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Wei H, Qiu X, Lv M, Liu X. Expression analysis of grass carp Foxp3 and its biologic effects on CXCL-8 transcription in non-lymphoid cells. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 134:104447. [PMID: 35597302 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2022.104447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Teleost Forkhead box protein P3 (Foxp3) expression was discovered not only in regulatory T cells (Tregs) but also in other cells. Compared to the extensive study on its roles in lymphoid cells, the expression pattern and biological roles of Foxp3 in non-lymphoid cells have not been elucidated in both mammals and fish species. In the present study, grass carp Foxp3 (gcFoxp3) mRNA expression was detected in different cell types, showing that it has a moderate expression level in peripheral blood leukocytes (PBLs), head kidney leukocytes (HKLs) and grass carp fibroblast-like kidney cells (CIK cells). Interestingly, gcFoxp3 mRNA and protein expression could be significantly stimulated by polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (poly I:C) in CIK cells, indicating its participation in poly I:C-induced immune response in non-lymphoid cells. To further investigate the function of gcFoxp3, its overexpression plasmid was constructed and transfected into CIK cells. After 24 h of transfection, grass carp C-X-C chemokine ligand (CXCL) 8 (gcCXCL-8) mRNA expression was elevated, implying the modulatory role of gcFoxp3 in gcCXCL-8 mRNA expression. This notion was further supported by the features of gcCXCL-8 promoter which contained a putative Foxp3 binding site at -2196 to -2190 region. Poly I:C or overexpression of gcFoxp3 obviously stimulated gcCXCL-8 promoter activity and deletion of gcFoxp3 binding region on the promoter abolished this stimulation, revealing that Foxp3 is pivotal for transcription of CXCL-8 induced by poly I:C. In conclusion, our results collectively demonstrate expression pattern of teleost Foxp3, and illuminate novel immune function of fish Foxp3 in regulating chemokine transcription in non-lymphoid cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Wei
- School of Bioscience and Technology, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, People's Republic of China; Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xingyang Qiu
- School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengyuan Lv
- School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuelian Liu
- School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
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Eslamloo K, Caballero-Solares A, Inkpen SM, Emam M, Kumar S, Bouniot C, Avendaño-Herrera R, Jakob E, Rise ML. Transcriptomic Profiling of the Adaptive and Innate Immune Responses of Atlantic Salmon to Renibacterium salmoninarum Infection. Front Immunol 2020; 11:567838. [PMID: 33193341 PMCID: PMC7656060 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.567838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacterial Kidney Disease (BKD), which is caused by a Gram-positive, intracellular bacterial pathogen (Renibacterium salmoninarum), affects salmonids including Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). However, the transcriptome response of Atlantic salmon to BKD remained unknown before the current study. We used a 44K salmonid microarray platform to characterise the global gene expression response of Atlantic salmon to BKD. Fish (~54 g) were injected with a dose of R. salmoninarum (H-2 strain, 2 × 108 CFU per fish) or sterile medium (control), and then head kidney samples were collected at 13 days post-infection/injection (dpi). Firstly, infection levels of individuals were determined through quantifying the R. salmoninarum level by RNA-based TaqMan qPCR assays. Thereafter, based on the qPCR results for infection level, fish (n = 5) that showed no (control), higher (H-BKD), or lower (L-BKD) infection level at 13 dpi were subjected to microarray analyses. We identified 6,766 and 7,729 differentially expressed probes in the H-BKD and L-BKD groups, respectively. There were 357 probes responsive to the infection level (H-BKD vs. L-BKD). Several adaptive and innate immune processes were dysregulated in R. salmoninarum-infected Atlantic salmon. Adaptive immune pathways associated with lymphocyte differentiation and activation (e.g., lymphocyte chemotaxis, T-cell activation, and immunoglobulin secretion), as well as antigen-presenting cell functions, were shown to be differentially regulated in response to BKD. The infection level-responsive transcripts were related to several mechanisms such as the JAK-STAT signalling pathway, B-cell differentiation and interleukin-1 responses. Sixty-five microarray-identified transcripts were subjected to qPCR validation, and they showed the same fold-change direction as microarray results. The qPCR-validated transcripts studied herein play putative roles in various immune processes including pathogen recognition (e.g., tlr5), antibacterial activity (e.g., hamp and camp), regulation of immune responses (e.g., tnfrsf11b and socs1), T-/B-cell differentiation (e.g., ccl4, irf1 and ccr5), T-cell functions (e.g., rnf144a, il13ra1b and tnfrsf6b), and antigen-presenting cell functions (e.g., fcgr1). The present study revealed diverse immune mechanisms dysregulated by R. salmoninarum in Atlantic salmon, and enhanced the current understanding of Atlantic salmon response to BKD. The identified biomarker genes can be used for future studies on improving the resistance of Atlantic salmon to BKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalil Eslamloo
- Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, Canada
| | | | - Sabrina M Inkpen
- Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, Canada
| | - Mohamed Emam
- Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, Canada
| | - Surendra Kumar
- Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, Canada
| | | | - Ruben Avendaño-Herrera
- Facultad Ciencias de la Vida, Viña del Mar, and FONDAP Interdisciplinary Center for Aquaculture Research (INCAR), Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Eva Jakob
- Cargill Innovation Center-Colaco, Calbuco, Chile
| | - Matthew L Rise
- Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, Canada
