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Liu J, Wan Y, Chen Y, Fan H, Li M, Jiang Q, Fu G. Evaluation of the effect of Torulaspora delbrueckii on important volatile compounds in navel orange original brandy using E-nose combined with HS-SPME-GC-MS. Food Chem 2024; 453:139625. [PMID: 38754349 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.139625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Simultaneous inoculation of non-Saccharomyces cerevisiae during the alcoholic fermentation process has been found to be an effective strategy for enhancing wine flavor. This study aimed to investigate the effect of Torulaspora delbrueckii NCUF305.2 on the flavor of navel orange original brandy (NOOB) using E-nose combined with HS-SPME-GC-MS. The results showed a significant increase (p < 0.05) in the sensitivity of NOOB to W5C, W3C, W1S, and W3S sensors by mixed fermentation (MF). Esters in NOOB increased by 4.13%, while higher alcohols increased by 21.93% (p < 0.001), terpenes and others increased by 52.07% and 40.99% (p < 0.01), respectively. Notably, several important volatile compounds with relative odor activity values above 10 showed an increase. Sensory analysis revealed that a more pronounced citrus-like flavor and higher overall appearance scores were found in MF than in pure fermentation (PF). These findings offer valuable theoretical guidance for enhancing the quality of fruit brandies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources & College of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China; International Institute of Food Innovation Co., Ltd., Nanchang University, Nanchang 330299, China
| | - Yin Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources & College of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China; International Institute of Food Innovation Co., Ltd., Nanchang University, Nanchang 330299, China
| | - Yanru Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources & College of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China; International Institute of Food Innovation Co., Ltd., Nanchang University, Nanchang 330299, China
| | - Haowei Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources & College of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China; International Institute of Food Innovation Co., Ltd., Nanchang University, Nanchang 330299, China
| | - Mengxiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources & College of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China; International Institute of Food Innovation Co., Ltd., Nanchang University, Nanchang 330299, China
| | - Qihai Jiang
- Ruijin Kejiahong Brewing Co., Ltd., Ruijin, Jiangxi 342500, China
| | - Guiming Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources & College of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China; International Institute of Food Innovation Co., Ltd., Nanchang University, Nanchang 330299, China.
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Ye J, Zhang Q, Li M, Wang Y, Jia M, Hong L, Chen Y, Pang X, Jia X, Wang H. Tea Quality of the Mysterious "Dahongpao Mother Tree" ( Camellia sinensis). Foods 2024; 13:1548. [PMID: 38790849 PMCID: PMC11121314 DOI: 10.3390/foods13101548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Revised: 05/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The quality of the Dahongpao mother tree (Camellia sinensis) remains a mystery to this day. In this study, for the first time, the differences between the Dahongpao mother tree (MD) and Dahongpao cuttings (PD), in terms of odor characteristics and taste characteristics were analyzed by metabomics. The results showed that MD had stronger floral, fruity, green, and woody odor characteristics than PD, and that the contributions were mainly from dihydromyrcenol, methyl salicylate, 2-isobutylpyrazine, 1,6-dihydrocarveol, gamma-terpineol, and linalyl acetate. Further, fresh and brisk taste and mellowness taste characteristics of MD were significantly higher than PD, with contributions mainly from amino acids and derivatives and organic acids. Secondly, bitterness taste characteristics of PD were significantly higher than MD, with contributions from phenolic acids, flavones, and flavonols. This study preliminarily unraveled the legend of the superior quality of the Dahongpao mother tree, and also provided an important reference for the breeding of tea-tree cuttings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianghua Ye
- College of Tea and Food, Wuyi University, Wuyishan 354300, China; (J.Y.); (Q.Z.)
| | - Qi Zhang
- College of Tea and Food, Wuyi University, Wuyishan 354300, China; (J.Y.); (Q.Z.)
| | - Mingzhe Li
- College of Life Science, Longyan University, Longyan 364012, China
| | - Yuhua Wang
- College of JunCao Science and Ecology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Miao Jia
- College of Tea and Food, Wuyi University, Wuyishan 354300, China; (J.Y.); (Q.Z.)
| | - Lei Hong
- College of Life Science, Longyan University, Longyan 364012, China
- College of JunCao Science and Ecology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Yiling Chen
- College of Life Science, Longyan University, Longyan 364012, China
| | - Xiaomin Pang
- College of Tea and Food, Wuyi University, Wuyishan 354300, China; (J.Y.); (Q.Z.)
| | - Xiaoli Jia
- College of Tea and Food, Wuyi University, Wuyishan 354300, China; (J.Y.); (Q.Z.)
| | - Haibin Wang
- College of Tea and Food, Wuyi University, Wuyishan 354300, China; (J.Y.); (Q.Z.)
