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Liu Y, He Y, Cao J, Lu H, Zou R, Zuo Z, Li R, Zhang Y, Sun J. Correlative analysis of transcriptome and proteome in Penaeus vannamei reveals key signaling pathways are involved in IFN-like antiviral regulation mediated by interferon regulatory factor (PvIRF). Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:127138. [PMID: 37776923 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023]
Abstract
Interferon regulatory factors (IRFs) are crucial transcription factors that regulate interferon (IFN) induction in response to pathogen invasion. The regulatory mechanism of IRF has been well studied in vertebrates, but little has been known in arthropods. Therefore, in order to obtain new insights into the potential molecular mechanism of Peneaus vannamei IRF (PvIRF) in response to viral infection, comprehensive comparative analysis of the transcriptome and proteome profiles in shrimp infected with WSSV after knocking down PvIRF was conducted by using RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) and isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification (iTRAQ). The sequence characterization, molecular functional evolution and 3D spatial structure of PvIRF were analyzed by using bioinformatics methods. PvIRF share the higher homology with different species in N-terminal end (containing DNA binding domain (DBD) including DNA sequence recognition sites and metal binding site) than that in C-terminal end. Within 4 IRF subfamilies of vertebrates, PvIRF had closer relationship with IRF1 subfamily. The DBD of PvIRF and C. gigas IRF1a were composed of α-helices and β-folds which was similar with the DBD structure of M. musculus IRF2. Interestingly, different from the five Tryptophan repeats highly homologous in the DBD of vertebrate IRF, the first and fifth tryptophans of PvIRF mutate to Phenylalanine and Leucine respectively, while the mutations were conserved among shrimp IRFs. RNAi knockdown of PvIRF gene by double-strand RNA could obviously promote the in vivo propagation of WSSV in shrimp and increase the mortality of WSSV-infected shrimp. It suggested that PvIRF was involved in inhibiting the replication of WSSV in shrimp. A total of 8787 transcripts and 2846 proteins were identified with significantly differential abundances in WSSV-infected shrimp after PvIRF knockdown, among which several immune-related members were identified and categorized into 10 groups according to their possible functions. Furthermore, the variation of expression profile from members of key signaling pathways involving JAK/STAT and Toll signaling pathway implied that they might participate IRF-mediated IFN-like regulation in shrimp. Correlative analyses indicated that 722 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) shared the same expression profiles with their corresponding transcripts, including recognition-related proteins (CTLs and ITGs), chitin-binding proteins (peritrophin), and effectors (ALFs and SWD), while 401 DEPs with the opposite expression profiles across the two levels emphasized the critical role of post-transcriptional and post-translational modification. The results provide candidate signaling pathway including pivotal genes and proteins involved in the regulatory mechanism of interferon mediated by IRF on shrimp antiviral response. This is the first report in crustacean to explore the IFN-like antiviral regulation pathway mediated by IRF on the basis of transcriptome and proteomics correlative analysis, and will provide new ideas for further research on innate immune and defense mechanisms of crustacean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yichen Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance, College of Life Science, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Yuxin He
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance, College of Life Science, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Jinlai Cao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance, College of Life Science, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Hangjia Lu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance, College of Life Science, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Ruifeng Zou
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance, College of Life Science, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Zhihan Zuo
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance, College of Life Science, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Ran Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance, College of Life Science, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Yichen Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance, College of Life Science, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Jinsheng Sun
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance, College of Life Science, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China.
