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Shen P, Deng X, Li T, Chen X, Wu X. Demethylzeylasteral protects against renal interstitial fibrosis by attenuating mitochondrial complex I-mediated oxidative stress. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 327:117986. [PMID: 38437887 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.117986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Renal interstitial fibrosis (RIF) is a main pathological process in chronic kidney disease (CKD). Demethylzeylasteral (DML), a major component of Tripterygium wilfordii Hook. f., has anti-renal fibrosis effects. However, its mechanism of action remains incompletely understood. AIM OF THE STUDY The present study was designed to comprehensively examine the effects of DML on RIF and the underlying mechanisms. MATERIALS AND METHODS Pathological experiments were performed to determine the therapeutic effect of DML on a mouse model of UUO-induced RIF. To determine the novel mechanisms underlying the therapeutic effects of DML against RIF, a comprehensive transcriptomics analysis was performed on renal tissues, which was further verified by a series of experiments. RESULTS Pathological and immunohistochemical staining showed that DML inhibited UUO-induced renal damage and reduced the expression of fibrosis-related proteins in mice. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that the partial subunits of mitochondrial complex (MC) I and II may be targets by which DML protects against RIF. Furthermore, DML treatment reduced mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, consequently promoting ATP production and mitigating oxidative stress-induced injury in mice and cells. Notably, this protective effect was attributed to the inhibition of MC I activity, suggesting a crucial role for this specific complex in mediating the therapeutic effects of DML against RIF. CONCLUSIONS This study provides compelling evidence that DML may be used to treat RIF by effectively suppressing mitochondrial oxidative stress injury mediated by MC I. These findings offer valuable insights into the pharmacological mechanisms of DML and its potential clinical application for patients with CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Shen
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, China.
| | - Xuan Deng
- Department of Nephrology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, China.
| | - Tingting Li
- Department of Integrated Chinese Traditional and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China
| | - Xiaoqi Chen
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, China.
| | - Xiaoyan Wu
- Department of Nephrology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, China.
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Liu S, Wang M, Xiao H, Ye J, Cao L, Li W, Sun G. Advancements in research on the effects of panax notoginseng saponin constituents in ameliorating learning and memory disorders. Heliyon 2024; 10:e28581. [PMID: 38586351 PMCID: PMC10998096 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e28581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Learning and memory disorder is a cluster of symptoms caused by neuronal aging and other diseases of the central nervous system (CNS). Panax notoginseng saponins (PNS) are a series of saponins derived from the natural active ingredients of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) that have neuroprotective effects on the central nervous system. In this paper, we review the ameliorative effects and mechanisms of Panax notoginseng saponin-like components on learning and memory disorders to provide valuable references and insights for the development of new drugs for the treatment of learning and memory disorders. Our summary results suggest that Panax ginseng saponins have significant effects on improving learning and memory disorders, and these effects and potential mechanisms are mediated by their anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, antioxidant, β-amyloid lowering, mitochondrial homeostasis in vivo, neuronal structure and function improving, neurogenesis promoting, neurotransmitter release regulating, and probiotic homeostasis in vivo activities. These findings suggest the potential of Panax notoginseng saponin-like constituents as drug candidates for improving learning and memory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shusen Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
- School of Pharmacy, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, 150076, China
| | - Min Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Haiyan Xiao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jingxue Ye
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Li Cao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Wenlan Li
- School of Pharmacy, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, 150076, China
| | - Guibo Sun
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
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Nguyen YND, Jeong JH, Sharma N, Tran NKC, Tran HYP, Dang DK, Park JH, Byun JK, Ko SK, Nah SY, Kim HC, Shin EJ. Ginsenoside Re protects against kainate-induced neurotoxicity in mice by attenuating mitochondrial dysfunction through activation of the signal transducers and activators of transcription 3 signaling. Free Radic Res 2024; 58:276-292. [PMID: 38613520 DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2024.2341885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024]
Abstract
