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Olczak M, Niderla-Bielińska J, Kwiatkowska M, Samojłowicz D, Tarka S, Wierzba-Bobrowicz T. Tau protein (MAPT) as a possible biochemical marker of traumatic brain injury in postmortem examination. Forensic Sci Int 2017; 280:1-7. [PMID: 28942078 DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2017.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2016] [Revised: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
MAPT is a neuronal protein that plays an important role in axonal stabilization, neuronal development, and neuronal polarity. MAPT release into the CSF and blood has been interpreted as indicative of axonal injury as its elevated levels were observed in olympic boxers even after a mild head trauma suggesting minor CNS injuries. In our study we wanted to check the potential relevance of MAPT examination for forensic purposes. The study was carried out using cases of head injury group and cases of sudden death (cardiopulmonary failure, no injuries of the head - control group) provided by forensic pathologists at the Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw. CSF and blood were collected within 24h after death using suboccipital puncture and femoral vein puncture. Serum and cerebrospinal fluid Tau protein concentrations were compared using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa). Brain specimens (frontal cortex) were collected during forensic autopsies. Sections were stained histologically (hematoxylin-eosin) and immunohistochemically with anti human Tau antibody, anti glial fibrillary acid protein (GFAP), anti human macrosialin (CD68) or anti human endothelial cells (CD34). In our study we documented that elevated levels of serum and CSF MAPT may also be considered a marker for mild traumatic brain injury and traumatic brain injury (mTBI and TBI). An increase in CSF and serum levels of MAPT in the absence of visible macroscopic traumatic CNS changes indicates that even minor head injuries may result in changes at the neuronal level that could remain undiagnosed during regular forensic autopsy and routine histopathological examination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mieszko Olczak
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, 1 Oczki st., 02-007 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Justyna Niderla-Bielińska
- Histology and Embriology Department, Medical University of Warsaw, 5 Chałubińskiego st., 02-004 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Magdalena Kwiatkowska
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, 1 Oczki st., 02-007 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Dorota Samojłowicz
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, 1 Oczki st., 02-007 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Sylwia Tarka
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, 1 Oczki st., 02-007 Warsaw, Poland; Department of Neuropathology, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, 9 Sobieskiego st., 02-957 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Teresa Wierzba-Bobrowicz
- Department of Neuropathology, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, 9 Sobieskiego st., 02-957 Warsaw, Poland
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Schossleitner K, Rauscher S, Gröger M, Friedl HP, Finsterwalder R, Habertheuer A, Sibilia M, Brostjan C, Födinger D, Citi S, Petzelbauer P. Evidence That Cingulin Regulates Endothelial Barrier Function In Vitro and In Vivo. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2016; 36:647-54. [PMID: 26821949 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.115.307032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2015] [Accepted: 01/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Cingulin is a cytoplasmic component of tight junctions. Although modulation of cingulin levels in cultured epithelial model systems has no significant effect on barrier function, evidence from cingulin knockout mice suggests that cingulin may be involved in the regulation of the behavior of epithelial or endothelial cells. Here, we investigate the role of cingulin in the barrier function of endothelial cells. APPROACH AND RESULTS We show that cingulin is expressed in human endothelial cells of the skin, brain, and lung in vivo and in vitro. Endothelial cingulin colocalizes and coimmunoprecipitates with the tight junction proteins zonula occludens-1 and guanine nucleotide exchange factor-H1. Cingulin overexpression in human umbilical vein endothelial cell induces tight junction formation, increases transendothelial electric resistance, and strengthens barrier function for low and high molecular weight tracers. In contrast, cultured endothelial cells lacking cingulin are more permeable for low molecular weight tracers. In cingulin knockout mice, neurons of the area postrema and Purkinje cells show an increased uptake of small molecular weight tracers indicating decreased barrier function at these sites. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrate that cingulin participates in the modulation of endothelial barrier function both in human cultured cells in vitro and in mouse brains in vivo. Understanding the role of cingulin in maintaining tight barriers in endothelia may allow developing new strategies for the treatment of vascular leak syndromes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaudia Schossleitner
- From the Skin and Endothelium Research Division (SERD), Department of Dermatology (K.S., S.R., M.G., H.P.F., R.F., P.P.), Core Facility Imaging (S.R., M.G.), Department of Cardiac Surgery (A.H.), Department of Medicine I, Institute of Cancer Research, Comprehensive Cancer Center (M.S.), Department of Surgery (C.B.), and Department of Dermatology (D.F.), Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; and Department of Cell Biology and Institute of Genetics and Genomics in Geneva, University of Geneva, Switzerland (S.C.)
| | - Sabine Rauscher
- From the Skin and Endothelium Research Division (SERD), Department of Dermatology (K.S., S.R., M.G., H.P.F., R.F., P.P.), Core Facility Imaging (S.R., M.G.), Department of Cardiac Surgery (A.H.), Department of Medicine I, Institute of Cancer Research, Comprehensive Cancer Center (M.S.), Department of Surgery (C.B.), and Department of Dermatology (D.F.), Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; and Department of Cell Biology and Institute of Genetics and Genomics in Geneva, University of Geneva, Switzerland (S.C.)
| | - Marion Gröger
- From the Skin and Endothelium Research Division (SERD), Department of Dermatology (K.S., S.R., M.G., H.P.F., R.F., P.P.), Core Facility Imaging (S.R., M.G.), Department of Cardiac Surgery (A.H.), Department of Medicine I, Institute of Cancer Research, Comprehensive Cancer Center (M.S.), Department of Surgery (C.B.), and Department of Dermatology (D.F.), Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; and Department of Cell Biology and Institute of Genetics and Genomics in Geneva, University of Geneva, Switzerland (S.C.)
| | - Heinz Peter Friedl
- From the Skin and Endothelium Research Division (SERD), Department of Dermatology (K.S., S.R., M.G., H.P.F., R.F., P.P.), Core Facility Imaging (S.R., M.G.), Department of Cardiac Surgery (A.H.), Department of Medicine I, Institute of Cancer Research, Comprehensive Cancer Center (M.S.), Department of Surgery (C.B.), and Department of Dermatology (D.F.), Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; and Department of Cell Biology and Institute of Genetics and Genomics in Geneva, University of Geneva, Switzerland (S.C.)
| | - Richard Finsterwalder
- From the Skin and Endothelium Research Division (SERD), Department of Dermatology (K.S., S.R., M.G., H.P.F., R.F., P.P.), Core Facility Imaging (S.R., M.G.), Department of Cardiac Surgery (A.H.), Department of Medicine I, Institute of Cancer Research, Comprehensive Cancer Center (M.S.), Department of Surgery (C.B.), and Department of Dermatology (D.F.), Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; and Department of Cell Biology and Institute of Genetics and Genomics in Geneva, University of Geneva, Switzerland (S.C.)
| | - Andreas Habertheuer
- From the Skin and Endothelium Research Division (SERD), Department of Dermatology (K.S., S.R., M.G., H.P.F., R.F., P.P.), Core Facility Imaging (S.R., M.G.), Department of Cardiac Surgery (A.H.), Department of Medicine I, Institute of Cancer Research, Comprehensive Cancer Center (M.S.), Department of Surgery (C.B.), and Department of Dermatology (D.F.), Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; and Department of Cell Biology and Institute of Genetics and Genomics in Geneva, University of Geneva, Switzerland (S.C.)
| | - Maria Sibilia
- From the Skin and Endothelium Research Division (SERD), Department of Dermatology (K.S., S.R., M.G., H.P.F., R.F., P.P.), Core Facility Imaging (S.R., M.G.), Department of Cardiac Surgery (A.H.), Department of Medicine I, Institute of Cancer Research, Comprehensive Cancer Center (M.S.), Department of Surgery (C.B.), and Department of Dermatology (D.F.), Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; and Department of Cell Biology and Institute of Genetics and Genomics in Geneva, University of Geneva, Switzerland (S.C.)
| | - Christine Brostjan
- From the Skin and Endothelium Research Division (SERD), Department of Dermatology (K.S., S.R., M.G., H.P.F., R.F., P.P.), Core Facility Imaging (S.R., M.G.), Department of Cardiac Surgery (A.H.), Department of Medicine I, Institute of Cancer Research, Comprehensive Cancer Center (M.S.), Department of Surgery (C.B.), and Department of Dermatology (D.F.), Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; and Department of Cell Biology and Institute of Genetics and Genomics in Geneva, University of Geneva, Switzerland (S.C.)
| | - Dagmar Födinger
- From the Skin and Endothelium Research Division (SERD), Department of Dermatology (K.S., S.R., M.G., H.P.F., R.F., P.P.), Core Facility Imaging (S.R., M.G.), Department of Cardiac Surgery (A.H.), Department of Medicine I, Institute of Cancer Research, Comprehensive Cancer Center (M.S.), Department of Surgery (C.B.), and Department of Dermatology (D.F.), Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; and Department of Cell Biology and Institute of Genetics and Genomics in Geneva, University of Geneva, Switzerland (S.C.)
| | - Sandra Citi
- From the Skin and Endothelium Research Division (SERD), Department of Dermatology (K.S., S.R., M.G., H.P.F., R.F., P.P.), Core Facility Imaging (S.R., M.G.), Department of Cardiac Surgery (A.H.), Department of Medicine I, Institute of Cancer Research, Comprehensive Cancer Center (M.S.), Department of Surgery (C.B.), and Department of Dermatology (D.F.), Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; and Department of Cell Biology and Institute of Genetics and Genomics in Geneva, University of Geneva, Switzerland (S.C.)
| | - Peter Petzelbauer
- From the Skin and Endothelium Research Division (SERD), Department of Dermatology (K.S., S.R., M.G., H.P.F., R.F., P.P.), Core Facility Imaging (S.R., M.G.), Department of Cardiac Surgery (A.H.), Department of Medicine I, Institute of Cancer Research, Comprehensive Cancer Center (M.S.), Department of Surgery (C.B.), and Department of Dermatology (D.F.), Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; and Department of Cell Biology and Institute of Genetics and Genomics in Geneva, University of Geneva, Switzerland (S.C.).
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