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Palamae S, Temdee W, Saetang J, Patil U, Suyapoh W, Yingkajorn M, Fan X, Zhang B, Benjakul S. Impact of high-pressure processing on hemolymph, color, lipid globular structure and oxidation of the edible portion of blood clams. Food Chem 2024; 447:138948. [PMID: 38513490 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.138948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Impact of high-pressure processing (HP-P) on hemolymph and lipid globular structures of the edible portion (EP) of blood clams (BC) was investigated. HP-P above 400 MPa decreased heme iron content, while upsurged non-heme iron content. Increasing pressure induced gaps and abnormal hemocyte cell arrangements. However, HP-P at 300 MPa improved and maintained total hemocyte counts, the heme iron content, and a*-value in BC-EP. For lipid globular structures, the mean diameter drastically decreased when an HP-P pressure of 600 MPa was employed. HP-P at higher pressure induced lipid oxidation, along with decreases in monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids as well as increases in thiobarbituric acid reactive substances and peroxide value. FTIR spectra displayed a reduction in phosphate groups and cis double bonds in lipids from HP-P treated BC, compared to controls. Therefore, HP-P at 300 MPa is recommended for preparing ready-to-cook BC with less tissue damage and lipid oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suriya Palamae
- International Center of Excellence in Seafood Science and Innovation, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90110, Thailand
| | - Wattana Temdee
- International Center of Excellence in Seafood Science and Innovation, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90110, Thailand
| | - Jirakrit Saetang
- International Center of Excellence in Seafood Science and Innovation, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90110, Thailand
| | - Umesh Patil
- International Center of Excellence in Seafood Science and Innovation, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90110, Thailand
| | - Watcharapol Suyapoh
- Veterinary Pathology Unit, Department of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90110, Thailand
| | - Mingkwan Yingkajorn
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90110, Thailand
| | - Xinru Fan
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Health Risk Factors for Seafood of Zhejiang Province, College of Food Science and Pharmacy, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China
| | - Soottawat Benjakul
- International Center of Excellence in Seafood Science and Innovation, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90110, Thailand; Department of Food and Nutrition, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea.
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da Rocha AB, de Aquino Saraiva R, de Siqueira VM, Yogui GT, de Souza Bezerra R, de Assis CRD, Sousa MSB, de Souza Buarque D. Shrimp laccase degrades polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from an oil spill disaster in Brazil: A tool for marine environmental bioremediation. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2023; 194:115445. [PMID: 37639916 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.115445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Our work aims to purify, characterize and evaluate a laccase from by-products of the shrimp farming industry (Litopenaeus vannamei) for the degradation of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) from 2019 oil spill in Brazilian coast. The enzyme was purified by affinity chromatography and characterized as thermostable, with activity above 90 °C and at alkaline pH. In addition, the laccase was also tolerant to copper, lead, cadmium, zinc, arsenic, hexane and methanol, with significant enzymatic activation in acetone and 10 mM mercury. Concerning PAHs' degradation, the enzyme degraded 42.40 % of the total compounds, degrading >50 % of fluorene, C4-naphthalenes, C3-naphthalenes, C2-naphthalenes, anthracene, acenaphthene, 1-methylnaphthalene and 2-methylnaphthalene. Thus, this laccase demonstrated important characteristics for bioremediation of marine environments contaminated by crude oil spills, representing a viable and ecological alternative for these purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Barbosa da Rocha
- Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Unidade Acadêmica de Serra Talhada, Pernambuco, Fazenda Saco, s/n, Serra Talhada, PE 55608-680, Brazil; Programa de Pós-graduação em Biodiversidade e Conservação, UFRPE/UAST, 55608-680, Brazil
| | - Rogério de Aquino Saraiva
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Biodiversidade e Conservação, UFRPE/UAST, 55608-680, Brazil; Universidade Federal do Cariri, Campus Brejo Santo, Brejo Santo, Ceará 63048-080, Brazil
| | - Virgínia Medeiros de Siqueira
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Biodiversidade e Conservação, UFRPE/UAST, 55608-680, Brazil; Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco 52171-900, Brazil.
