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Nakagawa S, Fukui-Miyazaki A, Yoshida T, Ishii Y, Murata E, Taniguchi K, Ishizu A, Kasahara M, Tomaru U. Decreased Proteasomal Function Exacerbates Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress-Induced Chronic Inflammation in Obese Adipose Tissue. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2024:S0002-9440(24)00076-2. [PMID: 38423355 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2024.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Low-grade chronic inflammation contributes to both aging and the pathogenesis of age-related diseases. White adipose tissue (WAT) in obese individuals exhibits chronic inflammation, which is associated with obesity-related disorders. Aging exacerbates obesity-related inflammation in WAT; however, the molecular mechanisms underlying chronic inflammation and its exacerbation by aging remain unclear. Age-related decline in activity of the proteasome, a multisubunit proteolytic complex, has been implicated in age-related diseases. This study employed a mouse model with decreased proteasomal function that exhibits age-related phenotypes to investigate the impact of adipocyte senescence on WAT inflammation. Transgenic mice expressing proteasomal subunit β5t with weak chymotrypsin-like activity experience reduced lifespan and develop age-related phenotypes. Mice fed with a high-fat diet and experiencing proteasomal dysfunction exhibited increased WAT inflammation, increased infiltration of proinflammatory M1-like macrophages, and increased proinflammatory adipocytokine-like monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, and tumor necrosis factor-α, which are all associated with activation of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-related pathways. Impaired proteasomal activity also activated ER stress-related molecules and induced expression of proinflammatory adipocytokines in adipocyte-like cells differentiated from 3T3-L1 cells. Collective evidence suggests that impaired proteasomal activity increases ER stress and that subsequent inflammatory pathways play pivotal roles in WAT inflammation. Because proteasomal function declines with age, age-related proteasome impairment may be involved in obesity-related inflammation among elderly individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shimpei Nakagawa
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Aya Fukui-Miyazaki
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Takuma Yoshida
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yasushi Ishii
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Eri Murata
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan; Department of Fundamental Nursing, School of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata University, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Koji Taniguchi
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Akihiro Ishizu
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Masanori Kasahara
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Utano Tomaru
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan; Department of Surgical Pathology, Hokkaido University Hospital, Sapporo, Japan.
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2
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Zhao Y, Yue R. Aging adipose tissue, insulin resistance, and type 2 diabetes. Biogerontology 2024; 25:53-69. [PMID: 37725294 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-023-10067-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
With the increase of population aging, the prevalence of type 2 diabetes (T2D) is also rising. Aging affects the tissues and organs of the whole body, which is the result of various physiological and pathological processes. Adipose tissue has a high degree of plasticity and changes with aging. Aging changes the distribution of adipose tissue, affects adipogenesis, browning characteristics, inflammatory status and adipokine secretion, and increases lipotoxicity. These age-dependent changes in adipose tissue are an important cause of insulin resistance and T2D. Understanding adipose tissue changes can help promote healthy aging process. This review summarizes changes in adipose tissue ascribable to aging, with a focus on the role of aging adipose tissue in insulin resistance and T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixuan Zhao
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, NO. 39 Shi-Er-Qiao Road, Chengdu, 610072, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Rensong Yue
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, NO. 39 Shi-Er-Qiao Road, Chengdu, 610072, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China.
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3
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Hwang MS, Park J, Ham Y, Lee IH, Chun KH. Roles of Protein Post-Translational Modifications During Adipocyte Senescence. Int J Biol Sci 2023; 19:5245-5256. [PMID: 37928271 PMCID: PMC10620833 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.86404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Adipocytes are adipose tissues that supply energy to the body through lipids. The two main types of adipocytes comprise white adipocytes (WAT) that store energy, and brown adipocytes (BAT), which generate heat by burning stored fat (thermogenesis). Emerging evidence indicates that dysregulated adipocyte senescence may disrupt metabolic homeostasis, leading to various diseases and aging. Adipocytes undergo senescence via irreversible cell-cycle arrest in response to DNA damage, oxidative stress, telomere dysfunction, or adipocyte over-expansion upon chronic lipid accumulation. The amount of detectable BAT decreases with age. Activation of cell cycle regulators and dysregulation of adipogenesis-regulating factors may constitute a molecular mechanism that accelerates adipocyte senescence. To better understand the regulation of adipocyte senescence, the effects of post-translational modifications (PTMs), is essential for clarifying the activity and stability of these proteins. PTMs are covalent enzymatic protein modifications introduced following protein biosynthesis, such as phosphorylation, acetylation, ubiquitination, or glycosylation. Determining the contribution of PTMs to adipocyte senescence may identify new therapeutic targets for the regulation of adipocyte senescence. In this review, we discuss a conceptual case in which PTMs regulate adipocyte senescence and explain the mechanisms underlying protein regulation, which may lead to the development of effective strategies to combat metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Seon Hwang
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Institute of Genetic Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Jingyeong Park
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Science, Ewha Womans University, 52 Ewhayeodae-Gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Yunha Ham
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Science, Ewha Womans University, 52 Ewhayeodae-Gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - In Hye Lee
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Science, Ewha Womans University, 52 Ewhayeodae-Gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Hee Chun
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Institute of Genetic Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
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4
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Martín-Pardillos A, Martin-Duque P. Cellular Alterations in Carbohydrate and Lipid Metabolism Due to Interactions with Nanomaterials. J Funct Biomater 2023; 14:jfb14050274. [PMID: 37233384 DOI: 10.3390/jfb14050274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Nanoparticles (NPs) have unique physicochemical properties that are useful for a broad range of biomedical and industrial applications; nevertheless, increasing concern exists about their biosafety. This review aims to focus on the implications of nanoparticles in cellular metabolism and their outcomes. In particular, some NPs have the ability to modify glucose and lipid metabolism, and this feature is especially interesting to treat diabetes and obesity and to target cancer cells. However, the lack of specificity to reach target cells and the toxicological evaluation of nontargeted cells can potentially induce detrimental side effects, closely related to inflammation and oxidative stress. Therefore, identifying the metabolic alterations caused by NPs, independent of their application, is highly needed. To our knowledge, this increase would lead to the improvement and safer use with a reduced toxicity, increasing the number of available NPs for diagnosis and treatment of human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Martín-Pardillos
- Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Technology (IQTMA), University of Zaragoza, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias de Aragón (IIS Aragón), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Pilar Martin-Duque
- Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias de Aragón (IIS Aragón), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Ciber Bioingeniería y Biomateriales (CIBER-BBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos lll, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Surgery Department, Medicine Medical School, University of Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