It was demonstrated that ginsenosides exert anti-convulsive potentials and interleukin-6 (IL-6) is protective from excitotoxicity induced by kainate (KA), a model of temporal lobe epilepsy. Ginsenosides-mediated mitochondrial recovery is essential for attenuating KA-induced neurotoxicity, however, little is known about the effects of ginsenoside Re (GRe), one of the major ginsenosides. In this study, GRe significantly attenuated KA-induced seizures in mice. KA-induced redox changes were more evident in mitochondrial fraction than in cytosolic fraction in the hippocampus of mice. GRe significantly attenuated KA-induced mitochondrial oxidative stress (i.e. increases in reactive oxygen species, 4-hydroxynonenal, and protein carbonyl) and mitochondrial dysfunction (i.e. the increase in intra-mitochondrial Ca2+ and the decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential). GRe or mitochondrial protectant cyclosporin A restored phospho-signal transducers and activators of transcription 3 (STAT3) and IL-6 levels reduced by KA, and the effects of GRe were reversed by the JAK2 inhibitor AG490 and the mitochondrial toxin 3-nitropropionic acid (3-NP). Thus, we used IL-6 knockout (KO) mice to investigate whether the interaction between STAT3 and IL-6 is involved in the GRe effects. Importantly, KA-induced reduction of manganese superoxide dismutase (SOD-2) levels and neurodegeneration (i.e. astroglial inhibition, microglial activation, and neuronal loss) were more prominent in IL-6 KO than in wild-type (WT) mice. These KA-induced detrimental effects were attenuated by GRe in WT and, unexpectedly, IL-6 KO mice, which were counteracted by AG490 and 3-NP. Our results suggest that GRe attenuates KA-induced neurodegeneration via modulating mitochondrial oxidative burden, mitochondrial dysfunction, and STAT3 signaling in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yen Nhi Doan Nguyen
- Neuropsychopharmacology and Toxicology Program, College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chunchon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hoon Jeong
- Department of Global Innovative Drugs, Graduate School of Chung-Ang University, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Naveen Sharma
- Neuropsychopharmacology and Toxicology Program, College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chunchon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Global Innovative Drugs, Graduate School of Chung-Ang University, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ngoc Kim Cuong Tran
- Neuropsychopharmacology and Toxicology Program, College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chunchon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hoang-Yen Phi Tran
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam, Ho Chi Minh City
| | - Duy-Khanh Dang
- Department of Pharmacy, Can Tho University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Can Tho City, Viet Nam, Ho Chi Minh City
| | - Jung Hoon Park
- Neuropsychopharmacology and Toxicology Program, College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chunchon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Kyung Byun
- Korea Society of Forest Environmental Research, Namyangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Kwon Ko
- Department of Oriental Medical Food & Nutrition, Semyung University, Jecheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Yeol Nah
- Ginsentology Research Laboratory and Department of Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyoung-Chun Kim
- Neuropsychopharmacology and Toxicology Program, College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chunchon, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Joo Shin
- Neuropsychopharmacology and Toxicology Program, College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chunchon, Republic of Korea
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Zhao F, Zhang K, Chen H, Zhang T, Zhao J, Lv Q, Yu Q, Ruan M, Cui R, Li B. Therapeutic potential and possible mechanisms of ginseng for depression associated with COVID-19. Inflammopharmacology 2024; 32:229-247. [PMID: 38012459 PMCID: PMC10907431 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-023-01380-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Recently, a global outbreak of COVID-19 has rapidly spread to various national regions. As the number of COVID-19 patients has increased, some of those infected with SARS-CoV-2 have developed a variety of psychiatric symptoms, including depression, cognitive impairment, and fatigue. A distinct storm of inflammatory factors that contribute to the initial disease but also a persistent post-acute phase syndrome has been reported in patients with COVID-19. Neuropsychological symptoms including depression, cognitive impairment, and fatigue are closely related to circulating and local (brain) inflammatory factors. Natural products are currently being examined for their ability to treat numerous complications caused by COVID-19. Among them, ginseng has anti-inflammatory, immune system stimulating, neuroendocrine modulating, and other effects, which may help improve psychiatric symptoms. This review summarizes the basic mechanisms of COVID-19 pneumonia, psychiatric symptoms following coronavirus infections, effects of ginseng on depression, restlessness, and other psychiatric symptoms associated with post-COVID syn-dromes, as well as possible mechanisms underlying these effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangyi Zhao
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Molecular and Chemical Genetics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
- Engineering Laboratory for Screening of Antidepressant Drugs, Jilin Province Development and Reform Commission, Changchun, People's Republic of China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Target of Traditional Chinese Medicine with Anti-Depressive Effect, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai Zhang
