
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Hyperspectral imaging combined with convolutional neural network for accurately detecting adulteration in Atlantic salmon. Food Control 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2022.109573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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11
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Masithoh RE, Reza Pahlawan MF, Surya Saputri DA, Rakhmat Abadi F. Visible-Near-Infrared Spectroscopy and Chemometrics for Authentication Detection of Organic Soybean Flour. PERTANIKA JOURNAL OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2023. [DOI: 10.47836/pjst.31.2.03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
Organic and non-organic soybean flours, although visually indifferent, have a significant difference in price and nutrition content. Therefore, the accurate authentication detection of organic soybean flour is necessary. Visible-near-infrared (Vis-NIR) spectroscopy coupled with chemometric methods is a non-destructive technique applied to detect authentic or adulterated organic soybean flour. The spectra of organic, adulterated organic, and non-organic soybean flours were captured using a Vis-NIR spectrometer at 350–1000 nm. The spectra were analyzed using partial least squares (PLS), principal component analysis (PCA), and the combination of these two with discriminant analysis (DA). The results showed that PCA using PC1 and PC2 could differentiate organic and non-organic soybean flours, whereas PC1 and PC4 can detect pure and adulterated organic soybean flours. The PCA–linear DA models showed 98.5% accuracy (Acc) for predicting pure organic and adulterated soybean flours and 100% Acc for predicting organic and non-organic flours. Moreover, PLS regression models resulted in a high R² of >95% for predicting organic and non-organic flours and pure and adulterated soybean flours. In addition, the PLS-DA models can differentiate organic from non-organic soybean flour and distinguish pure and adulterated soybean flours with 100% Acc and reliability.
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12
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He M, Chen X, Zhang J, Li J, Zhao D, Huang Y, Huo D, Luo X, Hou C. Identification of liquors from the same brand based on ultraviolet, near-infrared and fluorescence spectroscopy combined with chemometrics. Food Chem 2023; 400:134064. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.134064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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13
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Grassi S, Tarapoulouzi M, D’Alessandro A, Agriopoulou S, Strani L, Varzakas T. How Chemometrics Can Fight Milk Adulteration. Foods 2022; 12:foods12010139. [PMID: 36613355 PMCID: PMC9819000 DOI: 10.3390/foods12010139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2022] [Revised: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Adulteration and fraud are amongst the wrong practices followed nowadays due to the attitude of some people to gain more money or their tendency to mislead consumers. Obviously, the industry follows stringent controls and methodologies in order to protect consumers as well as the origin of the food products, and investment in these technologies is highly critical. In this context, chemometric techniques proved to be very efficient in detecting and even quantifying the number of substances used as adulterants. The extraction of relevant information from different kinds of data is a crucial feature to achieve this aim. However, these techniques are not always used properly. In fact, training is important along with investment in these technologies in order to cope effectively and not only reduce fraud but also advertise the geographical origin of the various food and drink products. The aim of this paper is to present an overview of the different chemometric techniques (from clustering to classification and regression applied to several analytical data) along with spectroscopy, chromatography, electrochemical sensors, and other on-site detection devices in the battle against milk adulteration. Moreover, the steps which should be followed to develop a chemometric model to face adulteration issues are carefully presented with the required critical discussion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Grassi
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria, 2, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Maria Tarapoulouzi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Cyprus, P.O. Box 20537, Nicosia CY-1678, Cyprus
| | - Alessandro D’Alessandro
- Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 103, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Sofia Agriopoulou
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of the Peloponnese, Antikalamos, 24100 Kalamata, Greece
| | - Lorenzo Strani
- Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 103, 41125 Modena, Italy
- Correspondence: (L.S.); (T.V.)
| | - Theodoros Varzakas
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of the Peloponnese, Antikalamos, 24100 Kalamata, Greece
- Correspondence: (L.S.); (T.V.)
