1
|
Sachs BC, Williams BJ, Gaussoin SA, Baker LD, Manson JE, Espeland MA, Sesso HD, Shumaker SA, Rapp SR. Impact of multivitamin-mineral and cocoa extract on incidence of mild cognitive impairment and dementia: Results from the COcoa Supplement and Multivitamin Outcomes Study for the Mind (COSMOS-Mind). Alzheimers Dement 2023; 19:4863-4871. [PMID: 37035889 PMCID: PMC10562510 DOI: 10.1002/alz.13078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION We assessed the effects of multivitamin-mineral and cocoa extract supplementation on incident mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and all-cause probable dementia. METHODS COSMOS-Mind (N = 2262), a 2 × 2 factorial, randomized-controlled clinical trial administered a telephone-based cognitive battery at baseline and annually for 3 years. Incidence rates of MCI, and separately dementia, were compared among treatment arms with proportional hazards regression. RESULTS Over 3 years, 110 incident MCI and 14 incident dementia cases were adjudicated. Incidence rates did not vary by assignment to multivitamin-mineral or cocoa extract (all p's ≥ 0.05); however, statistical power was low. When participants assigned to multivitamin-mineral versus placebo converted to MCI, their scores for global cognition (p = 0.03) and executive function (p < 0.001) were higher and had declined less relative to the previous year (p = 0.03 for global cognition; p = 0.004 for executive function). DISCUSSION Multivitamin-mineral therapy may provide cognitive resilience, countering conversion to MCI, but not significantly reduce its incidence over 3 years. HIGHLIGHTS Multivitamin-mineral supplementation did not reduce risks for cognitive impairment. Cocoa extract supplementation did not reduce risks for cognitive impairment. Multivitamin-mineral supplementation slowed cognitive declines for incident mild cognitive impairment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bonnie C. Sachs
- Department of Neurology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, 27157, U.S.A
- Department of Internal Medicine-Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, 27157, U.S.A
| | - Benjamin J. Williams
- Department of Neurology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, 27157, U.S.A
| | - Sarah A. Gaussoin
- Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, Division of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, 27157, U.S.A
| | - Laura D. Baker
- Department of Internal Medicine-Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, 27157, U.S.A
- Department of Social Sciences and Health Policy, Division of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, 27157, U.S.A
| | - JoAnn E. Manson
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, 02215, U.S.A
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, 02115, U.S.A
| | - Mark A. Espeland
- Department of Internal Medicine-Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, 27157, U.S.A
- Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, Division of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, 27157, U.S.A
| | - Howard D. Sesso
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, 02215, U.S.A
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, 02115, U.S.A
| | - Sally A. Shumaker
- Department of Social Sciences and Health Policy, Division of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, 27157, U.S.A
| | - Stephen R. Rapp
- Department of Social Sciences and Health Policy, Division of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, 27157, U.S.A
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, 27157, U.S.A
| | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Oxidative Stress in Brain in Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12020462. [PMID: 36830020 PMCID: PMC9952700 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12020462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Amnestic mild cognitive impairment (MCI), arguably the earliest clinical stage of Alzheimer disease (AD), is characterized by normal activities of daily living but with memory issues but no dementia. Oxidative stress, with consequent damaged key proteins and lipids, are prominent even in this early state of AD. This review article outlines oxidative stress in MCI and how this can account for neuronal loss and potential therapeutic strategies to slow progression to AD.
Collapse
|
3
|
Crawford DR, Surh YJ. The effects of diet on human redox state. Free Radic Biol Med 2022; 179:337-338. [PMID: 34801665 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.11.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dana R Crawford
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Disease, Albany Medical College, 43 New Scotland Avenue, Albany, NY, USA, 12208.
| | - Young-Joon Surh
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-742, South Korea.
| |
Collapse
|