| | - Gilvan Takeshi Yogui
- Departamento de Oceanografia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco 50740-550, Brazil.
| | - Ranilson de Souza Bezerra
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco 50670-901, Brazil
| | | | | | - Diego de Souza Buarque
- Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Unidade Acadêmica de Serra Talhada, Pernambuco, Fazenda Saco, s/n, Serra Talhada, PE 55608-680, Brazil; Programa de Pós-graduação em Biodiversidade e Conservação, UFRPE/UAST, 55608-680, Brazil.
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Quinn EA, Malkin SH, Rowley AF, Coates CJ. Laccase and catecholoxidase activities contribute to innate immunity in slipper limpets, Crepidula fornicata. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 110:103724. [PMID: 32360226 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2020.103724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 04/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The slipper limpet Crepidula fornicata is an invasive, non-native, marine species found throughout the coastal waters of southern England and Wales, UK. These limpets are considered to blight commercial shellfish banks, notably oysters, yet little is known about their disease-carrying capacity or their immunobiology. To address the latter, we isolated haemolymph (blood) from limpets and tested for the presence of the immune-enzyme phenoloxidase. Invertebrate phenoloxidases produce melanic polymers from simple phenolic substrates, which are deployed in the presence of pathogens because of their potent microbicidal and microbiostatic properties. We used a series of established substrates (e.g., tyrosine, hydroquinone) and inhibitors (e.g., 4-hexylresorcinol, benzoic acid) to target three distinct enzymes: laccase (para-diphenoloxidase), catecholoxidase (ortho-diphenoloxidase) and tyrosinase (monophenoloxidase). We confirmed laccase and catecholoxidase activities and characterised their kinetic properties across temperature and pH gradients (5-70 °C and 5-10, respectively). Crucially, we demonstrated that products derived from such laccase and catecholoxidase activities reduced significantly the numbers of colony-forming units of both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria in vitro. We further screened limpet tissues for signs of melanin using wax histology, and found cells replete with eumelanin-like pigments and lipofuscin in the digestive gland, connective tissues, barrier epithelia and gills. Our data represent the first account of enzyme-based antibacterial defences, notably laccase, in C. fornicata.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma A Quinn
- Department of Biosciences, College of Science, Swansea University, Swansea, SA2 8PP, Wales, UK
| | - Sophie H Malkin
- Department of Biosciences, College of Science, Swansea University, Swansea, SA2 8PP, Wales, UK
| | - Andrew F Rowley
- Department of Biosciences, College of Science, Swansea University, Swansea, SA2 8PP, Wales, UK
| | - Christopher J Coates
- Department of Biosciences, College of Science, Swansea University, Swansea, SA2 8PP, Wales, UK.