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Molecular and Chemical Genetics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
- Engineering Laboratory for Screening of Antidepressant Drugs, Jilin Province Development and Reform Commission, Changchun, People's Republic of China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Target of Traditional Chinese Medicine with Anti-Depressive Effect, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongyu Chen
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Molecular and Chemical Genetics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
- Engineering Laboratory for Screening of Antidepressant Drugs, Jilin Province Development and Reform Commission, Changchun, People's Republic of China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Target of Traditional Chinese Medicine with Anti-Depressive Effect, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianqi Zhang
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Molecular and Chemical Genetics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
- Engineering Laboratory for Screening of Antidepressant Drugs, Jilin Province Development and Reform Commission, Changchun, People's Republic of China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Target of Traditional Chinese Medicine with Anti-Depressive Effect, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiayu Zhao
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Molecular and Chemical Genetics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
- Engineering Laboratory for Screening of Antidepressant Drugs, Jilin Province Development and Reform Commission, Changchun, People's Republic of China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Target of Traditional Chinese Medicine with Anti-Depressive Effect, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Qianyu Lv
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Molecular and Chemical Genetics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
- Engineering Laboratory for Screening of Antidepressant Drugs, Jilin Province Development and Reform Commission, Changchun, People's Republic of China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Target of Traditional Chinese Medicine with Anti-Depressive Effect, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Qin Yu
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Molecular and Chemical Genetics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
- Engineering Laboratory for Screening of Antidepressant Drugs, Jilin Province Development and Reform Commission, Changchun, People's Republic of China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Target of Traditional Chinese Medicine with Anti-Depressive Effect, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengyu Ruan
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Molecular and Chemical Genetics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
- Engineering Laboratory for Screening of Antidepressant Drugs, Jilin Province Development and Reform Commission, Changchun, People's Republic of China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Target of Traditional Chinese Medicine with Anti-Depressive Effect, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Ranji Cui
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Molecular and Chemical Genetics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
- Engineering Laboratory for Screening of Antidepressant Drugs, Jilin Province Development and Reform Commission, Changchun, People's Republic of China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Target of Traditional Chinese Medicine with Anti-Depressive Effect, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Bingjin Li
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Molecular and Chemical Genetics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China.
- Engineering Laboratory for Screening of Antidepressant Drugs, Jilin Province Development and Reform Commission, Changchun, People's Republic of China.
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Target of Traditional Chinese Medicine with Anti-Depressive Effect, Changchun, People's Republic of China.
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5
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Song L, Zhang S. Anti-Aging Activity and Modes of Action of Compounds from Natural Food Sources. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1600. [PMID: 38002283 PMCID: PMC10669485 DOI: 10.3390/biom13111600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging is a natural and inescapable phenomenon characterized by a progressive deterioration of physiological functions, leading to increased vulnerability to chronic diseases and death. With economic and medical development, the elderly population is gradually increasing, which poses a great burden to society, the economy and the medical field. Thus, healthy aging has now become a common aspiration among people over the world. Accumulating evidence indicates that substances that can mediate the deteriorated physiological processes are highly likely to have the potential to prolong lifespan and improve aging-associated diseases. Foods from natural sources are full of bioactive compounds, such as polysaccharides, polyphenols, carotenoids, sterols, terpenoids and vitamins. These bioactive compounds and their derivatives have been shown to be able to delay aging and/or improve aging-associated diseases, thereby prolonging lifespan, via regulation of various physiological processes. Here, we summarize the current understanding of the anti-aging activities of the compounds, polysaccharides, polyphenols, carotenoids, sterols, terpenoids and vitamins from natural food sources, and their modes of action in delaying aging and improving aging-associated diseases. This will certainly provide a reference for further research on the anti-aging effects of bioactive compounds from natural food sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Song