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Lawrence DW, Willard PA, Cochran AM, Matchett EC, Kornbluth J. Natural Killer Lytic-Associated Molecule (NKLAM): An E3 Ubiquitin Ligase With an Integral Role in Innate Immunity. Front Physiol 2020; 11:573372. [PMID: 33192571 PMCID: PMC7658342 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.573372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural Killer Lytic-Associated Molecule (NKLAM), also designated RNF19B, is a unique member of a small family of E3 ubiquitin ligases. This 14-member group of ligases has a characteristic cysteine-rich RING-IBR-RING (RBR) domain that mediates the ubiquitination of multiple substrates. The consequence of substrate ubiquitination varies, depending on the type of ubiquitin linkages formed. The most widely studied effect of ubiquitination of proteins is proteasome-mediated substrate degradation; however, ubiquitination can also alter protein localization and function. Since its discovery in 1999, much has been deciphered about the role of NKLAM in innate immune responses. We have discerned that NKLAM has an integral function in both natural killer (NK) cells and macrophages in vitro and in vivo. NKLAM expression is required for each of these cell types to mediate maximal killing activity and cytokine production. However, much remains to be determined. In this review, we summarize what has been learned about NKLAM expression, structure and function, and discuss new directions for investigation. We hope that this will stimulate interest in further exploration of NKLAM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donald W Lawrence
- Department of Pathology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Paul A Willard
- Department of Pathology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Allyson M Cochran
- Department of Pathology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Emily C Matchett
- Department of Pathology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Jacki Kornbluth
- Department of Pathology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States.,St. Louis VA Health Care System, St. Louis, MO, United States
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Zhu D, Fu P, Huang R, Xiong L, Wang Y, He L, Liao L, Li Y, Zhu Z, Wang Y. Molecular characterization, tissue distribution and functional analysis of galectin 1-like 2 in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 94:455-463. [PMID: 31541774 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.09.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Revised: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Galectins, as an evolutionary conserved group of lectin superfamily, has the functions of pathogen recognition, anti-bacteria and anti-virus. In this study, a 405 bp cDNA sequence of galectin 1-like 2 (CiGal1-L2) was obtained from grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella), which encoded 134 amino acids with a predicted molecular mass of 15.143 kDa and an isoelectric point of 5.33. The sugar binding motifs (H-N-R, V-N and W--E-R) were detected in carbohydrate-binding domain (CRD). The amino acid sequence similarity showed that CiGal1-L2 was 40.30-42.54% and 66.42-81.20% similarity to mammalian and fish counterparts, respectively. The phylogenetic tree showed that CiGal1-L2 was clustered with fish galectin-1s and closely related to Cyprinus carpio. Real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) analysis revealed that CiGal1-L2 was widely expressed in all tested tissues. In addition, the expression of CiGal1-L2 was differentially up-regulated challenged with grass carp reovirus (GCRV), lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid (poly I:C). The fluorescence of CiGal1-L2-GFP was distributed in the cytoplasm and nucleus of HEK 293T cells and showed a trend of nuclear translocation after LPS and poly I:C treatment. Finally, the recombinant CiGal1-L2 (rCiGal1-L2) protein showed strong binding ability to LPS. In conclusion, the results provided further insight into the immune roles of galectin-1 in teleost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denghui Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China
| | - Peipei Fu
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China; Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Disease Control, Ministry of Agriculture, and State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, PR China
| | - Rong Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, PR China
| | - Lv Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China
| | | | - Libo He
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, PR China
| | - Lanjie Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, PR China
| | - Yongming Li
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, PR China
| | - Zuoyan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, PR China
| | - Yaping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, PR China; Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, PR China.
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Zhu D, Li Y, Huang R, Luo L, Chen L, Fu P, He L, Li Y, Liao L, Zhu Z, Wang Y. Molecular characterization and functional activity of Prx1 in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 90:395-403. [PMID: 31054357 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.04.302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2019] [Revised: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Peroxiredoxin (Prx) family are known as an important antioxidant enzyme as the first line of defense against oxidative damage, and also involved in immune responses following viral and bacterial infection. Here, a full-length Prx1 cDNA sequence (CiPrx1) was cloned from grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella), which was 1029 bp, including a 5'-terminal untranslated region (UTR) of 121 bp, a 3'-UTR of 272 bp, an open reading frame of 600 bp encoding 199 amino acids with molecular weight of 22.21 kDa and isoelectric point of 6.30. CiPrx1 shares 80.8-99% protein sequence similarity with Prx1 of other fishes. The conserved peroxidase catalytic center "FYPLDFTFVCPTEI" and "GEVCPA" were observed in the sequence of CiPrx1; this indicated that it was a member of 2-Cys Prx. Subcellular localization of CiPrx1 was only strongly distributed in the cytoplasm. Quantitative real-time PCR (RT-qPCR) assays revealed that CiPrx1 mRNA was ubiquitously detected in all tested tissues, and the expression was comparatively high in liver, gill and spleen. Further, the expression of CiPrx1 can be induced by grass carp reovirus (GCRV), lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid (Poly I:C) infection in the different tissues. Moreover, the recombinant CiPrx1 (rCiPrx1) protein was found a potential antioxidant enzyme, that could inhibit DNA damage from oxidants. Altogether, our results imply that CiPrx1 is associated with defending against virus and bacteria pathogens and oxidants in grass carp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denghui Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yangyang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Rong Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Lifei Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Liangming Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Peipei Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Libo He
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Yongming Li
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Lanjie Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Zuoyan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Yaping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China; Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
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