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de la Ballina NR, Villalba A, Cao A. Differences in proteomic profile between two haemocyte types, granulocytes and hyalinocytes, of the flat oyster Ostrea edulis. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 100:456-466. [PMID: 32205190 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.03.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Haemocytes play a dominant role in shellfish immunity, being considered the main defence effector cells in molluscs. These cells are known to be responsible for many functions, including chemotaxis, cellular recognition, attachment, aggregation, shell repair and nutrient transport and digestion. There are two basic cell types of bivalve haemocytes morphologically distinguishable, hyalinocytes and granulocytes; however, functional differences and specific abilities are poorly understood: granulocytes are believed to be more efficient in killing microorganisms, while hyalinocytes are thought to be more specialised in clotting and wound healing. A proteomic approach was implemented to find qualitative differences in the protein profile between granulocytes and hyalinocytes of the European flat oyster, Ostrea edulis, as a way to evaluate functional differences. Oyster haemolymph cells were differentially separated by Percoll® density gradient centrifugation. Granulocyte and hyalinocyte proteins were separated by 2D-PAGE and their protein profiles were analysed and compared with PD Quest software; the protein spots exclusive for each haemocyte type were excised from gels and analysed by MALDI-TOF/TOF with a combination of mass spectrometry (MS) and MS/MS for sequencing and protein identification. A total of 34 proteins were identified, 20 unique to granulocytes and 14 to hyalinocytes. The results suggested differences between the haemocyte types in signal transduction, apoptosis, oxidation reduction processes, cytoskeleton, phagocytosis and pathogen recognition. These results contribute to identify differential roles of each haemocyte type and to better understand the oyster immunity mechanisms, which should help to fight oyster diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuria R de la Ballina
- Centro de Investigacións Mariñas (CIMA), Consellería do Mar, Xunta de Galicia, 36620, Vilanova de Arousa, Spain
| | - Antonio Villalba
- Centro de Investigacións Mariñas (CIMA), Consellería do Mar, Xunta de Galicia, 36620, Vilanova de Arousa, Spain; Departamento de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad de Alcalá, 28871, Alcalá de Henares, Spain; Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology (PIE), University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48620, Plentzia, Spain.
| | - Asunción Cao
- Centro de Investigacións Mariñas (CIMA), Consellería do Mar, Xunta de Galicia, 36620, Vilanova de Arousa, Spain
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Zhang S, Yue X, Yu J, Wang H, Liu B. MITF Regulates Downstream Genes in Response to Vibrio parahaemolyticus Infection in the Clam Meretrix Petechialis. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1547. [PMID: 31333673 PMCID: PMC6620822 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) is a basic helix-loop-helix-leucine zipper protein that plays a key role in cell proliferation, survival and immune defense through the direct transcriptional control of downstream genes. We have found that MITF participates in the immune response to Vibrio parahaemolyticus infection in the clam Meretrix petechialis. In this study, we focused on how MITF functions in immunity. First, PO, CTSK, and BCL-2 were identified as the target genes of MpMITF in the clam by RNAi. EMSAs showed direct binding between the MpMITF protein and the E-box of the MpPO, MpCTSK, and MpBCL-2 promoters. Yeast one-hybrid assays also suggested that MpMITF could activate the expression of these three downstream genes. These results demonstrated that the transcriptional expression of MpPO, MpCTSK, and MpBCL-2 is directly regulated by MpMITF. Second, we analyzed the roles of MpPO, MpCTSK, and MpBCL-2 in clam immunity. The mRNA expression of MpPO, MpCTSK, and MpBCL-2 increased significantly after V. parahaemolyticus challenge, which implied that these genes might take part in the immune defense against V. parahaemolyticus challenge in clams. The purified recombinant proteins, MpPO and MpCTSK, inhibited the growth of V. parahaemolyticus. Additionally, the apoptosis rate of clam haemocytes rose significantly when the activity of MpBCL-2 was suppressed. These results revealed that MpPO, MpCTSK, and MpBCL-2 are involved in the immune defense against V. parahaemolyticus. This study supports the idea that the MpMITF pathway plays a key role in immune defense through the direct regulation of the downstream genes MpPO, MpCTSK, and MpBCL-2 in the clam, M. petechialis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shujing Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Yue
- CAS Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China.,Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Jiajia Yu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hongxia Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China.,Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Baozhong Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
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Surendran A, Siddiqui Y, Saud H, Ali N, Manickam S. Inhibition and kinetic studies of lignin degrading enzymes ofGanoderma boninenseby naturally occurring phenolic compounds. J Appl Microbiol 2018; 125:876-887. [DOI: 10.1111/jam.13922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Revised: 04/29/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Surendran