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials of Zhangjiakou, College of Lab Medicine, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou 075000, China;
| | - Shicui Zhang
- College of Life and Geographic Sciences, Kashi University, Kashi 844000, China
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Ecology of Pamirs Plateau, Kashi 844000, China
- Department of Marine Biology, Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, China
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Tian T, Ko CN, Luo W, Li D, Yang C. The anti-aging mechanism of ginsenosides with medicine and food homology. Food Funct 2023; 14:9123-9136. [PMID: 37766674 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo02580b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
With the acceleration of global aging and the rise in living standards, the achievement of healthy aging is becoming an imperative issue globally. Ginseng, a medicinal plant that has a long history of dietary intake and remarkable medicinal value, has become a research hotspot in the field of food and medicine. Ginsenosides, especially protopanaxadiol-type saponins and protopanaxatriol-type saponins, are among the most important active ingredients in ginseng. Ginsenosides have been found to exhibit powerful and diverse pharmacological activities, such as antiaging, antitumor, antifatigue and immunity enhancement activities. Their effects in antiaging mainly include (1) promotion of metabolism and stem cell proliferation, (2) protection of skin and nerves, (3) modulation of intestinal flora, (4) maintenance of mitochondrial function, and (5) enhancement of telomerase activity. The underlying mechanisms are primarily associated with the intervention of the signaling pathways in apoptosis, inflammation and oxidative stress. In this review, the mechanism of action of ginsenosides in antiaging as well as the potential values of developing ginsenoside-based functional foods and antiaging drugs are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiantian Tian
- Center for Biological Science and Technology, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai, Guangdong Province, 519087, China
| | - Chung-Nga Ko
- C-MER Dennis Lam and Partners Eye Center, Hong Kong International Eye Care Group, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wenya Luo
- Haikou Orthopedics and Diabetes Hospital, Haikou, Hainan, 570206, China
| | - Dan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610075, China.
| | - Chao Yang
- National Engineering Research Center for Marine Aquaculture, Institute of Innovation & Application, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, Zhejiang Province, 316022, China.
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Su J, Su Q, Hu S, Ruan X, Ouyang S. Research Progress on the Anti-Aging Potential of the Active Components of Ginseng. Nutrients 2023; 15:3286. [PMID: 37571224 PMCID: PMC10421173 DOI: 10.3390/nu15153286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging is a cellular state characterized by a permanent cessation of cell division and evasion of apoptosis. DNA damage, metabolic dysfunction, telomere damage, and mitochondrial dysfunction are the main factors associated with senescence. Aging increases β-galactosidase activity, enhances cell spreading, and induces Lamin B1 loss, which further accelerate the aging process. It is associated with a variety of diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's, type 2 diabetes, and chronic inflammation. Ginseng is a traditional Chinese medicine with anti-aging effects. The active components of ginseng, including saponins, polysaccharides, and active peptides, have antioxidant, anti-apoptotic, neuroprotective, and age-delaying effects. DNA damage is the main factor associated with aging, and the mechanism through which the active ingredients of ginseng reduce DNA damage and delay aging has not been comprehensively described. This review focuses on the anti-aging mechanisms of the active ingredients of ginseng. Furthermore, it broadens the scope of ideas for further research on natural products and aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingqian Su
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Innate Immune Biology, Biomedical Research Center of South China, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China; (Q.S.); (S.H.)
- Provincial University Key Laboratory of Microbial Pathogenesis and Interventions, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China
| | - Qiaofen Su
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Innate Immune Biology, Biomedical Research Center of South China, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China; (Q.S.); (S.H.)
- Provincial University Key Laboratory of Microbial Pathogenesis and Interventions, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China
| | - Shan Hu
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Innate Immune Biology, Biomedical Research Center of South China, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China; (Q.S.); (S.H.)
- Provincial University Key Laboratory of Microbial Pathogenesis and Interventions, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China
| | - Xinglin Ruan
- Department of Neurology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou 350001, China;
| | - Songying Ouyang
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Innate Immune Biology, Biomedical Research Center of South China, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China; (Q.S.); (S.H.)
