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Radhakrishnan A, Prabakaran DS, Ramesh T, Sakthivel R, Ramasamy K, Han HS, Jeyachandran S. Innate Immune Response Assessment in Cyprinus carpio L. upon Experimental Administration with Artemia salina Bio-Encapsulated Aeromonas hydrophila Bacterin. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:vaccines11040877. [PMID: 37112789 PMCID: PMC10144060 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11040877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to analyze the enhancement of innate immune responses in juvenile-stage common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.), upon the administration of heat-killed Aeromonas hydrophila at a dosage of 1 × 107 CFU ml-1 through bio-encapsulation in the aquatic crustacean, Artemia salina. This work emphasizes the modulation of innate immune response when administered with the bio-encapsulated heat-killed antigen that acts as an inactivated vaccine against Motile Aeromonas Septicemia disease. Bio-encapsulated oral administration of antigens promotes innate immunity in juvenile-stage fishes. The optimization of effective bio-encapsulation of bacterin in Artemia salina nauplii was carried out and the best optimal conditions were chosen for immunization. The functional immune parameters such as myeloperoxidase, lysozyme, alkaline phosphatase, antiprotease and respiratory burst activity in serum, blood and intestinal tissue samples were analyzed along with blood differential leukocyte count and tissue histopathology studies. Both humoral and cellular immune responses analyzed were substantially induced or enhanced in the treatment groups in comparison with the control group. The results showed a significant variation in the bio-encapsulation group than the control group and also were comparable to the protection conferred with immersion route immunization under similar conditions. Thus, most of the innate non-specific immune responses are inducible, despite being constitutive of the fish immune system, to exhibit a basal level of protection and a road to better vaccination strategy in Cyprinus carpio L. aquaculture worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akshaya Radhakrishnan
- Department of Biotechnology & Microbiology, National College (Autonomous), Trichy 620001, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - D S Prabakaran
- Department of Radiation Oncology, College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biotechnology, Ayya Nadar Janaki Ammal College (Autonomous), Sivakasi 626124, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Thiyagarajan Ramesh
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 173, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ramalingam Sakthivel
- School of Electrical Engineering, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Kavikumar Ramasamy
- School of Electrical Engineering, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo-Shim Han
- Department of Biotechnology, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Republic of Korea
| | - Sivakamavalli Jeyachandran
- Lab in Biotechnology & Biosignal Transduction, Department of Orthodontics, Saveetha Dental College & Hospitals, Chennai 600077, Tamil Nadu, India
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Shen C, Zhang M, Liang H, He J, Zhang B, Liang B. Gene cloning and functional study of PmKSPI from Pinctada fucata martensii. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 131:1157-1165. [PMID: 36400373 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Kunitz-type serine protease inhibitors (KSPI) are a family of serine protease inhibitors (SPIs) and are extensively found in animals, plants, and microbes. SPI can inhibit proteases that may be harmful or unwanted to its cells. Here, a four-domain Kunitz-type SPI, PmKSPI, was cloned by RACE in the pearl oyster Pinctada fucata martensii. The full-length cDNA sequence of PmKSPI was 1318 bp, including the 5' UTR (25 bp), the 3' UTR (96 bp) and ORF (1197 bp). Homology analysis indicated that PmKSPI had the highest resemblance (30.14%) with its homolog in Crassostrea gigas. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that PmKSPI clustered with homologs in other molluscs. We found that PmKSPI mRNA expression in P. f. martensii was distributed in all six tissues, with the highest level in the mantle, and almost no expression in other tissues. After PAMPs challenge, expression of PmKSPI mRNA in the mantle was significantly up-regulated. The recombinant protein rPmKSPI significantly inhibited the growth of 5 kinds of Gram-negative bacteria but had little effect on Gram-positive bacterial activity. Transmission electron microscopy showed that plasmolysis occurred in two Gram-negative bacteria species when treated with rPmKSPI. rPmKSPI may thus have a bactericidal effect by destroying the bacterial cell membrane or cell walls and releasing its contents. Therefore, our results suggest that PmKSPI is tightly associated with the immunological defence of P. f. martensii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenghao Shen
- Fisheries College of Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524088, China
| | - Meizhen Zhang
- Fisheries College of Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524088, China
| | - Haiying Liang
- Fisheries College of Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524088, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Control and Healthy Culture, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524088, China.