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Shan LP, Hu Y, Hu L, Liu HW, Liu L, Chen J. Involvement of Microplastics in the Conflict Between Host Immunity Defense and Viral Virulence: Promoting the Susceptibility of Shrimp to WSSV Infection. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:11634-11642. [PMID: 37498082 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c01566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
As the concentration of microplastics/microspheres (MPs) in coastal and estuarine regions increases, the likelihood of disease outbreaks and epidemics also rises. Our study investigated the impact of polyvinyl chloride MPs (PVC-MPs) on white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) infection in shrimp. The results revealed that PVC-MPs obviously increased WSSV replication in vivo, leading to a high mortality rate among the larvae and facilitating the horizontal transmission of WSSV. Furthermore, the data of WSSV loads detected together with qPCR, agarose gel electrophoresis, and flow cytometry approaches indicated that PVC-MPs could interact with the virus to prolong survival and maintain the virulence of WSSV at different temperatures and pH values. In terms of host resistance, metabolomics and transcriptomics analysis demonstrated that exposure to PVC-MPs upregulated metabolic concentrations and gene expressions associated with phospholipid metabolism that were associated with innate immunity responses. Particularly, PVC-MPs stimulated the synthesis of phosphatidylcholine (PC) and induced lipid peroxidation. The inhibition of PC on Stimulator of Interferon Genes (STING) translocation from the endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi apparatus reduces expression of the innate immunity genes (IFN-like genes Vago4 and Vago5) regulated by STING signaling pathways, resulting in a significant decrease in the shrimp's resistance to WSSV infection. Notably, a recovery operation in which the exposed larvae were transferred to a MPs-free aquatic environment led to decreased WSSV infectivity over time, indicating the restoration of antiviral properties in shrimp. Overall, these findings highlight that MPs promote shrimp susceptibility to WSSV in two aspects: host immune defense and viral virulence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Peng Shan
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Meishan Campus, Ningbo 315832, China
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Ningbo University, Meishan Campus, Ningbo 315832, China
| | - Yang Hu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Meishan Campus, Ningbo 315832, China
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Ningbo University, Meishan Campus, Ningbo 315832, China
| | - Ling Hu
- Ningbo Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Ningbo 315000, China
| | - Han-Wei Liu
- Ningbo Customs District Technology Center, Ningbo 315100, China
| | - Lei Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Meishan Campus, Ningbo 315832, China
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Ningbo University, Meishan Campus, Ningbo 315832, China
| | - Jiong Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Meishan Campus, Ningbo 315832, China
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Ningbo University, Meishan Campus, Ningbo 315832, China
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Li Y, Slavik KM, Toyoda HC, Morehouse BR, de Oliveira Mann CC, Elek A, Levy S, Wang Z, Mears KS, Liu J, Kashin D, Guo X, Mass T, Sebé-Pedrós A, Schwede F, Kranzusch PJ. cGLRs are a diverse family of pattern recognition receptors in innate immunity. Cell 2023; 186:3261-3276.e20. [PMID: 37379839 PMCID: PMC10527820 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2023.05.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
Cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS) is an enzyme in human cells that controls an immune response to cytosolic DNA. Upon binding DNA, cGAS synthesizes a nucleotide signal 2'3'-cGAMP that activates STING-dependent downstream immunity. Here, we discover that cGAS-like receptors (cGLRs) constitute a major family of pattern recognition receptors in innate immunity. Building on recent analysis in Drosophila, we identify >3,000 cGLRs present in nearly all metazoan phyla. A forward biochemical screening of 150 animal cGLRs reveals a conserved mechanism of signaling including response to dsDNA and dsRNA ligands and synthesis of isomers of the nucleotide signals cGAMP, c-UMP-AMP, and c-di-AMP. Combining structural biology and in vivo analysis in coral and oyster animals, we explain how synthesis of distinct nucleotide signals enables cells to control discrete cGLR-STING signaling pathways. Our results reveal cGLRs as a widespread family of pattern recognition receptors and establish molecular rules that govern nucleotide signaling in animal immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Li
- Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy at Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Kailey M Slavik
- Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Hunter C Toyoda
- Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Benjamin R Morehouse
- Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | | | - Anamaria Elek
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Shani Levy
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Zhenwei Wang
- Haskin Shellfish Research Laboratory, Department of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Rutgers University, Port Norris, NJ 08349, USA
| | - Kepler S Mears
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jingjing Liu
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Dmitry Kashin
- Biolog Life Science Institute GmbH & Co. KG, Flughafendamm 9a, 28199 Bremen, Germany
| | - Ximing Guo
- Haskin Shellfish Research Laboratory, Department of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Rutgers University, Port Norris, NJ 08349, USA
| | - Tali Mass
- Department of Marine Biology, The Leon H. Charney School of Marine Sciences, University of Haifa, Mt. Carmel, Haifa 3498838, Israel; Morris Kahn Marine Research Station, The Leon H. Charney School of Marine Sciences, University of Haifa, Sdot Yam, Israel
| | - Arnau Sebé-Pedrós
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain; ICREA, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Frank Schwede
- Biolog Life Science Institute GmbH & Co. KG, Flughafendamm 9a, 28199 Bremen, Germany
| | - Philip J Kranzusch
- Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy at Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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Li Y, Slavik KM, Morehouse BR, de Oliveira Mann CC, Mears K, Liu J, Kashin D, Schwede F, Kranzusch PJ. cGLRs are a diverse family of pattern recognition receptors in animal innate immunity. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.02.22.529553. [PMID: 36865129 PMCID: PMC9980059 DOI: 10.1101/2023.02.22.529553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
cGAS (cyclic GMP-AMP synthase) is an enzyme in human cells that controls an immune response to cytosolic DNA. Upon binding DNA, cGAS synthesizes a nucleotide signal 2'3'-cGAMP that activates the protein STING and downstream immunity. Here we discover cGAS-like receptors (cGLRs) constitute a major family of pattern recognition receptors in animal innate immunity. Building on recent analysis in Drosophila , we use a bioinformatic approach to identify >3,000 cGLRs present in nearly all metazoan phyla. A forward biochemical screen of 140 animal cGLRs reveals a conserved mechanism of signaling including response to dsDNA and dsRNA ligands and synthesis of alternative nucleotide signals including isomers of cGAMP and cUMP-AMP. Using structural biology, we explain how synthesis of distinct nucleotide signals enables cells to control discrete cGLR-STING signaling pathways. Together our results reveal cGLRs as a widespread family of pattern recognition receptors and establish molecular rules that govern nucleotide signaling in animal immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Li
- Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Kailey M. Slavik
- Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Benjamin R. Morehouse
- Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | | | - Kepler Mears
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jingjing Liu
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Dmitry Kashin
- Biolog Life Science Institute GmbH & Co. KG, Flughafendamm 9a, 28199 Bremen, Germany
| | - Frank Schwede
- Biolog Life Science Institute GmbH & Co. KG, Flughafendamm 9a, 28199 Bremen, Germany
| | - Philip J. Kranzusch
- Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy at Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Lead Contact
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5
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Chen WY, Gong YQ, Zhou XR, Zhang RD, Liu SH, Lu W, Ren Q, Huang Y. Eight TRIM32 isoforms from oriental river prawn Macrobrachium nipponense are involved in innate immunity during white spot syndrome virus infection. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 131:368-380. [PMID: 36243272 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Tripartite motif (TRIM) proteins comprise a large family of RING-type ubiquitin E3 ligases that regulate important biological processes. In this study, full-length MnTRIM32 cDNA was obtained from oriental river prawn Macrobrachium nipponense, and eight MnTRIM32 isoforms generated by alternative splicing were identified. The open reading frames of the eight MnTRIM32 isoforms were predicted to be separately composed of 402, 346, 347, 346, 414, 358, 359, and 358 amino acid residues. Protein structural analysis revealed that all MnTRIM32 isoforms contained a RING domain and a coiled coil region. MnTRIM32 was ubiquitously expressed in all tissues tested, with the highest expression in the hepatopancreas. The mRNA levels of MnTRIM32 in the gills, stomach, and intestine of prawns were found to undergo time-dependent enhancement following white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) stimulation. Double-stranded RNA interference studies revealed that MnTRIM32 silencing significantly downregulated the expression levels of interferon (IFN) regulatory factor MnIRF, IFN-like factor MnVago4, and tumor necrosis factor MnTNF. Furthermore, knockdown of MnTRIM32 in WSSV-challenged prawns increased the expression of VP28 and the number of WSSV copies, suggesting that MnTRIM32 plays a positive role in limiting WSSV infection. These findings provided strong evidence for the important role of MnTRIM32 in the antiviral innate immunity of M. nipponense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Yu Chen
- College of Water Conservancy and Hydropower Engineering, Hohai University, 1 Xikang Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210098, China
| | - Yi-Qing Gong
- Institute of Water Science and Technology, Hohai University, 1 Xikang Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210098, China
| | - Xu-Ri Zhou
- Jiangsu Power Transmission and Transformation Company Limited, 280 Heyan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210038, China
| | - Rui-Dong Zhang
- College of Marine Science and Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, China
| | - Song-Hai Liu
- Jiangsu Power Transmission and Transformation Company Limited, 280 Heyan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210038, China
| | - Wei Lu
- Jiangsu Power Transmission and Transformation Company Limited, 280 Heyan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210038, China
| | - Qian Ren
- College of Marine Science and Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, China
| | - Ying Huang
- College of Oceanography, Hohai University, 1 Xikang Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210098, China.