- The Laboratory of Climate-Smart Food Crop Production; Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security; University of Putra Malaysia; Serdang Malaysia
| | - Y. Siddiqui
- The Laboratory of Plant Science and Technology; Institute of Plantation Studies; University of Putra Malaysia; Serdang Malaysia
| | - H.M. Saud
- Department of Agriculture Technology; Faculty of Agriculture; University of Putra Malaysia; Serdang Selangor Malaysia
| | - N.S. Ali
- Department of Plant Protection; Faculty of Agriculture; University of Putra Malaysia; Serdang Selangor Malaysia
| | - S. Manickam
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering; University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus; Semenyih Selangor Malaysia
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Wang ZH, Hu RM, Ye XQ, Huang JH, Chen XX, Shi M. Laccase 1 gene from Plutella xylostella (PxLac1) and its functions in humoral immune response. JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 107:197-203. [PMID: 29626507 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2018.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Revised: 04/01/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Laccase (EC 1.10.3.2) is a phenoloxidase found in many insect species. The Laccase 1 gene from Plutella xylostella (PxLac1) was cloned, and its expression patterns and functions were determined using qPCR and RNAi methods. The results showed that the expression levels of PxLac1 were consistently high in all larval stages, and the most abundant was in the midgut during the 4th instar stage. Moreover, the expression of PxLac1 was up-regulated in response to bacterial infection, and decreased 24 h after being parasitized by Cotesia vestalis. Further analyses indicated that the effect of parasitization on PxLac1 was induced by active C. vestalis Bracovirus (CvBV). Haemocyte-free hemolymph phenoloxidase (PO) activity was suppressed when PxLac1 was treated with RNAi. Our results provide evidence for a connection between the Laccase 1 gene and insect immunity, and revealed that parasitoid polydnavirus suppresses host PO activity via PxLac1 regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze-Hua Wang
- Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, 310058 Hangzhou, China; Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, 310058 Hangzhou, China
| | - Rong-Min Hu
- Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, 310058 Hangzhou, China
| | - Xi-Qian Ye
- Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, 310058 Hangzhou, China; Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, 310058 Hangzhou, China
| | - Jian-Hua Huang
- Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, 310058 Hangzhou, China; Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, 310058 Hangzhou, China
| | - Xue-Xin Chen
- Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, 310058 Hangzhou, China; Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, 310058 Hangzhou, China; State Key Lab of Rice Biology, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, 310058 Hangzhou, China.
| | - Min Shi
- Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, 310058 Hangzhou, China; Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, 310058 Hangzhou, China.
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Coaglio AL, Ferreira MAND, Dos Santos Lima W, de Jesus Pereira CA. Identification of a phenoloxidase- and melanin-dependent defence mechanism in Achatina fulica infected with Angiostrongylus vasorum. Parasit Vectors 2018; 11:113. [PMID: 29482644 PMCID: PMC5828409 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-018-2710-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 02/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Angiostrongylus vasorum has different freshwater aquatic and terrestrial gastropod molluscs as an intermediate host, e.g. Arion spp. The mollusc Achatina fulica is a danger to public health, given the large diversity of nematodes utilizing it as an intermediate host, such as the parasites of the genus Angiostrongylus, of importance in human and veterinary medicine. Achatina fulica has been shown to have an excellent capacity for maintaining outbreaks and natural infections with A. cantonensis in Asia. Within the mollusc, the nematode parasites activate haemocytes and/or haemolymph factors and in some invertebrates, phenoloxidase (PO), that induces the release of toxic elements and eliminates the parasites. Despite the importance of A. fulica in the life-cycle of nematodes, little is known regarding the defence mechanisms involving PO in molluscs infected with nematodes. Here, the presence of PO and nitric oxide (NO) in the haemolymph and haemocytes of A. fulica infected with first-stage (L1) larvae of Angiostrongylus vasorum was evaluated, together with the presence of melanin in the cephalopod mollusc tissue. Results An increase in PO at one day post infection (dpi), in comparison with the control using the substrates L-tyrosine (F(4,90) = 6.73, P = 0.00006), L-DOPA (F(4,90) = 22.67, P = 0.02) and p-phenylenediamine (PPD) (F(4,90) = 27.58, P = 0.0019), was observed. PO increase coincided with the presence of melanin in the cephalopodal tissue. At 8 dpi, PO activity, compared to L-DOPA (F(4,90) = 22.67, P = 0.00002) and PPD (F(4,90) = 27.58, P = 0.079) decreased, while melanin increased. At 13 dpi, PO decreased with PPD (F(4,90) = 27.58, P = 0.000015) and also the amount of melanin observed in histology. At 30 dpi, PO increased along with the substrates L-DOPA and PPD, while melanin decreased. NO levels increased until 8 dpi, and decreased after 13 dpi. Conclusions To our knowledge, this is the first study that illustrates PO activity in a helminth-infected A. fulica and provides the first observation of an L-tyrosine dependent PO activity in molluscs infected with A. vasorum. This work suggests that PO pathway may help to control A. vasorum infection in A. fulica.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aytube Lucas Coaglio