| | - Junjun He
- Fisheries College of Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524088, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Fisheries College of Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524088, China
| | - Bidan Liang
- Fisheries College of Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524088, China
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Harikrishnan R, Devi G, Balasundaram C, Van Doan H, Jaturasitha S, Saravanan K, Ringø E. Impact of cinnamaldehyde on innate immunity and immune gene expression in Channa striatus against Aphanomyces invadans. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 117:1-16. [PMID: 34274424 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2021.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The effect of cinnamaldehyde (CM) enriched diet on immunity and cytokine gene expression in Channa striatus against Aphanomyces invadans is reported. C. striatus was uniformly divided into eight groups (n = 25 fish each) and fed with formulated diets with 0, 5, 10, and 15 mg kg-1 CM enriched diet. In healthy and infected groups fed with 5 mg kg-1 diet the leukocytes count increased significantly after 4th week; with 10 mg kg-1 CM diet the increase manifested after 6th week, but with 15 mg kg-1 not even after 8th week. In both groups, 5 mg kg-1 CM diet resulted in a significant increase in the serum total protein, albumin, and globulin levels after 4th week, whereas with other diets this effect was observed only after 6th week. Similarly, with any enriched diet the lysozyme activity increased significantly, but with 15 mg kg-1 CM diet only after 6th week. In both groups the complement activity and lymphocyte production increased significantly when fed with 5 mg kg-1 CM diet after 4th week while with other enriched diets only after 6th week. The phagocytic activity increased significantly in both groups fed with 5 mg kg-1 CM diet after 6th week, whereas the SOD activity increased after 4th week. The IgM production increased significantly in both groups fed with 5 mg kg-1 CM diet after 2nd week, while with 5 and 10 mg kg-1 CM diet after 4th week. In both groups, the expression of CXCR3α was significant on 4th week when fed with 10 mg kg-1 CM diet, while in the healthy group fed with 15 mg kg-1 CM diet the expression manifested earlier than 4th week. However, when fed with 10 and 15 mg kg-1 CM diets the increase was observed on 6th week; whereas, the expression of MHC-I reached the maximum on 6th week with any enriched diet. The results indicate that in C. striatus the innate immunity and expression of cytokine and immune related genes were significantly modulated when fed with 5 mg kg-1 CM diet on 4th week against A. invadans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramasamy Harikrishnan
- Department of Zoology, Pachaiyappa's College for Men, Kanchipuram, 631 501, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Gunapathy Devi
- Department of Zoology, Nehru Memorial College, Puthanampatti, 621 007, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Chellam Balasundaram
- Department of Herbal and Environmental Science, Tamil University, Thanjavur, 613 005, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Hien Van Doan
- Department of Animal and Aquatic Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand; Science and Technology Research Institute, Chiang Mai University, 239 Huay Keaw Rd., Suthep, Muang, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.
