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Soares F, Pimentel D, