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Smith C, Williams AL, Wines HE, Cloudy DC, Cox JO, J Seashols-Williams S, Boone EL, Green TD. Integration of a high-resolution melt curve assay into a commercial quantification kit for preliminary identification of biological mixtures. Int J Legal Med 2025; 139:1045-1052. [PMID: 39891706 PMCID: PMC12003509 DOI: 10.1007/s00414-025-03427-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2025] [Indexed: 02/03/2025]
Abstract
In recent years, DNA analysis techniques have drastically increased in sensitivity, allowing for low template DNA samples to be more easily detected and used for identification. Since the problems inherent in low template DNA are exacerbated in DNA mixture samples, it would be advantageous to incorporate an assay earlier in the DNA workflow that could detect a mixture and, potentially, determine the number of contributors. Some real-time PCR instruments have high-resolution melt curve analysis (HRM) capabilities, allowing for an opportunity to integrate an HRM screening assay into a commercial DNA quantification kit. This work describes the integration of a mixture screening HRM assay using STR loci D5S818 and D18S51 into Qiagen's Investigator Quantiplex® kit. The integrated Quantiplex®-HRM assay was tested on two qPCR platforms: The Rotor-Gene® Q and the QuantStudio™ 6 Flex. Data from this assay was analyzed using linear discriminant and support vector machine analyses for sample classification. When HRM curve data from the Rotor-Gene® Q was used for classification, the integrated assay exhibited an overall accuracy of 89.39%, correctly classifying 87.5% of single source samples and 100% of mixtures. When HRM curve data from the QuantStudio™ 6 Flex was used for classification, the integrated assay exhibited an overall accuracy of 87.88%, correctly classifying 87.5% of single source samples and 90% of mixtures. The overall accuracy of the integrated Quantiplex®-HRM assay on both instruments met our goal of ≥ 80% accuracy, demonstrating the viability of the assay to detect mixtures when integrated into a commercial quantification kit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chastyn Smith
- Department of Forensic Science, Virginia Commonwealth University, 1015 Floyd Avenue, Richmond, VA, 23284, USA.
- Integrative Life Sciences, Virginia Commonwealth University, 1000 Cary Street, Richmond, VA, 23284, USA.
| | - Andrea L Williams
- Department of Forensic Science, Virginia Commonwealth University, 1015 Floyd Avenue, Richmond, VA, 23284, USA
| | - Hannah E Wines
- Department of Forensic Science, Virginia Commonwealth University, 1015 Floyd Avenue, Richmond, VA, 23284, USA
| | - Darianne C Cloudy
- Department of Forensic Science, Virginia Commonwealth University, 1015 Floyd Avenue, Richmond, VA, 23284, USA
| | - Jordan O Cox
- Department of Forensic Science, Virginia Commonwealth University, 1015 Floyd Avenue, Richmond, VA, 23284, USA
| | - Sarah J Seashols-Williams
- Department of Forensic Science, Virginia Commonwealth University, 1015 Floyd Avenue, Richmond, VA, 23284, USA
| | - Edward L Boone
- Department of Statistical Sciences & Operations Research, Virginia Commonwealth University, 1015 Floyd Avenue, Richmond, VA, 23284, USA
| | - Tracey Dawson Green
- Department of Forensic Science, Virginia Commonwealth University, 1015 Floyd Avenue, Richmond, VA, 23284, USA
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Thanakiatkrai P, Chenphun C, Kitpipit T. African and Asian elephant ivory discrimination using a portable strip test. Forensic Sci Int Genet 2024; 70:103027. [PMID: 38422900 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsigen.2024.103027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2024] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Currently, the global elephant population has significantly declined due to the poaching of elephants for their ivory, and this is the reason why elephants are listed in the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES). However, Thailand allows the legal trade of ivory from registered, domesticated Asian elephants, leading to the smuggling of African elephant ivory, and passing them off as Asian elephant ivory. Therefore, this research aims to develop and validate a portable strip test to discriminate between Asian and African elephants DNA, using Recombinase Polymerase Amplification (RPA) and Lateral Flow Dipstick assay (LFD) according to international standards. The results showed that the strip test can be successfully developed with 100% accuracy (n = 105). This kit is specific to elephants, has a detection limit of 0.125 ng of DNA, and can effectively discriminate a variety of elephant ivory, including raw ivory, ivory products, and aged ivory over 25 years old, which had been damaged by fire, all with 100% accuracy (n = 117). Additionally, the developed strip test is designed to be portable and cost-effective. It does not require expensive laboratory equipment and provides a faster analysis process compared with conventional PCR-based methods. This will expedite the legal process and enforcement of laws related to elephant conservation, reducing the opportunities for illegal activities, and enabling timely prosecution under relevant wildlife conservation laws in Thailand and internationally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phuvadol Thanakiatkrai
- Forensic Science Program, Division of Health and Applied Sciences, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Thailand; Forensic Science Innovation and Service Center, Prince of Songkla University, Thailand
| | - Chanokkarn Chenphun
- Forensic Science Program, Division of Health and Applied Sciences, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Thailand
| | - Thitika Kitpipit
- Forensic Science Program, Division of Health and Applied Sciences, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Thailand; Forensic Science Innovation and Service Center, Prince of Songkla University, Thailand.
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Buddhachat K, Paenkaew S, Sripairoj N, Gupta YM, Pradit W, Chomdej S. Bar-cas12a, a novel and rapid method for plant species authentication in case of Phyllanthus amarus Schumach. & Thonn. Sci Rep 2021; 11:20888. [PMID: 34686666 PMCID: PMC8536675 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-00006-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Rapid and accurate species diagnosis accelerates performance in numerous biological fields and associated areas. However, morphology-based species taxonomy/identification might hinder study and lead to ambiguous results. DNA barcodes (Bar) has been employed extensively for plant species identification. Recently, CRISPR-cas system can be applied for diagnostic tool to detect pathogen's DNA based on the collateral activity of cas12a or cas13. Here, we developed barcode-coupled with cas12a assay, "Bar-cas12a" for species authentication using Phyllanthus amarus as a model. The gRNAs were designed from trnL region, namely gRNA-A and gRNA-B. As a result, gRNA-A was highly specific to P. amarus amplified by RPA in contrast to gRNA-B even in contaminated condition. Apart from the large variation of gRNA-A binding in DNA target, cas12a- specific PAM's gRNA-A as TTTN can be found only in P. amarus. PAM site may be recognized one of the potential regions for increasing specificity to authenticate species. In addition, the sensitivity of Bar-cas12a using both gRNAs gave the same detection limit at 0.8 fg and it was 1,000 times more sensitive compared to agarose gel electrophoresis. This approach displayed the accuracy degree of 90% for species authentication. Overall, Bar-cas12a using trnL-designed gRNA offer a highly specific, sensitive, speed, and simple approach for plant species authentication. Therefore, the current method serves as a promising tool for species determination which is likely to be implemented for onsite testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kittisak Buddhachat
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, 65000, Thailand.
- Department of Agricultural Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Natural Resources and Environment, Center of Excellence in Research for Agricultural Biotechnology, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, 65000, Thailand.
| | - Suphaporn Paenkaew
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, 65000, Thailand
| | - Nattaporn Sripairoj
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, 65000, Thailand
| | - Yash Munnalal Gupta
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, 65000, Thailand
| | - Waranee Pradit
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Research Center in Bioresources for Agriculture, Industry and Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Siriwadee Chomdej
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Research Center in Bioresources for Agriculture, Industry and Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.
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