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Kang J, Wu J, Liu Q, Wu X, Zhao Y, Ren J. Post-Translational Modifications of STING: A Potential Therapeutic Target. Front Immunol 2022; 13:888147. [PMID: 35603197 PMCID: PMC9120648 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.888147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Stimulator of interferon genes (STING) is an endoplasmic-reticulum resident protein, playing essential roles in immune responses against microbial infections. However, over-activation of STING is accompanied by excessive inflammation and results in various diseases, including autoinflammatory diseases and cancers. Therefore, precise regulation of STING activities is critical for adequate immune protection while limiting abnormal tissue damage. Numerous mechanisms regulate STING to maintain homeostasis, including protein-protein interaction and molecular modification. Among these, post-translational modifications (PTMs) are key to accurately orchestrating the activation and degradation of STING by temporarily changing the structure of STING. In this review, we focus on the emerging roles of PTMs that regulate activation and inhibition of STING, and provide insights into the roles of the PTMs of STING in disease pathogenesis and as potential targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Kang
- Research Institute of General Surgery, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jie Wu
- Department of General Surgery, BenQ Medical Center, The Affiliated BenQ Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qinjie Liu
- Research Institute of General Surgery, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiuwen Wu
- Research Institute of General Surgery, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Yun Zhao, ; Jianan Ren, ; Xiuwen Wu,
| | - Yun Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, BenQ Medical Center, The Affiliated BenQ Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Yun Zhao, ; Jianan Ren, ; Xiuwen Wu,
| | - Jianan Ren
- Research Institute of General Surgery, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Yun Zhao, ; Jianan Ren, ; Xiuwen Wu,
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Soponpong S, Amparyup P, Kawai T, Tassanakajon A. Penaeus monodon Interferon Regulatory Factor ( PmIRF) Activates IFNs and Antimicrobial Peptide Expression via a STING-Dependent DNA Sensing Pathway. Front Immunol 2022; 12:818267. [PMID: 35082798 PMCID: PMC8784814 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.818267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Interferon regulatory factors (IRFs) are transcription factors found in both vertebrates and invertebrates that were recently identified and found to play an important role in antiviral immunity in black tiger shrimp Penaeus monodon. In this study, we investigated the mechanism by which P. monodon IRF (PmIRF) regulates the immune-related genes downstream of the cytosolic DNA sensing pathway. Depletion of PmIRF by double-stranded RNA-mediated gene silencing significantly reduced the mRNA expression levels of the IFN-like factors PmVago1, PmVago4, and PmVago5 and antilipopolysaccharide factor 6 (ALFPm6) in shrimp. In human embryonic kidney (HEK293T) cells transfected with PmIRF or co-transfected with DEAD-box polypeptide (PmDDX41) and simulator of IFN genes (PmSTING) expression plasmids, the promoter activity of IFN-β, nuclear factor (NF-κB), and ALFPm6 was synergistically enhanced following stimulation with the nucleic acid mimics deoxyadenylic–deoxythymidylic acid sodium salt [poly(dA:dT)] and high molecular weight (HMW) polyinosinic–polycytidylic acid [poly(I:C)]. Both nucleic acid mimics also significantly induced PmSTING, PmIRF, and ALFPm6 gene expression. Co-immunoprecipitation experiments showed that PmIRF interacted with PmSTING in cells stimulated with poly(dA:dT). PmSTING, PmIRF, and PmDDX41 were localized in the cytoplasm of unstimulated HEK293T cells and PmIRF and PmDDX41 were translocated to the nucleus upon stimulation with the nucleic acid mimics while PmSTING remained in the cytoplasm. These results indicate that PmIRF transduces the pathogen signal via the PmDDX41–PmSTING DNA sensing pathway to induce downstream production of interferon-like molecules and antimicrobial peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suthinee Soponpong
- Center of Excellence for Molecular Biology and Genomics of Shrimp, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Piti Amparyup
- Marine Biotechnology Research Team, Integrative Aquaculture Biotechnology Research Group, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Pathumthani, Thailand.,Center of Excellence for Marine Biotechnology, Department of Marine Science, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Taro Kawai
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunobiology, Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST), Ikoma, Japan
| | - Anchalee Tassanakajon
- Center of Excellence for Molecular Biology and Genomics of Shrimp, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
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