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Kaushik S, Juste YR, Lindenau K, Dong S, Macho-González A, Santiago-Fernández O, McCabe M, Singh R, Gavathiotis E, Cuervo AM. Chaperone-mediated autophagy regulates adipocyte differentiation. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabq2733. [PMID: 36383673 PMCID: PMC9668314 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abq2733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Adipogenesis is a tightly orchestrated multistep process wherein preadipocytes differentiate into adipocytes. The most studied aspect of adipogenesis is its transcriptional regulation through timely expression and silencing of a vast number of genes. However, whether turnover of key regulatory proteins per se controls adipogenesis remains largely understudied. Chaperone-mediated autophagy (CMA) is a selective form of lysosomal protein degradation that, in response to diverse cues, remodels the proteome for regulatory purposes. We report here the activation of CMA during adipocyte differentiation and show that CMA regulates adipogenesis at different steps through timely degradation of key regulatory signaling proteins and transcription factors that dictate proliferation, energetic adaptation, and signaling changes required for adipogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susmita Kaushik
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- Institute for Aging Studies, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Yves R. Juste
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- Institute for Aging Studies, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Kristen Lindenau
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- Institute for Aging Studies, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Shuxian Dong
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- Institute for Aging Studies, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Adrián Macho-González
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- Institute for Aging Studies, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Olaya Santiago-Fernández
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- Institute for Aging Studies, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Mericka McCabe
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- Institute for Aging Studies, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Rajat Singh
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- Institute for Aging Studies, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Evripidis Gavathiotis
- Institute for Aging Studies, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Ana Maria Cuervo
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- Institute for Aging Studies, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
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6
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The dialogue between the ubiquitin-proteasome system and autophagy: Implications in ageing. Ageing Res Rev 2020; 64:101203. [PMID: 33130248 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2020.101203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Dysregulated proteostasis is one of the hallmarks of ageing. Damaged proteins may impair cellular function and their accumulation may lead to tissue dysfunction and disease. This is why protective mechanisms to safeguard the cell proteome have evolved. These mechanisms consist of cellular machineries involved in protein quality control, including regulators of protein translation, folding, trafficking and degradation. In eukaryotic cells, protein degradation occurs via two main pathways: the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) and the autophagy-lysosome pathway. Although distinct pathways, they are not isolated systems and have a complementary nature, as evidenced by recent studies. These findings raise the question of how autophagy and the proteasome crosstalk. In this review we address how the two degradation pathways impact each other, thereby adding a new layer of regulation to protein degradation. We also analyze the implications of the UPS and autophagy in ageing.
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7
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Ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase L1 (UCHL1) regulates post-myocardial infarction cardiac fibrosis through glucose-regulated protein of 78 kDa (GRP78). Sci Rep 2020; 10:10604. [PMID: 32606430 PMCID: PMC7326919 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-67746-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Abnormal cardiac fibrosis indicates cardiac dysfunction and poor prognosis in myocardial infarction (MI) patients. Many studies have demonstrated that the ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS) plays a significant role in the pathogenesis of fibrosis. Ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase L1 (UCHL1), a member of the UPS, is related to fibrosis in several heart diseases. However, whether UCHL1 regulates cardiac fibrosis following MI has yet to be determined. In the present study, we found that UCHL1 was dramatically increased in infarct hearts and TGF-β1-stimulated cardiac fibroblasts (CFs). Inhibition of UCHL1 with LDN57444 (LDN) reversed the myocardial fibrosis in post-MI heart and improved cardiac function. Treatment of LDN or UCHL1 siRNA abolished the TGF-β1-induced fibrotic response of CFs. We further identified GRP78 as an interactor of UCHL1 through screening using immunoprecipitation-mass spectrometer. We determined that UCHL1 interacted with glucose-regulated protein of 78 kDa (GRP78) and prompted GRP78 degradation via ubiquitination. Furthermore, we found that GRP78 was upregulated after UCHL1 knockdown and that the GRP78 inhibitor HA15 diminished the antifibrotic function exerted by UCHL1 knockdown in CFs stimulated with TGF-β1. This suggests that UCHL1 regulates cardiac fibrosis post MI through interactions with GRP78. This work identifies that the UCHL1-GRP78 axis is involved in cardiac fibrosis after MI.
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8
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Molecular Chaperones and Proteolytic Machineries Regulate Protein Homeostasis In Aging Cells. Cells 2020; 9:cells9051308. [PMID: 32456366 PMCID: PMC7291254 DOI: 10.3390/cells9051308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Throughout their life cycles, cells are subject to a variety of stresses that lead to a compromise between cell death and survival. Survival is partially provided by the cell proteostasis network, which consists of molecular chaperones, a ubiquitin-proteasome system of degradation and autophagy. The cooperation of these systems impacts the correct function of protein synthesis/modification/transport machinery starting from the adaption of nascent polypeptides to cellular overcrowding until the utilization of damaged or needless proteins. Eventually, aging cells, in parallel to the accumulation of flawed proteins, gradually lose their proteostasis mechanisms, and this loss leads to the degeneration of large cellular masses and to number of age-associated pathologies and ultimately death. In this review, we describe the function of proteostasis mechanisms with an emphasis on the possible associations between them.
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9
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Gleixner AM, Hutchison DF, Sannino S, Bhatia TN, Leak LC, Flaherty PT, Wipf P, Brodsky JL, Leak RK. N-Acetyl-l-Cysteine Protects Astrocytes against Proteotoxicity without Recourse to Glutathione. Mol Pharmacol 2017; 92:564-575. [PMID: 28830914 DOI: 10.1124/mol.117.109926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
N-acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC) exhibits protective properties in brain injury models and has undergone a number of clinical trials. Most studies of NAC have focused on neurons. However, neuroprotection may be complemented by the protection of astrocytes because healthier astrocytes can better support the viability of neurons. Here, we show that NAC can protect astrocytes against protein misfolding stress (proteotoxicity), the hallmark of neurodegenerative disorders. Although NAC is thought to be a glutathione precursor, NAC protected primary astrocytes from the toxicity of the proteasome inhibitor MG132 without eliciting any increase in glutathione. Furthermore, glutathione depletion failed to attenuate the protective effects of NAC. MG132 elicited a robust increase in the folding chaperone heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70), and NAC mitigated this effect. Nevertheless, three independent inhibitors of Hsp70 function ablated the protective effects of NAC, suggesting that NAC may help preserve Hsp70 chaperone activity and improve protein quality control without need for Hsp70 induction. Consistent with this view, NAC abolished an increase in ubiquitinated proteins in MG132-treated astrocytes. However, NAC did not affect the loss of proteasome activity in response to MG132, demonstrating that it boosted protein homeostasis and cell viability without directly interfering with the efficacy of this proteasome inhibitor. The thiol-containing molecules l-cysteine and d-cysteine both mimicked the protective effects of NAC, whereas the thiol-lacking molecule N-acetyl-S-methyl-l-cysteine failed to exert protection or blunt the rise in ubiquitinated proteins. Collectively, these findings suggest that the thiol group in NAC is required for its effects on glial viability and protein quality control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda M Gleixner
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (A.M.G., D.F.H., T.N.B., L.C.L., P.T.F., R.K.L.); and Departments of Biological Sciences (S.S., J.L.B.) and Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (P.W.)
| | - Daniel F Hutchison
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (A.M.G., D.F.H., T.N.B., L.C.L., P.T.F., R.K.L.); and Departments of Biological Sciences (S.S., J.L.B.) and Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (P.W.)
| | - Sara Sannino
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (A.M.G., D.F.H., T.N.B., L.C.L., P.T.F., R.K.L.); and Departments of Biological Sciences (S.S., J.L.B.) and Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (P.W.)
| | - Tarun N Bhatia
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (A.M.G., D.F.H., T.N.B., L.C.L., P.T.F., R.K.L.); and Departments of Biological Sciences (S.S., J.L.B.) and Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (P.W.)
| | - Lillian C Leak
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (A.M.G., D.F.H., T.N.B., L.C.L., P.T.F., R.K.L.); and Departments of Biological Sciences (S.S., J.L.B.) and Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (P.W.)
| | - Patrick T Flaherty
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (A.M.G., D.F.H., T.N.B., L.C.L., P.T.F., R.K.L.); and Departments of Biological Sciences (S.S., J.L.B.) and Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (P.W.)
| | - Peter Wipf
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (A.M.G., D.F.H., T.N.B., L.C.L., P.T.F., R.K.L.); and Departments of Biological Sciences (S.S., J.L.B.) and Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (P.W.)
| | - Jeffrey L Brodsky
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (A.M.G., D.F.H., T.N.B., L.C.L., P.T.F., R.K.L.); and Departments of Biological Sciences (S.S., J.L.B.) and Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (P.W.)
| | - Rehana K Leak
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (A.M.G., D.F.H., T.N.B., L.C.L., P.T.F., R.K.L.); and Departments of Biological Sciences (S.S., J.L.B.) and Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (P.W.)
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10
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Castro JP, Grune T, Speckmann B. The two faces of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in adipocyte function and dysfunction. Biol Chem 2016; 397:709-24. [DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2015-0305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Accepted: 03/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
White adipose tissue (WAT) is actively involved in the regulation of whole-body energy homeostasis via storage/release of lipids and adipokine secretion. Current research links WAT dysfunction to the development of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and type 2 diabetes (T2D). The expansion of WAT during oversupply of nutrients prevents ectopic fat accumulation and requires proper preadipocyte-to-adipocyte differentiation. An assumed link between excess levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), WAT dysfunction and T2D has been discussed controversially. While oxidative stress conditions have conclusively been detected in WAT of T2D patients and related animal models, clinical trials with antioxidants failed to prevent T2D or to improve glucose homeostasis. Furthermore, animal studies yielded inconsistent results regarding the role of oxidative stress in the development of diabetes. Here, we discuss the contribution of ROS to the (patho)physiology of adipocyte function and differentiation, with particular emphasis on sources and nutritional modulators of adipocyte ROS and their functions in signaling mechanisms controlling adipogenesis and functions of mature fat cells. We propose a concept of ROS balance that is required for normal functioning of WAT. We explain how both excessive and diminished levels of ROS, e.g. resulting from over supplementation with antioxidants, contribute to WAT dysfunction and subsequently insulin resistance.
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11
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Kirkwood JS, Miranda CL, Bobe G, Maier CS, Stevens JF. 18O-Tracer Metabolomics Reveals Protein Turnover and CDP-Choline Cycle Activity in Differentiating 3T3-L1 Pre-Adipocytes. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0157118. [PMID: 27275782 PMCID: PMC4898700 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0157118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2015] [Accepted: 05/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The differentiation of precursor cells into mature adipocytes (adipogenesis) has been an area of increased focus, spurred by a rise in obesity rates. Though our understanding of adipogenesis and its regulation at the cellular level is growing, many questions remain, especially regarding the regulation of the metabolome. The 3T3-L1 cell line is the most well characterized cellular model of adipogenesis. Using a time course metabolomics approach, we show that the 3T3-L1 preadipocyte metabolome is greatly altered during the first 48 hours of differentiation, where cells go through about two rounds of cell division, a process known as mitotic clonal expansion. Short-chain peptides were among several small molecules that were increased during mitotic clonal expansion. Additional indicators of protein turnover were also increased, including bilirubin, a degradation product of heme-containing proteins, and 3-methylhistidine, a post-translationally modified amino acid that is not reutilized for protein synthesis. To study the origin of the peptides, we treated differentiating preadipocytes with 18O labeled water and found that 18O was incorporated into the short chain peptides, confirming them, at least in part, as products of hydrolysis. Inhibitors of the proteasome or matrix metalloproteinases affected the peptide levels during differentiation, but inhibitors of autophagy or peptidases did not. 18O was also incorporated into several choline metabolites including cytidine 5'-diphosphocholine (CDP-choline), glycerophosphocholine, and several phosphatidylcholine species, indicative of phosphatidylcholine synthesis/degradation and of flux through the CDP-choline cycle, a hallmark of proliferating cells. 18O-Tracer metabolomics further showed metabolic labeling of glutamate, suggestive of glutaminolysis, also characteristic of proliferating cells. Together, these results highlight the utility of 18O isotope labeling in combination with metabolomics to uncover changes in cellular metabolism that are not detectable by time-resolved metabolomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jay S. Kirkwood
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, United States of America
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, United States of America
| | - Cristobal L. Miranda
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, United States of America
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, United States of America
| | - Gerd Bobe
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, United States of America
- Department of Animal and Rangeland Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, United States of America
| | - Claudia S. Maier
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, United States of America
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, United States of America
| | - Jan F. Stevens
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, United States of America
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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12
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Boyer F, Diotel N, Girard D, Rondeau P, Essop MF, Bourdon E. Enhanced oxidative stress in adipose tissue from diabetic mice, possible contribution of glycated albumin. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 473:154-160. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.03.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2016] [Accepted: 03/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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13
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Gondret F, Vincent A, Houée-Bigot M, Siegel A, Lagarrigue S, Louveau I, Causeur D. Molecular alterations induced by a high-fat high-fiber diet in porcine adipose tissues: variations according to the anatomical fat location. BMC Genomics 2016; 17:120. [PMID: 26892011 PMCID: PMC4758018 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-016-2438-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2015] [Accepted: 02/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Changing the energy and nutrient source for growing animals may be an effective way of limiting adipose tissue expansion, a response which may depend on the genetic background of the animals. This study aims to describe the transcriptional modulations present in the adipose tissues of two pig lines divergently selected for residual feed intake which were either fed a high-fat high-fiber (HF) diet or an isocaloric low-fat high-starch diet (LF). RESULTS Transcriptomic analysis using a porcine microarray was performed on 48 pigs (n = 12 per diet and per line) in both perirenal (PRAT) and subcutaneous (SCAT) adipose tissues. There was no interaction between diet and line on either adiposity or transcriptional profiles, so that the diet effect was inferred independently of the line. Irrespective of line, the relative weights of the two fat depots were lower in HF pigs than in LF pigs after 58 days on dietary treatment. In the two adipose tissues, the most apparent effect of the HF diet was the down-regulation of several genes associated with the ubiquitin-proteasome system, which therefore may be associated with dietary-induced modulations in genes acting in apoptotic and cell cycle regulatory pathways. Genes involved in glucose metabolic processes were also down-regulated by the HF diet, with no significant variation or decreased expression of important lipid-related genes such as the low-density lipoprotein receptor and leptin in the two fat pads. The master regulators of glucose and fatty acid homeostasis SREBF1 and MLXIPL, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)δ and its heterodimeric partner RXRA were down-regulated by the HF diet. PPARγ which has pleiotropic functions including lipid metabolism and adipocyte differentiation, was however up-regulated by this diet in PRAT and SCAT. Dietary-related modulations in the expression of genes associated with immunity and inflammation were mainly revealed in PRAT. CONCLUSION A high-fat high-fiber diet depressed glucose and lipid anabolic molecular pathways, thus counteracting adipose tissue expansion. Interaction effects between dietary intake of fiber and lipids on gene expression may modulate innate immunity and inflammation, a response which is of interest with regard to chronic inflammation and its adverse effects on health and performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florence Gondret
- INRA, UMR1348 Pegase, F-35590, Saint-Gilles, France. .,Agrocampus-Ouest, UMR1348 Pegase, F-35000, Rennes, France.
| | - Annie Vincent
- INRA, UMR1348 Pegase, F-35590, Saint-Gilles, France. .,Agrocampus-Ouest, UMR1348 Pegase, F-35000, Rennes, France.
| | | | - Anne Siegel
- CNRS-Université de Rennes 1-INRIA, UMR6074 IRISA, Campus de Beaulieu, 35042, Rennes, Cedex, France.
| | - Sandrine Lagarrigue
- INRA, UMR1348 Pegase, F-35590, Saint-Gilles, France. .,Agrocampus-Ouest, UMR1348 Pegase, F-35000, Rennes, France.
| | - Isabelle Louveau
- INRA, UMR1348 Pegase, F-35590, Saint-Gilles, France. .,Agrocampus-Ouest, UMR1348 Pegase, F-35000, Rennes, France.
| | - David Causeur
- Agrocampus-Ouest, UMR6625 IRMAR, F-35000, Rennes, France.
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Papaevgeniou N, Chondrogianni N. UPS Activation in the Battle Against Aging and Aggregation-Related Diseases: An Extended Review. Methods Mol Biol 2016; 1449:1-70. [PMID: 27613027 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-3756-1_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Aging is a biological process accompanied by gradual increase of damage in all cellular macromolecules, i.e., nucleic acids, lipids, and proteins. When the proteostasis network (chaperones and proteolytic systems) cannot reverse the damage load due to its excess as compared to cellular repair/regeneration capacity, failure of homeostasis is established. This failure is a major hallmark of aging and/or aggregation-related diseases. Dysfunction of the major cellular proteolytic machineries, namely the proteasome and the lysosome, has been reported during the progression of aging and aggregation-prone diseases. Therefore, activation of these pathways is considered as a possible preventive or therapeutic approach against the progression of these processes. This chapter focuses on UPS activation studies in cellular and organismal models and the effects of such activation on aging, longevity and disease prevention or reversal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikoletta Papaevgeniou
- Institute of Biology, Medicinal Chemistry and Biotechnology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 48 Vassileos Constantinou Ave., Athens, 11635, Greece
| | - Niki Chondrogianni
- Institute of Biology, Medicinal Chemistry and Biotechnology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 48 Vassileos Constantinou Ave., Athens, 11635, Greece.
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15
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Lam YY, Ghosh S, Civitarese AE, Ravussin E. Six-month Calorie Restriction in Overweight Individuals Elicits Transcriptomic Response in Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue That is Distinct From Effects of Energy Deficit. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2015; 71:1258-65. [PMID: 26486851 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glv194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2015] [Accepted: 10/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Calorie restriction confers health benefits distinct from energy deficit by exercise. We characterized the adipose-transcriptome to investigate the molecular basis of the differential phenotypic responses. Abdominal subcutaneous fat was collected from 24 overweight participants randomized in three groups (N = 8/group): weight maintenance (control), 25% energy deficit by calorie restriction alone (CR), and 25% energy deficit by calorie restriction with structured exercise (CREX). Within each group, gene expression was compared between 6 months and baseline with cutoffs at nominal p ≤ .01 and absolute fold-change ≥ 1.5. Gene-set enrichment analysis (false discovery rate < 5%) was used to identify significantly regulated biological pathways. CR and CREX elicited similar overall clinical response to energy deficit and a comparable reduction in gene transcription specific to oxidative phosphorylation and proteasome function. CR vastly outweighed CREX in the number of differentially regulated genes (88 vs 39) and pathways (28 vs 6). CR specifically downregulated the chemokine signaling-related pathways. Among the CR-regulated genes, 27 functioned as transcription/translation regulators (eg, mRNA processing or transcription/translation initiation), whereas CREX regulated only one gene in this category. Our data suggest that CR has a broader effect on the transcriptome compared with CREX which may mediate its specific impact on delaying primary aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Y Lam
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana. Boden Institute of Obesity, Nutrition, Exercise & Eating Disorders, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
| | - Sujoy Ghosh
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana. Centre for Computational Biology & Program in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore
| | - Anthony E Civitarese
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana. Novo Nordisk Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Eric Ravussin
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana
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16
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Díaz-Ruiz A, Guzmán-Ruiz R, Moreno NR, García-Rios A, Delgado-Casado N, Membrives A, Túnez I, El Bekay R, Fernández-Real JM, Tovar S, Diéguez C, Tinahones FJ, Vázquez-Martínez R, López-Miranda J, Malagón MM. Proteasome Dysfunction Associated to Oxidative Stress and Proteotoxicity in Adipocytes Compromises Insulin Sensitivity in Human Obesity. Antioxid Redox Signal 2015; 23:597-612. [PMID: 25714483 PMCID: PMC4554552 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2014.5939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Obesity is characterized by a low-grade systemic inflammatory state and adipose tissue (AT) dysfunction, which predispose individuals to the development of insulin resistance (IR) and metabolic disease. However, a subset of obese individuals, referred to as metabolically healthy obese (MHO) individuals, are protected from obesity-associated metabolic abnormalities. Here, we aim at identifying molecular factors and pathways in adipocytes that are responsible for the progression from the insulin-sensitive to the insulin-resistant, metabolically unhealthy obese (MUHO) phenotype. RESULTS Proteomic analysis of paired samples of adipocytes from subcutaneous (SC) and omental (OM) human AT revealed that both types of cells are altered in the MUHO state. Specifically, the glutathione redox cycle and other antioxidant defense systems as well as the protein-folding machinery were dysregulated and endoplasmic reticulum stress was increased in adipocytes from IR subjects. Moreover, proteasome activity was also compromised in adipocytes of MUHO individuals, which was associated with enhanced accumulation of oxidized and ubiquitinated proteins in these cells. Proteasome activity was also impaired in adipocytes of diet-induced obese mice and in 3T3-L1 adipocytes exposed to palmitate. In line with these data, proteasome inhibition significantly impaired insulin signaling in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. INNOVATION This study provides the first evidence of the occurrence of protein homeostasis deregulation in adipocytes in human obesity, which, together with oxidative damage, interferes with insulin signaling in these cells. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that proteasomal dysfunction and impaired proteostasis in adipocytes, resulting from protein oxidation and/or misfolding, constitute major pathogenic mechanisms in the development of IR in obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Díaz-Ruiz
- 1 Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica (IMIBIC)/Reina Sofia University Hospital/University of Córdoba , Córdoba, Spain .,2 CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III , Córdoba, Spain
| | - Rocío Guzmán-Ruiz
- 1 Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica (IMIBIC)/Reina Sofia University Hospital/University of Córdoba , Córdoba, Spain .,2 CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III , Córdoba, Spain
| | - Natalia R Moreno
- 1 Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica (IMIBIC)/Reina Sofia University Hospital/University of Córdoba , Córdoba, Spain .,2 CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III , Córdoba, Spain
| | - Antonio García-Rios
- 2 CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III , Córdoba, Spain .,3 Lipids and Atherosclerosis Unit, IMIBIC/Reina Sofia University Hospital/University of Córdoba , Córdoba, Spain
| | - Nieves Delgado-Casado
- 2 CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III , Córdoba, Spain .,3 Lipids and Atherosclerosis Unit, IMIBIC/Reina Sofia University Hospital/University of Córdoba , Córdoba, Spain
| | - Antonio Membrives
- 4 Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Cirugía General y Digestivo. Sección de Obesidad, IMIBIC/Reina Sofia University Hospital , Córdoba, Spain
| | - Isaac Túnez
- 5 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, IMIBIC/Reina Sofia University Hospital/University of Córdoba , Córdoba, Spain
| | - Rajaa El Bekay
- 2 CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III , Córdoba, Spain .,6 Biomedical Research Laboratory, Endocrinology Department, Hospital Virgen de la Victoria , Málaga, Spain
| | - José M Fernández-Real
- 2 CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III , Córdoba, Spain .,7 Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Institut d'Investigació Biomédica de Girona (IdIBGi) , Girona, Spain
| | - Sulay Tovar
- 2 CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III , Córdoba, Spain .,8 Department of Physiology, School of Medicine-CIMUS-Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias (IDIS), University of Santiago de Compostela , Santiago de Compostela, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Carlos Diéguez
- 2 CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III , Córdoba, Spain .,8 Department of Physiology, School of Medicine-CIMUS-Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias (IDIS), University of Santiago de Compostela , Santiago de Compostela, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Francisco J Tinahones
- 2 CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III , Córdoba, Spain .,6 Biomedical Research Laboratory, Endocrinology Department, Hospital Virgen de la Victoria , Málaga, Spain
| | - Rafael Vázquez-Martínez
- 1 Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica (IMIBIC)/Reina Sofia University Hospital/University of Córdoba , Córdoba, Spain .,2 CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III , Córdoba, Spain
| | - José López-Miranda
- 2 CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III , Córdoba, Spain .,3 Lipids and Atherosclerosis Unit, IMIBIC/Reina Sofia University Hospital/University of Córdoba , Córdoba, Spain
| | - María M Malagón
- 1 Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica (IMIBIC)/Reina Sofia University Hospital/University of Córdoba , Córdoba, Spain .,2 CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III , Córdoba, Spain
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17
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The amazing ubiquitin-proteasome system: structural components and implication in aging. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2014; 314:171-237. [PMID: 25619718 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2014.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Proteome quality control (PQC) is critical for the maintenance of cellular functionality and it is assured by the curating activity of the proteostasis network (PN). PN is constituted of several complex protein machines that under conditions of proteome instability aim to, firstly identify, and then, either rescue or degrade nonnative polypeptides. Central to the PN functionality is the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) which is composed from the ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes and the proteasome; the latter is a sophisticated multi-subunit molecular machine that functions in a bimodal way as it degrades both short-lived ubiquitinated normal proteins and nonfunctional polypeptides. UPS is also involved in PQC of the nucleus, the endoplasmic reticulum and the mitochondria and it also interacts with the other main cellular degradation axis, namely the autophagy-lysosome system. UPS functionality is optimum in the young organism but it is gradually compromised during aging resulting in increasing proteotoxic stress; these effects correlate not only with aging but also with most age-related diseases. Herein, we present a synopsis of the UPS components and of their functional alterations during cellular senescence or in vivo aging. We propose that mild UPS activation in the young organism will, likely, promote antiaging effects and/or suppress age-related diseases.
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18
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Rodriguez KA, Dodds SG, Strong R, Galvan V, Sharp ZD, Buffenstein R. Divergent tissue and sex effects of rapamycin on the proteasome-chaperone network of old mice. Front Mol Neurosci 2014; 7:83. [PMID: 25414638 PMCID: PMC4220119 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2014.00083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2014] [Accepted: 10/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Rapamycin, an allosteric inhibitor of the mTOR kinase, increases longevity in mice in a sex-specific manner. In contrast to the widely accepted theory that a loss of proteasome activity is detrimental to both life- and healthspan, biochemical studies in vitro reveal that rapamycin inhibits 20S proteasome peptidase activity. We tested if this unexpected finding is also evident after chronic rapamycin treatment in vivo by measuring peptidase activities for both the 26S and 20S proteasome in liver, fat, and brain tissues of old, male and female mice fed encapsulated chow containing 2.24 mg/kg (14 ppm) rapamycin for 6 months. Further we assessed if rapamycin altered expression of the chaperone proteins known to interact with the proteasome-mediated degradation system (PMDS), heat shock factor 1 (HSF1), and the levels of key mTOR pathway proteins. Rapamycin had little effect on liver proteasome activity in either gender, but increased proteasome activity in female brain lysates and lowered its activity in female fat tissue. Rapamycin-induced changes in molecular chaperone levels were also more substantial in tissues from female animals. Furthermore, mTOR pathway proteins showed more significant changes in female tissues compared to those from males. These data show collectively that there are divergent tissue and sex effects of rapamycin on the proteasome-chaperone network and that these may be linked to the disparate effects of rapamycin on males and females. Further our findings suggest that rapamycin induces indirect regulation of the PMDS/heat-shock response through its modulation of the mTOR pathway rather than via direct interactions between rapamycin and the proteasome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl A Rodriguez
- Sam and Ann Barshop Institute for Aging and Longevity Studies, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio San Antonio, TX, USA ; Department of Physiology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Sherry G Dodds
- Sam and Ann Barshop Institute for Aging and Longevity Studies, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio San Antonio, TX, USA ; Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Randy Strong
- Sam and Ann Barshop Institute for Aging and Longevity Studies, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio San Antonio, TX, USA ; Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Veronica Galvan
- Sam and Ann Barshop Institute for Aging and Longevity Studies, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio San Antonio, TX, USA ; Department of Physiology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Z D Sharp
- Sam and Ann Barshop Institute for Aging and Longevity Studies, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio San Antonio, TX, USA ; Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Rochelle Buffenstein
- Sam and Ann Barshop Institute for Aging and Longevity Studies, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio San Antonio, TX, USA ; Department of Physiology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio San Antonio, TX, USA
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Rodriguez KA, Osmulski PA, Pierce A, Weintraub ST, Gaczynska M, Buffenstein R. A cytosolic protein factor from the naked mole-rat activates proteasomes of other species and protects these from inhibition. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2014; 1842:2060-72. [PMID: 25018089 PMCID: PMC4829350 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2014.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2014] [Revised: 06/11/2014] [Accepted: 07/03/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The naked mole-rat maintains robust proteostasis and high levels of proteasome-mediated proteolysis for most of its exceptional (~31years) life span. Here, we report that the highly active proteasome from the naked mole-rat liver resists attenuation by a diverse suite of proteasome-specific small molecule inhibitors. Moreover, mouse, human, and yeast proteasomes exposed to the proteasome-depleted, naked mole-rat cytosolic fractions, recapitulate the observed inhibition resistance, and mammalian proteasomes also show increased activity. Gel filtration coupled with mass spectrometry and atomic force microscopy indicates that these traits are supported by a protein factor that resides in the cytosol. This factor interacts with the proteasome and modulates its activity. Although Heat shock protein 72 kDa (HSP72) and Heat shock protein 40 kDa (Homolog of bacterial DNAJ1) (HSP40(Hdj1)) are among the constituents of this factor, the observed phenomenon, such as increasing peptidase activity and protecting against inhibition cannot be reconciled with any known chaperone functions. This novel function may contribute to the exceptional protein homeostasis in the naked mole-rat and allow it to successfully defy aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl A Rodriguez
- Sam and Ann Barshop Institute for Aging and Longevity Studies, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 15355 Lambda Dr., San Antonio, TX 78245, USA; Department of Physiology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Pawel A Osmulski
- Sam and Ann Barshop Institute for Aging and Longevity Studies, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 15355 Lambda Dr., San Antonio, TX 78245, USA; Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 15355 Lambda Dr., San Antonio, TX 78245, USA
| | - Anson Pierce
- Mitchell Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Boulevard, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Susan T Weintraub
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Maria Gaczynska
- Sam and Ann Barshop Institute for Aging and Longevity Studies, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 15355 Lambda Dr., San Antonio, TX 78245, USA; Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 15355 Lambda Dr., San Antonio, TX 78245, USA
| | - Rochelle Buffenstein
- Sam and Ann Barshop Institute for Aging and Longevity Studies, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 15355 Lambda Dr., San Antonio, TX 78245, USA; Department of Physiology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA.
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20
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Ghosh AK, Garg SK, Mau T, O'Brien M, Liu J, Yung R. Elevated Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Response Contributes to Adipose Tissue Inflammation in Aging. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2014; 70:1320-9. [PMID: 25324219 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glu186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2014] [Accepted: 09/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue inflammation has been linked to age-related metabolic diseases. However, the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. Adipose tissue inflammation and insulin resistance in diet associated obesity has been correlated with aberrant endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. This study was undertaken to test our hypothesis that increased ER stress response contributes to age-associated adipose tissue inflammation. We found elevated ER stress response in adipose tissue of old (18-20 months) compared to young (4-6 months) mice. Elevated ER stress markers BIP (GRP78), CHOP, cleaved-ATF-6, phospho-IRE1α, and XBP-1 were observed in old compared to young adipose tissue stromal cells. Additionally, old adipose tissue stromal cells were more sensitive to an ER stress inducer, thapsigargin. Similar experiments with adipose tissue macrophages showed elevated Chop and Bip expression in old adipose tissue macrophages when induced with thapsigargin. Treatment of chemical chaperone 4-phenyle-butyric acid alleviated ER stress in adipose tissue stromal cells and adipose tissue macrophages and attenuated the production of IL-6 and MCP-1 by adipose tissue stromal cells, and TNF-α by adipose tissue macrophages from both young and old mice. Finally, old mice fed with 4-phenyle-butyric acid have reduced expression of ER stress and inflammatory cytokine genes. Our data suggests that an exaggerated ER stress response in aging adipose tissue contributes to age-associated inflammation that can be mitigated by treatment with chemical chaperones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amiya Kumar Ghosh
- Division of Geriatrics and Palliative Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
| | - Sanjay Kumar Garg
- Division of Geriatrics and Palliative Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
| | - Theresa Mau
- Division of Geriatrics and Palliative Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
| | - Martin O'Brien
- Division of Geriatrics and Palliative Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
| | - Jianhua Liu
- Division of Geriatrics and Palliative Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
| | - Raymond Yung
- Division of Geriatrics and Palliative Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor. Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Care Center (GRECC), VA Ann Arbor Health System, Michigan.
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21
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Myers JN, Schäffer MW, Korolkova OY, Williams AD, Gangula PR, M’Koma AE. Implications of the colonic deposition of free hemoglobin-α chain: a previously unknown tissue by-product in inflammatory bowel disease. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2014; 20:1530-47. [PMID: 25078150 PMCID: PMC4134710 DOI: 10.1097/mib.0000000000000144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We analyzed inflamed mucosal/submucosal layers of ulcerative colitis (UC = 63) and Crohn's colitis (CC = 50), and unexpectedly, we unveiled a pool of free hemoglobin alpha (Hb-α) chain. Patients with colitides have increased reactive oxidative stress (ROS), DNA oxidation products, free iron in mucosa, in preneoplastic, and in colitis-cancers and increased risks of developing colorectal cancer. All inflammatory bowel disease-related colorectal cancer lesions are found in segments with colitis. Linking this information, we investigated whether free Hb-α is key transformational stepping that increases colitis-related colorectal cancer vulnerability. METHODS UC/CC samples were profiled using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry; protein identification was made by liquid chromatography. Diverticulitis was used as control (Ctrl). The presence of Hb(n) (n = α, β, or hemin)/Hb was validated by Western blotting and immunohistochemistry. We tested for DNA damage (DNAD) by exposing normal colonic epithelial cell line, NCM460, to 10 μM and 100 μM of Hb(n)/Hb, individually for 2, 6, and 12 hours. Quantification of Hb-α staining was done by Nikon Elements Advance Research Analysis software. ROS was measured by the production of 8-OHdG. DNAD was assessed by Comet assay. Colonic tissue homogenate antioxidants Nrf2-, CAT-, SOD-, and GPx-expressions were analyzed densitometrically/normalized by β-actin. RESULTS Immunohistochemistry of CC/UC mucosal/submucosal compartments stained strongly positive for Hb-α and significantly higher versus Ctrl. NCM460 exposed to Hb(n)/Hb exhibited steadily increasing ROS and subsequent DNAD. DNAD was higher in 10 μM than 100 μM in Hb-β/hemin the first 2 hours then plateaued followed by DNAD repair. This may be likely due to apoptosis in the later concentration. Nrf2 enzyme activities among UC, CC, and ulcerative colitis-associated colon cancer (UCAC) were observed impaired in all inflammatory bowel disease subjects. Decreased levels of Nrf2 among patients with UC versus patients with CC with active disease were insignificant as well as versus Ctrls but significantly lower in UCAC versus Ctrl. SOD was decreased in UC and UCAC and GPx in CC but statistically not significant. Comparing CC versus UC, SOD was significantly lower in CC (P < 0.05). CAT was observed increased among patients with CC/UC/UCAC and GPx in UC and UCAC versus Ctrl, respectively, and significantly increased in CC versus Ctrl (P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS In the colitides, mucosal/submucosal tissue microenvironments demonstrated pool of free Hb-α chain. In vitro exposure of NCM460 cells to Hb(n)/Hb induced ROS and DNAD. Toxic effect of free Hb-α, in colonic epithelial cells, is therefore through production of ROS formation modulated by impairment of antioxidant effects. Targeting reduction-oxidation-sensitive pathways and transcription factors may offer options for inflammatory bowel disease-management and colitis-related cancer prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy N. Myers
- Department of Biochemistry and Cancer Biology, Meharry Medical College School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Michael W. Schäffer
- Department of Biochemistry and Cancer Biology, Meharry Medical College School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Olga Y. Korolkova
- Department of Biochemistry and Cancer Biology, Meharry Medical College School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Amanda D. Williams
- Department of Biochemistry and Cancer Biology, Meharry Medical College School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Pandu R. Gangula
- Department of Physiology, Meharry Medical College School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Amosy E. M’Koma
- Department of Biochemistry and Cancer Biology, Meharry Medical College School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
- Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
- Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
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Chondrogianni N, Sakellari M, Lefaki M, Papaevgeniou N, Gonos ES. Proteasome activation delays aging in vitro and in vivo. Free Radic Biol Med 2014; 71:303-320. [PMID: 24681338 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2014.03.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2014] [Revised: 03/18/2014] [Accepted: 03/18/2014] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Aging is a natural biological process that is characterized by a progressive accumulation of macromolecular damage. In the proteome, aging is accompanied by decreased protein homeostasis and function of the major cellular proteolytic systems, leading to the accumulation of unfolded, misfolded, or aggregated proteins. In particular, the proteasome is responsible for the removal of normal as well as damaged or misfolded proteins. Extensive work during the past several years has clearly demonstrated that proteasome activation by either genetic means or use of compounds significantly retards aging. Importantly, this represents a common feature across evolution, thereby suggesting proteasome activation to be an evolutionarily conserved mechanism of aging and longevity regulation. This review article reports on the means of function of these proteasome activators and how they regulate aging in various species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niki Chondrogianni
- National Hellenic Research Foundation, Institute of Biology, Medicinal Chemistry, and Biotechnology, 116 35 Athens, Greece.
| | - Marianthi Sakellari
- National Hellenic Research Foundation, Institute of Biology, Medicinal Chemistry, and Biotechnology, 116 35 Athens, Greece; Örebro University Medical School, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Maria Lefaki
- National Hellenic Research Foundation, Institute of Biology, Medicinal Chemistry, and Biotechnology, 116 35 Athens, Greece
| | - Nikoletta Papaevgeniou
- National Hellenic Research Foundation, Institute of Biology, Medicinal Chemistry, and Biotechnology, 116 35 Athens, Greece
| | - Efstathios S Gonos
- National Hellenic Research Foundation, Institute of Biology, Medicinal Chemistry, and Biotechnology, 116 35 Athens, Greece; Örebro University Medical School, Örebro, Sweden
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Rönn T, Volkov P, Tornberg Å, Elgzyri T, Hansson O, Eriksson KF, Groop L, Ling C. Extensive changes in the transcriptional profile of human adipose tissue including genes involved in oxidative phosphorylation after a 6-month exercise intervention. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2014; 211:188-200. [PMID: 24495239 DOI: 10.1111/apha.12247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2013] [Revised: 11/21/2013] [Accepted: 01/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
AIM Adipose tissue has an important function in total energy homeostasis, and its dysregulation may contribute to lifestyle-related diseases such as type 2 diabetes, cancer and cardiovascular diseases. The aim of this study was to investigate genome-wide mRNA expression in adipose tissue in healthy men before and after an exercise intervention to identify genes or pathways that mediate the beneficial effect of regular exercise. We also investigated the difference in adipose tissue mRNA expression between individuals with or without a family history of type 2 diabetes. METHODS The 6-month supervised exercise intervention was conducted in 47 healthy men (age 37.8 ± 4.3 years, BMI 28.5 ± 3.6 kg m(-2) ) with a previous low level of physical activity. RNA was analysed using GeneChip Human Gene 1.0 ST arrays (Affymetrix) before and after the exercise. RESULTS We identified 2,560 significant transcripts differentially expressed before vs. after exercise with a false discovery rate (FDR) < 0.1%, including genes encoding the respiratory chain, histone subunits, small nucleolar RNAs and ribosomal proteins. Additionally, pathways enriched in response to exercise include the ribosome, oxidative phosphorylation, proteasome and many metabolic pathways, whereas the WNT and MAPK signalling pathways were down-regulated (FDR < 5%) after exercise. There were no significant differences in mRNA expression between individuals with or without a family history of type 2 diabetes. CONCLUSION Exercise increased the expression of genes involved in oxidative phosphorylation, which is the opposite of what has been seen in adipose tissue from elderly or obese individuals with low physical fitness, and our study thereby demonstrates a mechanism for the beneficial effect of exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- T. Rönn
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Epigenetics and Diabetes; Lund University Diabetes Centre; CRC; Malmö Sweden
| | - P. Volkov
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Epigenetics and Diabetes; Lund University Diabetes Centre; CRC; Malmö Sweden
| | - Å. Tornberg
- Genetic & Molecular Epidemiology Unit; Lund University Diabetes Centre; CRC; Malmö Sweden
- Department of Health Sciences; Division of Physiotherapy; Lund University; Lund Sweden
| | - T. Elgzyri
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Diabetes and Endocrinology; Lund University Diabetes Centre; CRC; Malmö Sweden
| | - O. Hansson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Diabetes and Endocrinology; Lund University Diabetes Centre; CRC; Malmö Sweden
| | - K.-F. Eriksson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Vascular Diseases; Lund University; Malmö Sweden
| | - L. Groop
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Diabetes and Endocrinology; Lund University Diabetes Centre; CRC; Malmö Sweden
| | - C. Ling
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Epigenetics and Diabetes; Lund University Diabetes Centre; CRC; Malmö Sweden
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Gao Y, Kalkhoven E. TIPping the balance in adipogenesis: USP7-mediated stabilization of Tip60. Adipocyte 2014; 3:160-5. [PMID: 24719792 DOI: 10.4161/adip.28307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2013] [Revised: 02/20/2014] [Accepted: 02/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Adipogenesis is regulated by a complex interplay between transcription factors, in concert with-among others-transcriptional cofactors, signaling cascades and miRNAs. Several studies have implicated the transcriptional cofactor and acetyltransferase Tip60 in PPARγ signaling and adipocyte differentiation. Since Tip60 protein levels, but not mRNA levels, are upregulated during adipogenesis, and since Tip60 can be degraded by the proteasome, we hypothesized that Tip60 protein may be stabilized through deubiquitination during adipogenesis. Indeed, Tip60 is protected from proteasomal degeradation by the deubiquitinase USP7, which is particularly important for mitotic clonal expansion (MCE), an early step in adipogenesis. Besides this novel role in early differentiation, earlier studies indicated that Tip60 is also important during the later stages of differentiation, indicating a dual role for this protein in adipogenesis. Our recent study sheds new light on the role of Tip60 in cellular differentiation and provide new insights into the importance of a regulatory process that has not been studied intensively in adipogenesis: protein (de)ubiquitination.
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Chondrogianni N, Petropoulos I, Grimm S, Georgila K, Catalgol B, Friguet B, Grune T, Gonos ES. Protein damage, repair and proteolysis. Mol Aspects Med 2012; 35:1-71. [PMID: 23107776 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2012.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2012] [Accepted: 09/26/2012] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Proteins are continuously affected by various intrinsic and extrinsic factors. Damaged proteins influence several intracellular pathways and result in different disorders and diseases. Aggregation of damaged proteins depends on the balance between their generation and their reversal or elimination by protein repair systems and degradation, respectively. With regard to protein repair, only few repair mechanisms have been evidenced including the reduction of methionine sulfoxide residues by the methionine sulfoxide reductases, the conversion of isoaspartyl residues to L-aspartate by L-isoaspartate methyl transferase and deglycation by phosphorylation of protein-bound fructosamine by fructosamine-3-kinase. Protein degradation is orchestrated by two major proteolytic systems, namely the lysosome and the proteasome. Alteration of the function for both systems has been involved in all aspects of cellular metabolic networks linked to either normal or pathological processes. Given the importance of protein repair and degradation, great effort has recently been made regarding the modulation of these systems in various physiological conditions such as aging, as well as in diseases. Genetic modulation has produced promising results in the area of protein repair enzymes but there are not yet any identified potent inhibitors, and, to our knowledge, only one activating compound has been reported so far. In contrast, different drugs as well as natural compounds that interfere with proteolysis have been identified and/or developed resulting in homeostatic maintenance and/or the delay of disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niki Chondrogianni
- Institute of Biology, Medicinal Chemistry and Biotechnology, National Helenic Research Foundation, 48 Vas. Constantinou Ave., 116 35 Athens, Greece.
| | - Isabelle Petropoulos
- Laboratoire de Biologie Cellulaire du Vieillissement, UR4-UPMC, IFR 83, Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6, 4 Place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Stefanie Grimm
- Department of Nutritional Toxicology, Institute of Nutrition, Friedrich-Schiller University, Dornburger Straße 24, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Konstantina Georgila
- Institute of Biology, Medicinal Chemistry and Biotechnology, National Helenic Research Foundation, 48 Vas. Constantinou Ave., 116 35 Athens, Greece
| | - Betul Catalgol
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Genetic and Metabolic Diseases Research Center (GEMHAM), Marmara University, Haydarpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Bertrand Friguet
- Laboratoire de Biologie Cellulaire du Vieillissement, UR4-UPMC, IFR 83, Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6, 4 Place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Tilman Grune
- Department of Nutritional Toxicology, Institute of Nutrition, Friedrich-Schiller University, Dornburger Straße 24, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Efstathios S Gonos
- Institute of Biology, Medicinal Chemistry and Biotechnology, National Helenic Research Foundation, 48 Vas. Constantinou Ave., 116 35 Athens, Greece.
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Dasuri K, Ebenezer P, Fernandez-Kim SO, Zhang L, Gao Z, Bruce-Keller AJ, Freeman LR, Keller JN. Role of physiological levels of 4-hydroxynonenal on adipocyte biology: implications for obesity and metabolic syndrome. Free Radic Res 2012; 47:8-19. [PMID: 23025469 DOI: 10.3109/10715762.2012.733003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Lipid peroxidation products such as 4-hydroxynonenal (HNE) are known to be increased in response to oxidative stress, and are known to cause dysfunction and pathology in a variety of tissues during periods of oxidative stress. The aim of the current study was to determine the chronic (repeated HNE exposure) and acute effects of physiological concentrations of HNE toward multiple aspects of adipocyte biology using differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Our studies demonstrate that acute and repeated exposure of adipocytes to physiological concentrations of HNE is sufficient to promote subsequent oxidative stress, impaired adipogenesis, alter the expression of adipokines, and increase lipolytic gene expression and subsequent increase in free fatty acid (FFA) release. These results provide an insight in to the role of HNE-induced oxidative stress in regulation of adipocyte differentiation and adipose dysfunction. Taken together, these data indicate a potential role for HNE promoting diverse effects toward adipocyte homeostasis and adipocyte differentiation, which may be important to the pathogenesis observed in obesity and metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalavathi Dasuri
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center , Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA
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Manku G, Wing SS, Culty M. Expression of the Ubiquitin Proteasome System in Neonatal Rat Gonocytes and Spermatogonia: Role in Gonocyte Differentiation1. Biol Reprod 2012; 87:44. [DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.112.099143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
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Jana NR. Protein homeostasis and aging: role of ubiquitin protein ligases. Neurochem Int 2012; 60:443-7. [PMID: 22353631 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2012.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2011] [Revised: 01/27/2012] [Accepted: 02/06/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Protein homeostasis is fundamental in normal cellular function and cell survival. The ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) plays a central role in maintaining the protein homeostasis network through selective elimination of misfolded and damaged proteins. Impaired function of UPS is implicated in normal aging process and also in several age-related neurodegenerative disorders that are characterized by increased accumulation oxidatively modified proteins and protein aggregates. Growing literature also indicate the potential role of various ubiquitin protein ligases in the regulation of aging process by enhancing the degradation of either central lifespan regulators or abnormally folded and damaged proteins. This review mainly focuses on our current understanding of the importance of UPS function in the regulation of normal aging process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nihar Ranjan Jana
- Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience Laboratory, National Brain Research Centre, Manesar, Gurgaon-122050, India.
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Changes of the Proteasomal System During the Aging Process. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2012; 109:249-75. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-397863-9.00007-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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