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | | | - Walter Dos Santos Lima
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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Luna-Acosta A, Breitwieser M, Renault T, Thomas-Guyon H. Recent findings on phenoloxidases in bivalves. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2017; 122:5-16. [PMID: 28673617 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2017.06.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2016] [Revised: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 06/08/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The production of melanin is a complex process involving biochemical cascades, such as the pro-phenoloxidase (proPO) system, and enzymes, such as phenoloxidases (POs). Different studies have shown a strong correlation between the decrease in PO activities and the occurrence of diseases in bivalve invertebrates, leading to mortalities in the host. Results of these studies suggest that POs could play a fundamental role in defense mechanisms in bivalves. This article reviews the fundamental knowledge on the proPO system in bivalves and the methods used to assess PO activities. Finally, this is the first report on the major findings of laboratory and field studies that indicate that a type of PO in bivalves, the laccase enzyme, is inducible and involved in the 1) immune 2) antioxidant and 3) detoxification roles in bivalves, and might be an ecological potential biomarker of environmental stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Luna-Acosta
- Littoral Environnement et Sociétés (LIENSs), UMR 6250, CNRS-Université de La Rochelle, 2 rue Olympe de Gouges - F-17042, La Rochelle Cedex 01, France; Departamento de Ecología y Territorio, Facultad de Estudios Ambientales y Rurales (FEAR), Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Transv. 4 No. 42-00, Bogota, Colombia.
| | - Marine Breitwieser
- Littoral Environnement et Sociétés (LIENSs), UMR 6250, CNRS-Université de La Rochelle, 2 rue Olympe de Gouges - F-17042, La Rochelle Cedex 01, France.
| | - T Renault
- Ifremer, Département Ressources biologiques et environnement (RBE), 44311 Nantes Cedex 03, France
| | - H Thomas-Guyon
- Littoral Environnement et Sociétés (LIENSs), UMR 6250, CNRS-Université de La Rochelle, 2 rue Olympe de Gouges - F-17042, La Rochelle Cedex 01, France
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10
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Shi L, Chan S, Li C, Zhang S. Identification and characterization of a laccase from Litopenaeus vannamei involved in anti-bacterial host defense. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 66:1-10. [PMID: 28476665 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2017.04.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Revised: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 04/30/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Phenoloxidases (POs) are a family of enzymes including tyrosinases, catecholases and laccases, which play an important role in immune defences of various invertebrates. Whether or not laccase exists in shrimp and its function is still poorly understood. In this study, a laccase (LvLac) was cloned and identified from Litopenaeus vannamei for the first time. The full length of LvLac is 3406 bp, including a 2034 bp open reading frame (ORF) coding for a putative protein of 677 amino acids with a signal peptide of 33 aa. LvLac contains three Cu-oxidase domains with copper binding centers formed by 10 histidines, one cysteine and one methionine, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that LvLac was close to insects laccase 1 family. LvLac expression was most abundant in heart and the crude LvLac protein could catalyze the oxidation of hydroquinone. Real-time PCR showed that LvLac expression was responsive to Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Micrococcus lysodeikticus and white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) infection. Knockdown of LvLac enhanced the sensitivity of shrimps to V. parahaemolyticus and M. lysodeikticus challenge, suggesting that LvLac may play a positive role against bacterial pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Shi
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, PR China
| | - Siuming Chan
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, PR China
| | - Chaozheng Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Safety/State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China; Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, Sun Yat-sen University, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, PR China; School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China; South China Sea Resource Exploitation and Protection Collaborative Innovation Center (SCS-REPIC), PR China
| | - Shuang Zhang
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, PR China.