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14
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Li C, Wang Y. Non-Targeted Analytical Technology in Herbal Medicines: Applications, Challenges, and Perspectives. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2022:1-20. [PMID: 36409298 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2022.2148204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Herbal medicines (HMs) have been utilized to prevent and treat human ailments for thousands of years. Especially, HMs have recently played a crucial role in the treatment of COVID-19 in China. However, HMs are susceptible to various factors during harvesting, processing, and marketing, affecting their clinical efficacy. Therefore, it is necessary to conclude a rapid and effective method to study HMs so that they can be used in the clinical setting with maximum medicinal value. Non-targeted analytical technology is a reliable analytical method for studying HMs because of its unique advantages in analyzing unknown components. Based on the extensive literature, the paper summarizes the benefits, limitations, and applicability of non-targeted analytical technology. Moreover, the article describes the application of non-targeted analytical technology in HMs from four aspects: structure analysis, authentication, real-time monitoring, and quality assessment. Finally, the review has prospected the development trend and challenges of non-targeted analytical technology. It can assist HMs industry researchers and engineers select non-targeted analytical technology to analyze HMs' quality and authenticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoping Li
- Medicinal Plants Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, China
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Yuanzhong Wang
- Medicinal Plants Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, China
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A geographical traceability method for Lanmaoa asiatica mushrooms from 20 township-level geographical origins by near infrared spectroscopy and ResNet image analysis techniques. ECOL INFORM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoinf.2022.101808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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16
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Tan B, You W, Tian S, Xiao T, Wang M, Zheng B, Luo L. Soil Nitrogen Content Detection Based on Near-Infrared Spectroscopy. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 22:s22208013. [PMID: 36298363 PMCID: PMC9612394 DOI: 10.3390/s22208013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/08/2022] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Traditional soil nitrogen detection methods have the characteristics of being time-consuming and having an environmental pollution effect. We urgently need a rapid, easy-to-operate, and non-polluting soil nitrogen detection technology. In order to quickly measure the nitrogen content in soil, a new method for detecting the nitrogen content in soil is presented by using a near-infrared spectrum technique and random forest regression (RF). Firstly, the experiment took the soil by the Xunsi River in the area of Hubei University of Technology as the research object, and a total of 143 soil samples were collected. Secondly, NIR spectral data from 143 soil samples were acquired, and chemical and physical methods were used to determine the content of nitrogen in the soil. Thirdly, the raw spectral data of soil samples were denoised by preprocessing. Finally, a forecast model for the soil nitrogen content was developed by using the measured values of components and modeling algorithms. The model was optimized by adjusting the changes in the model parameters and Gini coefficient (∆Gini), and the model was compared with the back propagation (BP) and support vector machine (SVM) models. The results show that: the RF model modeling set prediction R2C is 0.921, the RMSEC is 0.115, the test set R2P is 0.83, and the RMSEP is 0.141; the detection of the soil nitrogen content can be realized by using a near-infrared spectrum technique and random forest algorithm, and its prediction accuracy is better than that of the BP and SVM models; using ∆ Gini to optimize the RF modeling data, the spectral information of the soil nitrogen content can be extracted, and the data redundancy can be reduced effectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baohua Tan
- School of Science (School of Chip Industry), Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China
- National “111 Research Center” Microelectronics and Integrated Circuits, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China
| | - Wenhao You
- School of Science (School of Chip Industry), Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China
- National “111 Research Center” Microelectronics and Integrated Circuits, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China
| | - Shihao Tian
- School of Science (School of Chip Industry), Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China
- National “111 Research Center” Microelectronics and Integrated Circuits, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China
| | - Tengfei Xiao
- School of Science (School of Chip Industry), Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China
- National “111 Research Center” Microelectronics and Integrated Circuits, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China
| | - Mengchen Wang
- School of Science (School of Chip Industry), Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China
- National “111 Research Center” Microelectronics and Integrated Circuits, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China
| | - Beitian Zheng
- School of Science (School of Chip Industry), Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China
- National “111 Research Center” Microelectronics and Integrated Circuits, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China
| | - Lina Luo
- School of Physical Education, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China
- Correspondence:
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Yu DX, Guo S, Zhang X, Yan H, Zhang ZY, Chen X, Chen JY, Jin SJ, Yang J, Duan JA. Rapid detection of adulteration in powder of ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) by FT-NIR spectroscopy combined with chemometrics. Food Chem X 2022; 15:100450. [PMID: 36211746 PMCID: PMC9532869 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2022.100450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Rapid detection of adulteration in GP was realized by NIR spectroscopy. PCA and PLS-DA models were successfully explored to identify adulterants in GP. Three algorithms achieved satisfactory results for discrimination of adulteration. Adulteration levels in GP can be predicted by PLSR model. The optimal pretreatment methods were compared and selected for modeling.