- Provincial University Key Laboratory of Microbial Pathogenesis and Interventions, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China
- Key Laboratory of OptoElectronic Science and Technology for Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China
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Cuong Tran NK, Jeong JH, Sharma N, Doan Nguyen YN, Phi Tran HY, Dang DK, Park JH, Byun JK, Jin D, Xiaoyan Z, Ko SK, Nah SY, Kim HC, Shin EJ. Ginsenoside Re blocks Bay k-8644-induced neurotoxicity via attenuating mitochondrial dysfunction and PKCδ activation in the hippocampus of mice: Involvement of antioxidant potential. Food Chem Toxicol 2023:113869. [PMID: 37308051 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2023.113869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Although the anticonvulsant effects of ginsenosides are recognized, little is known about their effects on the convulsive behaviors induced by the activation of L-type Ca2+ channels. Here, we investigated whether ginsenoside Re (GRe) modulates excitotoxicity induced by the L-type Ca2+ channel activator Bay k-8644. GRe significantly attenuated Bay k-8644-induced convulsive behaviors and hippocampal oxidative stress in mice. GRe-mediated antioxidant potential was more pronounced in the mitochondrial fraction than cytosolic fraction. As L-type Ca2+ channels are thought to be targets of protein kinase C (PKC), we investigated the role of PKC under excitotoxic conditions. GRe attenuated Bay k-8644-induced mitochondrial dysfunction, PKCδ activation, and neuronal loss. The PKCδ inhibition and neuroprotection mediated by GRe were comparable to those by the ROS inhibitor N-acetylcysteine, the mitochondrial protectant cyclosporin A, the microglial inhibitor minocycline, or the PKCδ inhibitor rottlerin. Consistently, the GRe-mediated PKCδ inhibition and neuroprotection were counteracted by the mitochondrial toxin 3-nitropropionic acid or the PKC activator bryostatin-1. GRe treatment did not have additional effects on PKCδ gene knockout-mediated neuroprotection, suggesting that PKCδ is a molecular target of GRe. Collectively, our results suggest that GRe-mediated anticonvulsive/neuroprotective effects require the attenuation of mitochondrial dysfunction and altered redox status and inactivation of PKCδ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ngoc Kim Cuong Tran
- Neuropsychopharmacology and Toxicology Program, College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chunchon, 24341, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ji Hoon Jeong
- Department of Global Innovative Drugs, Graduate School of Chung-Ang University, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea.
| | - Naveen Sharma
- Neuropsychopharmacology and Toxicology Program, College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chunchon, 24341, Republic of Korea; Department of Global Innovative Drugs, Graduate School of Chung-Ang University, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Yen Nhi Doan Nguyen
- Neuropsychopharmacology and Toxicology Program, College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chunchon, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Hoang-Yen Phi Tran
- Physical Chemistry Department, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ho Chi Minh City, 760000, Viet Nam
| | - Duy-Khanh Dang
- Pharmacy Faculty, Can Tho University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Can Tho City, 900000, Viet Nam
| | - Jung Hoon Park
- Neuropsychopharmacology and Toxicology Program, College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chunchon, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Kyung Byun
- Korea Society of Forest Environmental Research, Namyangju, 12106, Republic of Korea
| | - Dezhong Jin
- Department of Oriental Medical Food & Nutrition, Semyung University, Jecheon, 27316, Republic of Korea
| | - Zeng Xiaoyan
- Department of Oriental Medical Food & Nutrition, Semyung University, Jecheon, 27316, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Kwon Ko
- Department of Oriental Medical Food & Nutrition, Semyung University, Jecheon, 27316, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Yeol Nah
- Ginsentology Research Laboratory and Department of Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyoung-Chun Kim
- Neuropsychopharmacology and Toxicology Program, College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chunchon, 24341, Republic of Korea.
| | - Eun-Joo Shin
- Neuropsychopharmacology and Toxicology Program, College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chunchon, 24341, Republic of Korea.
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Shin EJ, Nguyen BT, Sharma N, Tran NKC, Nguyen YND, Hwang Y, Park JH, Nah SY, Ko SK, Byun JK, Lee Y, Kim DJ, Jeong JH, Kim HC. Ginsenoside Re mitigates memory impairments in aged GPx-1 KO mice by inhibiting the interplay between PAFR, NFκB, and microgliosis in the hippocampus. Food Chem Toxicol 2023; 173:113627. [PMID: 36682417 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2023.113627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Ginsenoside Re (GRe) upregulates anti-aging klotho by mainly upregulating glutathione peroxidase-1 (GPx-1). However, the anti-aging mechanism of GPx-1 remains elusive. Here we investigated whether the GRe-mediated upregulation of GPx-1 modulates oxidative and proinflammatory insults. GPx-1 gene depletion altered redox homeostasis and platelet-activating factor receptor (PAFR) and nuclear factor kappa B (NFκB) expression, whereas the genetic overexpression of GPx-1 or GRe mitigated this phenomenon in aged mice. Importantly, the NFκB inhibitor pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC) did not affect PAFR expression, while PAFR inhibition (i.e., PAFR knockout or ginkgolide B) significantly attenuated NFκB nuclear translocation, suggesting that PAFR could be an upstream molecule for NFκB activation. Iba-1-labeled microgliosis was more underlined in aged GPx-1 KO than in aged WT mice. Triple-labeling immunocytochemistry showed that PAFR and NFκB immunoreactivities were co-localized in Iba-1-positive populations in aged mice, indicating that microglia released these proteins. GRe inhibited triple-labeled immunoreactivity. The microglial inhibitor minocycline attenuated aging-related reduction in phospho-ERK. The effect of minocycline was comparable with that of GRe. GRe, ginkgolide B, PDTC, or minocycline also attenuated aging-evoked memory impairments. Therefore, GRe ameliorated aging-associated memory impairments in the absence of GPx-1 by inactivating oxidative insult, PAFR, NFkB, and microgliosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Joo Shin
- Neuropsychopharmacology and Toxicology Program, College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chunchon, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Bao Trong Nguyen
- Neuropsychopharmacology and Toxicology Program, College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chunchon, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Naveen Sharma
- Neuropsychopharmacology and Toxicology Program, College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chunchon, 24341, Republic of Korea; Department of Global Innovative Drugs, Graduate School of Chung-Ang University, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Ngoc Kim Cuong Tran
- Neuropsychopharmacology and Toxicology Program, College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chunchon, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Yen Nhi Doan Nguyen
- Neuropsychopharmacology and Toxicology Program, College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chunchon, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeonggwang Hwang
- Neuropsychopharmacology and Toxicology Program, College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chunchon, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Hoon Park
- Neuropsychopharmacology and Toxicology Program, College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chunchon, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Yeol Nah
- Ginsentology Research Laboratory and Department of Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Kwon Ko
- Department of Oriental Medical Food & Nutrition, Semyung University, Jecheon, 27136, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Kyung Byun
- Korea Society of Forest Environmental Research, Namyanju, 12106, Republic of Korea
| | - Yi Lee
- Department of Industrial Plant Science & Technology, Chungbuk National University, Chungju, 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Joong Kim
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical School, Kangwon National University, Chunchon, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hoon Jeong
- Department of Global Innovative Drugs, Graduate School of Chung-Ang University, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyoung-Chun Kim
- Neuropsychopharmacology and Toxicology Program, College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chunchon, 24341, Republic of Korea.
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10
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Du X, Lou N, Hu S, Xiao R, Chu C, Huang Q, Lu L, Li S, Yang J. Anti-Aging of the Nervous System and Related Neurodegenerative Diseases With Chinese Herbal Medicine. Am J Alzheimers Dis Other Demen 2023; 38:15333175231205445. [PMID: 37818604 PMCID: PMC10624054 DOI: 10.1177/15333175231205445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/12/2023]
Abstract
Human beings have always pursued a prolonged lifespan, while the aging of the nervous system is associated with a large variety of diseases. Pathological aging of the nervous system results in a series of neurodegenerative diseases and can cause disability and death in the elderly. Therefore, there is an urgent need for the prevention and treatment of nervous system aging. Chinese herbal medicines have a long history, featuring rich and safe ingredients, and have great potential for the development of anti-aging treatment. We searched the publications on PubMed with key words "anti-aging of the nervous system" and "Chinese herbal medicine" in recent 10 years, and found sixteen Chinese herbal medicines. Then by comparing their popularity of use as well as active components based on the research articles, five common Chinese herbal medicines namely Ginseng Radix, Lycii Fructus, Astragali Radix, Coptidis Rhizoma and Ginkgo Folium, were confirmed to be the most related to anti-nervous system aging and neural degenerative diseases. At the same time, the active ingredients, research models, action mechanisms and curative effects of these five common Chinese herbal medicines were reviewed. From the five common Chinese herbal medicines reviewed in this paper, many encouraging effects of Chinese herbal medicines on treating nervous system aging and related diseases were revealed and more potent herbs would be explored with the help of the proposed possible mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Du