| | - Sanchai Jaturasitha
- Department of Animal and Aquatic Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand; Science and Technology Research Institute, Chiang Mai University, 239 Huay Keaw Rd., Suthep, Muang, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | | | - Einar Ringø
- Norwegian College of Fishery Science, Faculty of Bioscience, Fisheries and Economics, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
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Hosseinzadeh S, Higgins SA, Ramsey J, Howe K, Griggs M, Castrillo L, Heck M. Proteomic Polyphenism in Color Morphotypes of Diaphorina citri, Insect Vector of Citrus Greening Disease. J Proteome Res 2021; 20:2851-2866. [PMID: 33890474 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.1c00089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Diaphorina citri is a vector of "Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus" (CLas), associated with citrus greening disease. D. citri exhibit at least two color morphotypes, blue and non-blue, the latter including gray and yellow morphs. Blue morphs have a greater capacity for long-distance flight and transmit CLas less efficiently as compared to non-blue morphs. Differences in physiology and immunity between color morphs of the insect vector may influence disease epidemiology and biological control strategies. We evaluated the effect of CLas infection on color morph and sex-specific proteomic profiles of D. citri. Immunity-associated proteins were more abundant in blue morphs as compared to non-blue morphs but were upregulated at a higher magnitude in response to CLas infection in non-blue insects. To test for differences in color morph immunity, we measured two phenotypes: (1) survival of D. citri when challenged with the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana and (2) microbial load of the surface and internal microbial communities. Non-blue color morphs showed higher mortality at four doses of B. bassinana, but no differences in microbial load were observed. Thus, color morph polyphenism is associated with two distinct proteomic immunity phenotypes in D. citri that may impact transmission of CLas and resistance to B. bassiana under some conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeed Hosseinzadeh
- Section of Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology, School of Integrated Plant Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States.,Boyce Thompson Institute, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Steven A Higgins
- Section of Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology, School of Integrated Plant Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States.,Emerging Pests and Pathogens Research Unit, Robert W. Holley Center, USDA ARS, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - John Ramsey
- Emerging Pests and Pathogens Research Unit, Robert W. Holley Center, USDA ARS, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Kevin Howe
- Emerging Pests and Pathogens Research Unit, Robert W. Holley Center, USDA ARS, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Michael Griggs
- Emerging Pests and Pathogens Research Unit, Robert W. Holley Center, USDA ARS, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Louela Castrillo
- Emerging Pests and Pathogens Research Unit, Robert W. Holley Center, USDA ARS, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Michelle Heck
- Section of Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology, School of Integrated Plant Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States.,Boyce Thompson Institute, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States.,Emerging Pests and Pathogens Research Unit, Robert W. Holley Center, USDA ARS, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
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CxxC Zinc Finger Protein Derived Peptide, MF18 Functions Against Biofilm Formation. Protein J 2020; 39:337-349. [PMID: 32621273 DOI: 10.1007/s10930-020-09904-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The major threat in modern medicine was biofilm forming bacterial related infections and they were highly tolerant to conventional antibiotics and a boundless demand for new drugs. In this regard, antimicrobial peptide (AMP) have been considered as potential alternative agents to conventional antibiotics. In this study, we have reported a CxxC zinc finger protein derived peptide, MF18 and its various biological role including activity against biofilm forming bacteria. Zinc finger protein are important in regulation of several cellular processes and wide range of molecular functions. The CxxC zinc finger protein identified from the cDNA library of a teleost fish; further it was characterised using various online bioinformatics programs. During the in-silico analysis, an AMP named MF18 was identified from the CxxC zinc finger protein, then it was synthesised for further biological activity studies. The antimicrobial activity of MF18 was confirmed against the biofilm clinical isolates such as Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. The MIC of the antimicrobial peptide at the concentration of 320 µM was observed against these two biofilm bacteria. The mechanism of the peptides was determined using bacteria on its membrane permeabilization ability by scanning electron microscopy. It is exhibited that the MF18 potentially influenced in damaging the morphology of the bacteria. The toxicity of MF18 against the continuous cell line (RAW 264.7) was demonstrated by MTT assay and also using peripheral red blood cells by haemolytic assay; both assays showed that the peptide have no toxicity on the cells at lower concentration. Overall, the study showed the potential therapeutic application of the peptide in pharma industry.