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Richard G, Guérard F, Corporeau C, Lambert C, Paillard C, Pernet F. Metabolic responses of clam Ruditapes philippinarum exposed to its pathogen Vibrio tapetis in relation to diet. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 60:96-107. [PMID: 26921670 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2016.02.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2015] [Revised: 02/18/2016] [Accepted: 02/19/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the effect of brown ring disease (BRD) development and algal diet on energy reserves and activity of enzymes related to energy metabolism, antioxidant system and immunity in Manila clam, Ruditapes philippinarum. We found that algal diet did not impact the metabolic response of clams exposed to Vibrio tapetis. At two days post-injection (dpi), activities of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) decreased whereas activities of nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and catalase increased in infected clams, although no clinical signs were visible (BRD-). At 7 dpi, activities of several antioxidant and immune-related enzymes were markedly increased in BRD-likely indicating an efficient reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging compared to animals which developed clinical signs of BRD (BRD+). Therefore, resistance to BRD clinical signs appearance was associated with higher detoxification of ROS and enhancement of immune response. This study provides new biochemical indicators of disease resistance and a more comprehensive view of the global antioxidant response of clam to BRD development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaëlle Richard
- UMR 6539 CNRS UBO IRD IFREMER, LEMAR - IUEM - UBO, Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, Technopôle Brest-Iroise - Rue Dumont d'Urville, 29280 Plouzané, France.
| | - Fabienne Guérard
- UMR 6539 CNRS UBO IRD IFREMER, LEMAR - IUEM - UBO, Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, Technopôle Brest-Iroise - Rue Dumont d'Urville, 29280 Plouzané, France
| | - Charlotte Corporeau
- Ifremer, UMR 6539 LEMAR (CNRS/UBO/IRD/Ifremer), Technopôle Brest-Iroise CS 10070, 29280 Plouzané, France
| | - Christophe Lambert
- UMR 6539 CNRS UBO IRD IFREMER, LEMAR - IUEM - UBO, Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, Technopôle Brest-Iroise - Rue Dumont d'Urville, 29280 Plouzané, France
| | - Christine Paillard
- UMR 6539 CNRS UBO IRD IFREMER, LEMAR - IUEM - UBO, Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, Technopôle Brest-Iroise - Rue Dumont d'Urville, 29280 Plouzané, France
| | - Fabrice Pernet
- Ifremer, UMR 6539 LEMAR (CNRS/UBO/IRD/Ifremer), Technopôle Brest-Iroise CS 10070, 29280 Plouzané, France
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Bris CL, Cudennec B, Dhulster P, Drider D, Duflos G, Grard T. Melanosis in Penaeus monodon: Involvement of the Laccase-like Activity of Hemocyanin. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2016; 64:663-670. [PMID: 26671070 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b04997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In shrimp, the development of postmortem melanosis resulting from phenoloxidase activities leads to important economic losses. Phenoloxidase enzymes include catechol oxidases, laccases, and tyrosinases, but hemocyanin is also capable of phenoloxidase activities. These activities have been explored in Penaeus monodon, using different substrates. Results highlighted that tyrosinase-specific substrates were little oxidized, whereas hydroquinone (laccase-specific substrate) was more highly oxidized than l-DOPA (nonspecific substrate) in the pereopods and pleopods. Global phenoloxidase activity, assayed with l-DOPA, did not appear thermally stable over time and probably resulted from phenoloxidase enzymes. Conversely, the laccase-like activity assayed with hydroquinone was thermally stable over time, reflecting the thermal stability of hemocyanin. Independently of the anatomical compartment, the temperature, or the substrate, the highest activities were assayed in the cuticular compartments. This study demonstrates the complexity of phenoloxidase activities in P. monodon, and the importance of considering all the activities, including laccase-like activities such as that of hemocyanin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cédric Le Bris