Ginger powder (GP) is a popular spice in the world. Duo to its nutritional value, GP is regarded as an attractive target for adulteration, which is not easily detected. In this study, chromaticity analysis and Fourier transform near-infrared (FT-NIR) spectroscopy combined with chemometrics were developed to identify and quantify of GP and its adulterants. The result showed that GPs and adulterated GPs cannot be completely distinguished by chromaticity analysis. While, the optimized NIR spectra could accurately distinguish the authentic GPs from those adulterated samples. Random forest and gradient boosting algorithms exhibited the highest accuracies (100%) in classification. Moreover, a quantitative model was successfully established to predict the adulteration level in GP. The optimal parameters of prediction to deviation were 8.92, 13.68, 14.61, and 4.30, for pure and adulterated GPs. Overall, FT-NIR spectroscopy is a promising tool, which can quickly identify potential adulteration in GP and track the types of adulterants.
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Kabir MH, Guindo ML, Chen R, Liu F, Luo X, Kong W. Deep Learning Combined with Hyperspectral Imaging Technology for Variety Discrimination of Fritillaria thunbergii. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27186042. [PMID: 36144775 PMCID: PMC9501738 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27186042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Traditional Chinese herbal medicine (TCHM) plays an essential role in the international pharmaceutical industry due to its rich resources and unique curative properties. The flowers, stems, and leaves of Fritillaria contain a wide range of phytochemical compounds, including flavonoids, essential oils, saponins, and alkaloids, which may be useful for medicinal purposes. Fritillaria thunbergii Miq. Bulbs are commonly used in traditional Chinese medicine as expectorants and antitussives. In this paper, a feasibility study is presented that examines the use of hyperspectral imaging integrated with convolutional neural networks (CNN) to distinguish twelve (12) Fritillaria varieties (n = 360). The performance of support vector machines (SVM) and partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) was compared with that of convolutional neural network (CNN). Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to assess the presence of cluster trends in the spectral data. To optimize the performance of the models, cross-validation was used. Among all the discriminant models, CNN was the most accurate with 98.88%, 88.89% in training and test sets, followed by PLS-DA and SVM with 92.59%, 81.94% and 99.65%, 79.17%, respectively. The results obtained in the present study revealed that application of HSI in conjunction with the deep learning technique can be used for classification of Fritillaria thunbergii varieties rapidly and non-destructively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Hilal Kabir
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Department of Agricultural and Bio-Resource Engineering, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, Bauchi PMB 0248, Nigeria
| | - Mahamed Lamine Guindo
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Rongqin Chen
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Fei Liu
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-571-88982825
| | - Xinmeng Luo
- College of Mathematics and Computer Science, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Wenwen Kong
- College of Mathematics and Computer Science, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
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Effect of germ orientation during Vis-NIR hyperspectral imaging for the detection of fungal contamination in maize kernel using PLS-DA, ANN and 1D-CNN modelling. Food Control 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2022.109077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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20
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Babu PS, Pulissery SK, Chandran SM, Mahanti NK, Pandiselvam R, Bindu J, Kothakota A. Non‐invasive and rapid quality assessment of thermal processed and canned tender jackfruit:
NIR
Spectroscopy and chemometric approach. Int J Food Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.15966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pritty Sushama Babu
- Kelappaji College of Agricultural Engineering and Technology Malappuram Kerala India
| | | | | | - Naveen Kumar Mahanti
- Post Harvest Technology Research Station, Dr. Y.S.R Horticultural University Venkataramannagudem, West Godavari 534 101 Andhra Pradesh India
| | - R. Pandiselvam
- Physiology, Biochemistry and Post‐Harvest Technology Division, ICAR‐Central Plantation Crops Research Institute Kasaragod 671 124 Kerala India
| | - Jaganath Bindu
- FishProcessing Division, Central Institute of Fisheries Technology Kochi Kerala India
| | - Anjineyulu Kothakota
- AgroProduce Processing Division, ICAR‐Central Institute of Agricultural Engineering Nabibagh, Berasia Road Bhopal MP 462038 India
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Priya RB, Rashmitha R, Preetham GS, Chandrasekar V, Mohan RJ, Sinija VR, Pandiselvam R. Detection of Adulteration in Coconut Oil and Virgin Coconut Oil Using Advanced Analytical Techniques: A Review. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-022-02342-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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22
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Emerging non-destructive imaging techniques for fruit damage detection: Image processing and analysis. Trends Food Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2021.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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