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I PK, Sarkar P, V SR, V M, Guru A, Arshad A, Elumalai P, Arockiaraj J. Pathogenicity and Pathobiology of Epizootic Ulcerative Syndrome (EUS) Causing Fungus Aphanomyces invadans and Its Immunological Response in Fish. REVIEWS IN FISHERIES SCIENCE & AQUACULTURE 2020; 28:358-375. [DOI: 10.1080/23308249.2020.1753167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Praveen Kumar I
- SRM Research Institute, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chennai, India
| | - Purabi Sarkar
- SRM Research Institute, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chennai, India
| | - Stefi Raju V
- SRM Research Institute, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chennai, India
| | - Manikandan V
- SRM Research Institute, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chennai, India
| | - Ajay Guru
- SRM Research Institute, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chennai, India
| | - Aziz Arshad
- International Institute of Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences (I-AQUAS), Universiti Putra Malaysia, Port Dickson, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia
- Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Preetham Elumalai
- School of Processing Technology, Kerala University of Fisheries and Ocean Studies, Panangad, Kerala, India
| | - Jesu Arockiaraj
- SRM Research Institute, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chennai, India
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Jiao T, Chu XH, Gao ZQ, Yang TT, Liu Y, Yang L, Zhang DZ, Wang JL, Tang BP, Wu K, Liu QN, Dai LS. New insight into the molecular basis of Fe (III) stress responses of Procambarus clarkii by transcriptome analysis. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 182:109388. [PMID: 31299477 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.109388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2019] [Revised: 06/22/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Iron in excess can have toxic effects on living organisms. In China, the freshwater crayfish Procambarus clarkii is a source of aquatic food with high-quality protein and has significant commercial value. P. clarkii shows oxidative stress on exposure to heavy metals, and antioxidant enzymes, such as ubiquitination enzymes and proteasomes, play important roles in oxidative stress. To understand the antioxidant defense system of P. clarkii, we analyzed the hepatopancreas transcriptomes of P. clarkii after stimulation with FeCl3. In total, 5199 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified (2747 upregulated and 2452 downregulated). GO analysis revealed that these DEGs belonged to 16 cellular component, 16 molecular function, and 19 biological process subcategories. A total of 1069 DEGs were classified into 25 categories by using COG. Some antioxidant defense pathways, such as "Ubiquitin mediated proteolysis" and "Glutathione metabolism," were identified using KEGG. In addition, quantitative real time-PCR (qRT-PCR) substantiated the up-regulation of a random selection of DEGs including antioxidant and immune defense genes. We obtained information for P. clarkii transcriptome databases and new insights into the responses of P. clarkii hepatopancreas to heavy metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Jiao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Bioresources of Saline Soils, Jiangsu Synthetic Innovation Center for Coastal Bio-agriculture, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Coastal Wetland Bioresources and Environmental Protection, School of Ocean and Biological Engineering, Yancheng Teachers University, Yancheng, 224007, People's Republic of China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Hua Chu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Bioresources of Saline Soils, Jiangsu Synthetic Innovation Center for Coastal Bio-agriculture, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Coastal Wetland Bioresources and Environmental Protection, School of Ocean and Biological Engineering, Yancheng Teachers University, Yancheng, 224007, People's Republic of China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen-Qiu Gao
- School of Pharmacy, Yancheng Teachers University, Yancheng, 224007, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting-Ting Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Bioresources of Saline Soils, Jiangsu Synthetic Innovation Center for Coastal Bio-agriculture, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Coastal Wetland Bioresources and Environmental Protection, School of Ocean and Biological Engineering, Yancheng Teachers University, Yancheng, 224007, People's Republic of China; College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing University of Technology, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Bioresources of Saline Soils, Jiangsu Synthetic Innovation Center for Coastal Bio-agriculture, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Coastal Wetland Bioresources and Environmental Protection, School of Ocean and Biological Engineering, Yancheng Teachers University, Yancheng, 224007, People's Republic of China; College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing University of Technology, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Bioresources of Saline Soils, Jiangsu Synthetic Innovation Center for Coastal Bio-agriculture, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Coastal Wetland Bioresources and Environmental Protection, School of Ocean and Biological Engineering, Yancheng Teachers University, Yancheng, 224007, People's Republic of China
| | - Dai-Zhen Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Bioresources of Saline Soils, Jiangsu Synthetic Innovation Center for Coastal Bio-agriculture, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Coastal Wetland Bioresources and Environmental Protection, School of Ocean and Biological Engineering, Yancheng Teachers University, Yancheng, 224007, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia-Lian Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Bioresources of Saline Soils, Jiangsu Synthetic Innovation Center for Coastal Bio-agriculture, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Coastal Wetland Bioresources and Environmental Protection, School of Ocean and Biological Engineering, Yancheng Teachers University, Yancheng, 224007, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo-Ping Tang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Bioresources of Saline Soils, Jiangsu Synthetic Innovation Center for Coastal Bio-agriculture, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Coastal Wetland Bioresources and Environmental Protection, School of Ocean and Biological Engineering, Yancheng Teachers University, Yancheng, 224007, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai Wu
- College of Life Sciences, Shangrao Normal University, Shangrao, 334001, People's Republic of China.