- Université Littoral Côte d'Opale, EA 7394-ICV-Institut Charles Viollette , F-62200 Boulogne sur Mer, France
- Université Lille , F-59000 Lille, France
- Université Artois , F-62000 Arras, France
- INRA , France
- ISA , F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Benoit Cudennec
- Université Littoral Côte d'Opale, EA 7394-ICV-Institut Charles Viollette , F-62200 Boulogne sur Mer, France
- Université Lille , F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Pascal Dhulster
- Université Littoral Côte d'Opale, EA 7394-ICV-Institut Charles Viollette , F-62200 Boulogne sur Mer, France
- Université Lille , F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Djamel Drider
- Université Littoral Côte d'Opale, EA 7394-ICV-Institut Charles Viollette , F-62200 Boulogne sur Mer, France
- Université Lille , F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Guillaume Duflos
- ANSES, Laboratoire de Sécurité des Aliments-Département des Produits de la Pêche et de l'Aquaculture , Boulevard du Bassin Napoléon, F-62200 Boulogne sur Mer, France
| | - Thierry Grard
- Université Littoral Côte d'Opale, EA 7394-ICV-Institut Charles Viollette , F-62200 Boulogne sur Mer, France
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Le Clec'h W, Anderson TJC, Chevalier FD. Characterization of hemolymph phenoloxidase activity in two Biomphalaria snail species and impact of Schistosoma mansoni infection. Parasit Vectors 2016; 9:32. [PMID: 26797101 PMCID: PMC4722754 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-016-1319-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2015] [Accepted: 01/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Biomphalaria snails are the intermediate host of the blood fluke Schistosoma mansoni, which infect more than 67 million people in tropical areas. Phenoloxidase enzymes (POs), including tyrosinases, catecholases, and laccases, are known to play a role in the immune defenses of arthropods, but the PO activity present in Biomphalaria spp. hemolymph has not been characterized. This study was designed to characterize substrate specificity and reaction optima of PO activity in Biomphalaria spp. hemolymph as a starting point to understand the role of this important invertebrate enzyme activity in snail biology and snail-schistosome interactions. METHODS We used spectrophotometric assays with 3 specific substrates (L-tyrosine for tyrosinase, L-DOPA for catecholase, and PPD for laccase) and diethylthiocarbarmate (DETC) as specific PO inhibitor to characterize PO activity in the hemolymph of uninfected snails from two Biomphalaria species, and to determine the impact of the parasite Schistosoma mansoni on the PO activity of its B. glabrata vector. RESULTS We identified laccase activity in hemolymph from uninfected B. glabrata and B. alexandrina. For both species, the activity was optimal at 45 °C and pH 8.5, and located in the plasma. The K m and V max of PO enzymes are 1.45 mM and 0.024 OD.min(-1) for B. glabrata, and 1.19 mM and 0.025 OD.min(-1) for B. alexandrina. When the snail vector is parasitized by S. mansoni, we observed a sharp reduction in laccase activity seven weeks after snail infection. CONCLUSIONS We employed a highly specific spectrophotometric assay using PPD substrate which allows accurate measurement of laccase activity in Biomphalaria spp. hemolymph. We also demonstrated a strong impact of the parasite S. mansoni on laccase activity in the snail host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Winka Le Clec'h
- Department of Genetics, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, P.O. Box 760549, San Antonio, TX, 78245, USA.
| | - Timothy J C Anderson
- Department of Genetics, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, P.O. Box 760549, San Antonio, TX, 78245, USA.
| | - Frédéric D Chevalier
- Department of Genetics, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, P.O. Box 760549, San Antonio, TX, 78245, USA.