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Basic Medicine, School of Medicine, Hangzhou City University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Novel Targets and Drug Study for Neural Repair of Zhejiang Province, School of Medicine, Hangzhou City University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Nanbin Lou
- Department of Basic Medicine, School of Medicine, Hangzhou City University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Novel Targets and Drug Study for Neural Repair of Zhejiang Province, School of Medicine, Hangzhou City University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Sinan Hu
- Department of Basic Medicine, School of Medicine, Hangzhou City University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Novel Targets and Drug Study for Neural Repair of Zhejiang Province, School of Medicine, Hangzhou City University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ruopeng Xiao
- Department of Basic Medicine, School of Medicine, Hangzhou City University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Novel Targets and Drug Study for Neural Repair of Zhejiang Province, School of Medicine, Hangzhou City University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chu Chu
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qiankai Huang
- Department of Basic Medicine, School of Medicine, Hangzhou City University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Novel Targets and Drug Study for Neural Repair of Zhejiang Province, School of Medicine, Hangzhou City University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lin Lu
- Department of Basic Medicine, School of Medicine, Hangzhou City University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Novel Targets and Drug Study for Neural Repair of Zhejiang Province, School of Medicine, Hangzhou City University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shanshan Li
- Department of Basic Medicine, School of Medicine, Hangzhou City University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Novel Targets and Drug Study for Neural Repair of Zhejiang Province, School of Medicine, Hangzhou City University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Basic Medicine, School of Medicine, Hangzhou City University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Novel Targets and Drug Study for Neural Repair of Zhejiang Province, School of Medicine, Hangzhou City University, Hangzhou, China
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11
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Luna-López A, Flores-González GA, Rivera-Ruz IA, Librado-Osorio R, Erosa-De Haro LA, Königsberg M, Alarcón-Aguilar A. Methotrexate Induces an Antioxidant Hormetic Response in Primary Rat Astrocytes. Dose Response 2022; 20:15593258221130752. [PMCID: PMC9619289 DOI: 10.1177/15593258221130752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases have increased worldwide in recent years. Their relationship with oxidative stress has motivated the research to find therapies and medications capable of suppressing oxidative damage and therefore slowing the progression of these diseases. Glutathione (GSH) is the most important cellular antioxidant in living beings and is responsible for regulating the cellular redox state. However, GSH cannot be administered by any route of administration, so molecules that increase its levels by activating Nrf2-ARE signaling pathway are explored; since Nrf2 regulates the main genes involved in GSH de novo synthesis and recycling. Astrocytes are the most important cell-type in the antioxidant cell response and are responsible for providing GSH and other substrates for neurons to have an efficient antioxidant response. Methotrexate (MTX) is an anti-inflammatory agent that has different cellular effects when administered at low or high concentrations. So in this study, we used MTX different concentrations and exposure times to induce a hormetic antioxidant response in rat primary astrocytes. Our results showed that 20 nM MTX pre-conditioning for 12 h augmented the GSH/GSSG ratio and protected cellular viability against a toxic MTX and H2O2 insult, which was abrogated when Nrf2 was inhibited by brusatol. Hence, MTX subsequent studies as a drug to counteract the progression of some stress-associated neurodegenerative diseases are suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armando Luna-López
- Departamento de Investigación Básica, Instituto Nacional de Geriatría, CDMX, México
| | - Giovanna Adonahi Flores-González
- Laboratorio de Bioenergética y Envejecimiento Celular, Depto. de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Unidad Iztapalapa, CDMX, México
| | - Itzel Alejandra Rivera-Ruz
- Laboratorio de Bioenergética y Envejecimiento Celular, Depto. de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Unidad Iztapalapa, CDMX, México
| | - Raúl Librado-Osorio
- Departamento de Investigación Básica, Instituto Nacional de Geriatría, CDMX, México
| | | | - Mina Königsberg
- Laboratorio de Bioenergética y Envejecimiento Celular, Depto. de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Unidad Iztapalapa, CDMX, México
| | - Adriana Alarcón-Aguilar
- Laboratorio de Bioenergética y Envejecimiento Celular, Depto. de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Unidad Iztapalapa, CDMX, México,Adriana Alarcón-Aguilar, Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, División de Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, A.P. 55-535, México D.F. C.P 09340, México.
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