| | - Qiu-Ning Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Bioresources of Saline Soils, Jiangsu Synthetic Innovation Center for Coastal Bio-agriculture, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Coastal Wetland Bioresources and Environmental Protection, School of Ocean and Biological Engineering, Yancheng Teachers University, Yancheng, 224007, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China.
| | - Li-Shang Dai
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, People's Republic of China.
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Palanisamy R, Bhatt P, Kumaresan V, Pasupuleti M, Arockiaraj J. Innate and adaptive immune molecules of striped murrel Channa striatus. REVIEWS IN AQUACULTURE 2018; 10:296-319. [DOI: 10.1111/raq.12161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 10/16/2023]
Abstract
AbstractChanna striatus, also called snakehead murrel, is an important freshwater teleost fish which has been widely cultured for its tasty flesh along with nutritional and medicinal values. The growth of both cultured and wild murrels is affected by various physical, chemical and biological factors. As a teleost fish, C. striatus is an intermediate organism between invertebrates and vertebrates. They have a well‐developed innate immune system than invertebrates and a primitive adaptive immune system compared to that of higher vertebrates, thus an interesting unique immune structure to explore. Studies have identified that a few external stimulants do instigate the immune system to fight against the pathogens at the time of infection in C. striatus. This review discusses the physicochemical and biological stress factors, immune system and immune molecules of C. striatus which are potentially involved in combating the stress factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh Palanisamy
- Division of Fisheries Biotechnology and Molecular Biology Department of Biotechnology Faculty of Science and Humanities SRM University Chennai India
| | - Prasanth Bhatt
- Division of Fisheries Biotechnology and Molecular Biology Department of Biotechnology Faculty of Science and Humanities SRM University Chennai India
| | - Venkatesh Kumaresan
- Division of Fisheries Biotechnology and Molecular Biology Department of Biotechnology Faculty of Science and Humanities SRM University Chennai India
| | - Mukesh Pasupuleti
- Lab PCN 206 Microbiology Division CSIR‐Central Drug Research Institute Lucknow India
| | - Jesu Arockiaraj
- Division of Fisheries Biotechnology and Molecular Biology Department of Biotechnology Faculty of Science and Humanities SRM University Chennai India
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Two Phytoplasmas Elicit Different Responses in the Insect Vector Euscelidius variegatus Kirschbaum. Infect Immun 2018. [PMID: 29531134 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00042-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Phytoplasmas are plant-pathogenic bacteria transmitted by hemipteran insects. The leafhopper Euscelidius variegatus is a natural vector of chrysanthemum yellows phytoplasma (CYp) and a laboratory vector of flavescence dorée phytoplasma (FDp). The two phytoplasmas induce different effects on this species: CYp slightly improves whereas FDp negatively affects insect fitness. To investigate the molecular bases of these different responses, transcriptome sequencing (RNA-seq) analysis of E. variegatus infected with either CYp or FDp was performed. The sequencing provided the first de novo transcriptome assembly for a phytoplasma vector and a starting point for further analyses on differentially regulated genes, mainly related to immune system and energy metabolism. Insect phenoloxidase activity, immunocompetence, and body pigmentation were measured to investigate the immune response, while respiration and movement rates were quantified to confirm the effects on energy metabolism. The activation of the insect immune response upon infection with FDp, which is not naturally transmitted by E. variegatus, confirmed that this bacterium is mostly perceived as a potential pathogen. Conversely, the acquisition of CYp, which is naturally transmitted by E. variegatus, seems to increase the insect fitness by inducing a prompt response to stress. This long-term relationship is likely to improve survival and dispersal of the infected insect, thus enhancing the opportunity of phytoplasma transmission.