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Le Bris C, Richard G, Paillard C, Lambert C, Seguineau C, Gauthier O, Pernet F, Guérard F. Immune responses of phenoloxidase and superoxide dismutase in the manila clam Venerupis philippinarum challenged with Vibrio tapetis--Part I: Spatio-temporal evolution of enzymes' activities post-infection. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 42:16-24. [PMID: 25449703 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2014.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2014] [Revised: 10/17/2014] [Accepted: 10/17/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Manila clams, Venerupis philippinarum (Adams and Reeve, 1850), were experimentally challenged with two Vibrio tapetis strains: CECT4600T, the causative agent of Brown Ring Disease (BRD); and LP2 supposedly non-pathogenic in V. philippinarum. Changes in phenoloxidase (PO) and superoxide dismutase (SOD), two major enzymes involved in immunity, were studied in two tissues, the mantle and hemolymph for 30 days after infection in the extrapallial cavity. Bacterial infection in V. philippinarum resulted in modulation of PO and SOD activities that was both tissue- and time-dependent. A response at early times was detected in the mantle and was associated with significant increases in PO and SOD activities in LP2- and CECT4600T-challenged clams 36 h post injection. This first response in the mantle could be explained by the proximity to the injection region (extrapallial cavity). In the hemolymph the response occurred at later times and was associated with an increase in PO activity and a decrease in SOD activity. As hemolymph is a circulating fluid, this response delay could be due to an "integration time" needed by the organism to counteract the infection. Injections also impacted PO and SOD activities in both tissues and confirmed a difference in pathogenicity between the two V. tapetis strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cédric Le Bris
- UMR 6539 CNRS UBO IRD IFREMER, LEMAR - IUEM - UBO, Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, Technopôle Brest-Iroise - Rue Dumont d'Urville, 29280 Plouzané, France.
| | - Gaëlle Richard
- UMR 6539 CNRS UBO IRD IFREMER, LEMAR - IUEM - UBO, Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, Technopôle Brest-Iroise - Rue Dumont d'Urville, 29280 Plouzané, France
| | - Christine Paillard
- UMR 6539 CNRS UBO IRD IFREMER, LEMAR - IUEM - UBO, Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, Technopôle Brest-Iroise - Rue Dumont d'Urville, 29280 Plouzané, France
| | - Christophe Lambert
- UMR 6539 CNRS UBO IRD IFREMER, LEMAR - IUEM - UBO, Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, Technopôle Brest-Iroise - Rue Dumont d'Urville, 29280 Plouzané, France
| | - Catherine Seguineau
- UMR 6539 CNRS UBO IRD IFREMER, LEMAR - IUEM - UBO, Ifremer, Laboratoire de Physiologie des Invertébrés, Technopôle Brest-Iroise BP 70, 29280 Plouzané, France
| | - Olivier Gauthier
- UMR 6539 CNRS UBO IRD IFREMER, LEMAR - IUEM - UBO, Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, Technopôle Brest-Iroise - Rue Dumont d'Urville, 29280 Plouzané, France
| | - Fabrice Pernet
- UMR 6539 CNRS UBO IRD IFREMER, LEMAR - IUEM - UBO, Ifremer, Laboratoire de Physiologie des Invertébrés, Technopôle Brest-Iroise BP 70, 29280 Plouzané, France
| | - Fabienne Guérard
- UMR 6539 CNRS UBO IRD IFREMER, LEMAR - IUEM - UBO, Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, Technopôle Brest-Iroise - Rue Dumont d'Urville, 29280 Plouzané, France
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Le Bris C, Lepretre M, Paillard C, Guérard F. Characterization of a laccase-like activity in the hemolymph of the abalone Haliotis tuberculata. AQUACULTURE 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2013.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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