- College of Life Science, Longyan University, Longyan 364012, China
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Zhang X, Wang Y, Wu F, Gu D, Tao H, Zhang R. Organic acid and aromatic compounds create distinctive flavor in the blackening process of jujube. Food Chem 2024; 439:138199. [PMID: 38100871 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.138199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies demonstrated jujube blackening effectively increased cyclic adenosine phosphate and triterpene acid levels, improving its nutritional value. However, compositional changes during this process require further elucidation. The objective aimed to analyze compositional transformations during this process with SEM, TPA, UPLC-MS, E-nose. Results showed decreased hardness, springiness, and chewiness coupled with increased gumminess over blackening durations. Untargeted omics analysis revealed increases of 2-aminooctadec-8-ene-1,3,4-trioland carbendazim. Targeted organic acid analysis showed initial citric acid accumulation (1481.62 to 1645.78 mg/kg) in the first 24 h, then declines to 1072.96 mg/kg. Meanwhile, oxalic and lactic acids steadily rose, peaking at 96-120 h before slightly decreasing. E-nose analysis implied alterations in organic sulfide aromatics engendered the characteristic flavors. Organic acid fluctuations likely resulted from sugar biotransformation and thermal degradation. These comprehensive analyses demonstrate jujube blackening imparts a rich and unique flavor, providing theoretical support for investigating the mechanisms and products underlying this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Yuxiao Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Fei Wu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Duanyin Gu
- Tai'an Academy of Agricultural Science, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Hongxun Tao
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Rentang Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China; Laoling Healthy Food Industry Technology Research Institute, Dezhou 253600, China.
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Zhang J, Zhang M, Chen K, Bhandari B, Deng D. Impact of cooking methods on the quality, sensory and flavor compounds of Sichuan pepper oleoresin. Food Chem 2023; 427:136639. [PMID: 37392624 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.136639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/03/2023]
Abstract
Sichuan pepper oleoresin (SPO) is highly appreciated by the food industry as well as consumers for flavor. To understand the overall flavor of SPO and how the quality changes during practical application, this study investigated the effects of five cooking methods on the quality, sensory, and flavor compounds of SPO. The differences in physicochemical properties and sensory evaluation responded to potential changes in SPO after cooking. The SPO after different cooking could be clearly distinguished by E-nose and PCA. Based on the qualitative analysis of volatile compounds, 13 compounds were screened by OPLS-DA that had the ability to explain above differences. Further analysis of taste substances revealed that pungent substances (hydroxy-α-sanshool) were significantly reduced in SPO after cooking. And the conclusion that the degree of bitterness significantly increased was predicted by E-tongue. The PLS-R model was developed to achieve correlation analysis between aroma molecules and sensory quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, 214122 Wuxi, Jiangsu, China; China General Chamber of Commerce Key Laboratory on Fresh Food Processing & Preservation, Jiangnan University, 214122 Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Min Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, 214122 Wuxi, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Province International Joint Laboratory on Fresh Food Smart Processing and Quality Monitoring, Jiangnan University, 214122 Wuxi, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Kai Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, 214122 Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bhesh Bhandari
- School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Dewei Deng
- Zhengzhou Xuemailong Food Flavor Co. R&D Center, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
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Zhao X, Feng J, Laghi L, Deng J, Dao X, Tang J, Ji L, Zhu C, Picone G. Characterization of Flavor Profile of "Nanx Wudl" Sour Meat Fermented from Goose and Pork Using Gas Chromatography-Ion Mobility Spectrometry (GC-IMS) Combined with Electronic Nose and Tongue. Foods 2023; 12:foods12112194. [PMID: 37297439 DOI: 10.3390/foods12112194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Sour meat is a highly appreciated traditional fermented product, mainly from the Guizhou, Yunnan, and Hunan provinces. The flavor profiles of sour meat from goose and pork were evaluated using gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry (GC-IMS) combined with an electronic nose (E-nose) and tongue (E-tongue). A total of 94 volatile compounds were characterized in fermented sour meat from both pork and goose using GC-IMS. A data-mining protocol based on univariate and multivariate analyses revealed that the source of the raw meat plays a crucial role in the formation of flavor compounds during the fermentation process. In detail, sour meat from pork contained higher levels of hexyl acetate, sotolon, heptyl acetate, butyl propanoate, hexanal, and 2-acetylpyrrole than sour goose meat. In parallel, sour meat from goose showed higher levels of 4-methyl-3-penten-2-one, n-butyl lactate, 2-butanol, (E)-2-nonenal, and decalin than sour pork. In terms of the odor and taste response values obtained by the E-nose and E-tongue, a robust principal component model (RPCA) could effectively differentiate sour meat from the two sources. The present work could provide references to investigate the flavor profiles of traditional sour meat products fermented from different raw meats and offer opportunities for a rapid identification method based on flavor profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhao
- College of Food Science and Technology, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jianying Feng
- College of Food Science and Technology, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Luca Laghi
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna, 47521 Cesena, Italy
| | - Jing Deng
- Cuisine Science Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Tourism University, Chengdu 610100, China
| | - Xiaofang Dao
- College of Food Science and Technology, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Junni Tang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Lili Ji
- Meat Processing Key Lab of Sichuan Province, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
| | - Chenglin Zhu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Gianfranco Picone
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna, 47521 Cesena, Italy
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