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Kwon H, Yang H, Lee S, Nilojan J, Bathige SDNK, Nam BH, Wan Q, Lee J. Characterization of a Kazal-type serine protease inhibitor from black rockfish Sebastes schlegelii and its possible role in hepatic immune response. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 74:485-490. [PMID: 29305992 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2017.12.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Revised: 12/26/2017] [Accepted: 12/31/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Kazal-type serine protease inhibitors (KSPIs) play important roles in the regulation of endogenous proteases, cell development, blood coagulation, and immune response. In this study, we identified and characterized a KSPI homologue (SsKSPI) in black rockfish, Sebastes schlegelii. The full-length cDNA sequence of SsKSPI was 532 base pairs (bp), including an open reading frame (ORF) of 330 bp, which encodes a polypeptide of 110 amino acids with a signal peptide of 21 amino acids. The greatest value for identity (42.9%) and similarity (50.9%) was observed with Channa striata KSPI. We purified the recombinant protein of SsKSPI and performed protease inhibitory assays using three common serine proteases. The recombinant SsKSPI exhibited specific inhibitory activity against subtilisin A in a dose-dependent manner. Tissue distribution of SsKSPI mRNA has been examined amongst 10 important tissues in healthy rockfish and the liver was found to be the predominant expression organ of SsKSPI. The modulation of SsKSPI expression under immune challenges was also investigated in the liver. The SsKSPI mRNA expression was significantly up-regulated in response to both bacterial (Streptococcus iniae and lipopolysaccharide) and viral (polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid) challenges. Overall, we propose that SsKSPI is potentially involved in the hepatic immune response against bacterial and viral infections in black rockfish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyukjae Kwon
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyerim Yang
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Seongdo Lee
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Jehanathan Nilojan
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - S D N K Bathige
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Bo-Hye Nam
- Biotechnology Research Division, National Institute of Fisheries Science, 408-1 Sirang-ri, Gijang-up, Gijang-gun, Busan, 46083 Republic of Korea
| | - Qiang Wan
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province 63243, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jehee Lee
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province 63243, Republic of Korea.
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Priyadarshini SK, Subramani PA, Michael RD. Modulation of the innate immune responses in the striped snakehead murrel, Channa striata upon experimental infection with live and heat killed Aeromonas hydrophila. Open Vet J 2017; 7:157-164. [PMID: 28652983 PMCID: PMC5475240 DOI: 10.4314/ovj.v7i2.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Accepted: 05/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
It is well-known that the innate immune mechanisms in fish serve as the first line of defence against wide variety of pathogens. In most of the situations, innate responses get induced and enhanced after the pathogen invasion. It would be interesting to look into the inducibility of various innate immune mechanisms and the level of enhancement after infection with the pathogen. Hence, in the present investigation, modulation of the innate immune responses in the striped snakehead murrel, Channa striata on experimental challenge with either live virulent or heat killed Aeromonas hydrophila at a dose of 1x107 CFU (suspended in 0.2 mL PBS) were measured. Most of the non-specific (both humoral and cellular) immune responses tested were substantially induced or enhanced in both the experimental groups in comparison with the unchallenged control group. Significant increase in the lysozyme, total peroxidase, antiprotease and respiratory burst activities were observed after the pathogen challenge. Thus, most of the innate non-specific immune responses are inducible though they are constitutive of fish immune system exhibiting a basal level of activity even in the absence of pathogen challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Parasuraman Aiya Subramani
- Centre for Fish Immunology, School of Life Sciences, Vels Institute of Science, Technology and Advanced Studies (VISTAS), VELS University, Chennai – 600117, India
| | - Rajamani Dinakaran Michael
- Centre for Fish Immunology, School of Life Sciences, Vels Institute of Science, Technology and Advanced Studies (VISTAS), VELS University, Chennai – 600117, India
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12
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Arockiaraj J, Bhatt P, Kumaresan V, Dhayanithi NB, Arshad A, Harikrishnan R, Arasu MV, Al-Dhabi NA. Fish chemokines 14, 20 and 25: A comparative statement on computational analysis and mRNA regulation upon pathogenic infection. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 47:221-230. [PMID: 26363233 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2015.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2015] [Revised: 09/05/2015] [Accepted: 09/07/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we reported a molecular characterization of three CC chemokines namely, CsCC-Chem14, CsCC-Chem20 and CsCC-Chem25 which are were identified from the established cDNA library of striped murrel Channa striatus. Multiple sequence alignment of all the three chemokines revealed the presence of gene specific domains and motifs including small cytokine domain, IL8 like domain, receptor binding site and glycosaminoglycan (GAG) binding sites. Three dimensional structures of the chemokines under study showed an important facet on their anti-microbial property. Tissue specific mRNA expression showed that the CsCC-Chem14 is highly expressed in spleen, CsCC-Chem20 in liver and CsCC-Chem25 in trunk kidney. On challenge C. striatus with oomycete fungus Aphanomyces invadans, both CsCC-Chem20 and CsCC-Chem25 showed significant (P < 0.05) up-regulation compared to CsCC-Chem14. The increase in the expression levels of CsCC-Chem20 and CsCC-Chem25 due to infection showed that they are antimicrobial proteins. But considering the CsCC-Chem14 expression, it is found to be a constitutive chemokine and is involved in homeostatic function in spleen of C. striatus. C. striatus challenged with bacteria Aeromonas hydrophila also exhibited different up-regulation pattern in all the three chemokines at various time points. However, extensive studies are required to determine the functional activities of CsCC-Chem14, CsCC-Chem20 and CsCC-Chem25 in vitro and in vivo to gain more knowledge at the molecular and proteomic levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesu Arockiaraj
- Division of Fisheries Biotechnology & Molecular Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Humanities, SRM University, Kattankulathur, 603 203 Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Prasanth Bhatt
- Division of Fisheries Biotechnology & Molecular Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Humanities, SRM University, Kattankulathur, 603 203 Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Venkatesh Kumaresan
- Division of Fisheries Biotechnology & Molecular Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Humanities, SRM University, Kattankulathur, 603 203 Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Aziz Arshad
- Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Ramasamy Harikrishnan
- Department of Zoology, Pachaiyappa's College for Men, Kanchipuram 631 501, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Mariadhas Valan Arasu
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Addiriyah Chair for Environmental Studies, College of Science, King Saud University, P. O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Naif Abdullah Al-Dhabi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Addiriyah Chair for Environmental Studies, College of Science, King Saud University, P. O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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13
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Kumaresan V, Bhatt P, Ganesh MR, Harikrishnan R, Arasu M, Al-Dhabi NA, Pasupuleti M, Marimuthu K, Arockiaraj J. A novel antimicrobial peptide derived from fish goose type lysozyme disrupts the membrane of Salmonella enterica. Mol Immunol 2015; 68:421-33. [PMID: 26477736 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2015.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2015] [Revised: 09/30/2015] [Accepted: 10/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
In aquaculture, accumulation of antibiotics resulted in development of resistance among bacterial pathogens. Consequently, it became mandatory to find alternative to synthetic antibiotics. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) which are described as evolutionary ancient weapons have been considered as promising alternates in recent years. In this study, a novel antimicrobial peptide had been derived from goose type lysozyme (LyzG) which was identified from the cDNA library of freshwater fish Channa striatus (Cs). The identified lysozyme cDNA contains 585 nucleotides which encodes a protein of 194 amino acids. CsLyzG was closely related to Siniperca chuatsi with 92.8% homology. The depicted protein sequence contained a GEWL domain with conserved GLMQ motif, 7 active residues and 2 catalytic residues. Gene expression analysis revealed that CsLyzG was distributed in major immune organs with highest expression in head kidney. Results of temporal expression analysis after bacterial (Aeromonas hydrophila) and fungal (Aphanomyces invadans) challenges indicated a stimulant-dependent expression pattern of CsLyzG. Two antimicrobial peptides IK12 and TS10 were identified from CsLyzG and synthesized. Antibiogram showed that IK12 was active against Salmonella enterica, a major multi-drug resistant (MDR) bacterial pathogen which produces beta lactamase. The IK12 induced loss of cell viability in the bacterial pathogen. Flow cytometry assay revealed that IK12 disrupt the membrane of S. enterica which is confirmed by scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis that reveals blebs around the bacterial cell membrane. Conclusively, CsLyzG is a potential innate immune component and the identified antimicrobial peptide has great caliber to be used as an ecofriendly antibacterial substance in aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venkatesh Kumaresan
- Division of Fisheries Biotechnology & Molecular Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Humanities, SRM University, Kattankulathur, 603 203 Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Prasanth Bhatt
- Division of Fisheries Biotechnology & Molecular Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Humanities, SRM University, Kattankulathur, 603 203 Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Munuswamy-Ramanujam Ganesh
- Interdisciplinary Institute of Indian System of Medicine, SRM University, Kattankulathur, 603 203 Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ramasamy Harikrishnan
- Department of Zoology, Pachaiyappa's College for Men, Kanchipuram 631 501 Tamil Nadu, India
| | - MariadhasValan Arasu
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Addiriyah Chair for Environmental Studies, College of Science, King Saud University, P. O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Naif Abdullah Al-Dhabi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Addiriyah Chair for Environmental Studies, College of Science, King Saud University, P. O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mukesh Pasupuleti
- Lab PCN 206, Microbiology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, B.S. 10/1, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226 031 Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Kasi Marimuthu
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, AIMST University, Semeling Bedong, 08100 Bedong, Kedah, Malaysia
| | - Jesu Arockiaraj
- Division of Fisheries Biotechnology & Molecular Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Humanities, SRM University, Kattankulathur, 603 203 Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.
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14
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Bathige SDNK, Umasuthan N, Godahewa GI, Jayasinghe JDHE, Whang I, Noh JK, Lee J. A homolog of Kunitz-type serine protease inhibitor from rock bream, Oplegnathus fasciatus: Molecular insights and transcriptional modulation in response to microbial and PAMP stimulation, and tissue injury. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 46:285-291. [PMID: 26162478 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2015.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2015] [Revised: 06/16/2015] [Accepted: 07/02/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Serine proteases and their inhibitors play vital roles in diverse biological processes. In this study, we identified and characterized cDNA coding for a Kunitz-type serine protease inhibitor (SPI), which we designated as RbKSPI, in a commercially important species, rock bream. The full-length cDNA sequence of RbKSPI consisted of 2452 bp with an open reading frame (ORF) of 1521 bp encoding a polypeptide of 507 amino acid (aa) residues. In the RbKSPI protein, MANEC, PKD, LDLa, and two Kunitz domains responsible for various functions were identified as characteristic features. Homology analysis revealed that RbKSPI shared the highest identity with the Kunitz homolog in Takifugu rubripes (77.6%). Phylogenetic analysis indicated that RbKSPI clusters with other teleostean KSPIs. In tissue-specific expression analysis, RbKSPI transcripts were detected in all the tested tissues, with the highest expression in gill tissue, followed by kidney and intestine. The mRNA expression of RbKSPI significantly increased in blood cells upon stimulation with two strains of bacteria (Edwardsiella tarda and Streptococcus iniae) and two pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs; LPS and poly I:C). Meanwhile, down-regulated expression of RbKSPI was observed in response to tissue injury. Collectively, these results suggest that the RbKSPI may be involved in essential immune defense against microbial pathogens and in the wound-healing process.
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Affiliation(s)
- S D N K Bathige
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, School of Marine Biomedical Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province 690-756, Republic of Korea; Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province 690-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Navaneethaiyer Umasuthan
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, School of Marine Biomedical Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province 690-756, Republic of Korea; Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province 690-756, Republic of Korea
| | - G I Godahewa
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, School of Marine Biomedical Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province 690-756, Republic of Korea; Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province 690-756, Republic of Korea
| | - J D H E Jayasinghe
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, School of Marine Biomedical Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province 690-756, Republic of Korea; Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province 690-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Ilson Whang
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, School of Marine Biomedical Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province 690-756, Republic of Korea; Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province 690-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Koo Noh
- Genetics & Breeding Research Center, National Fisheries Research & Development Institute, Geoje 656-842, Republic of Korea
| | - Jehee Lee
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, School of Marine Biomedical Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province 690-756, Republic of Korea; Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province 690-756, Republic of Korea.
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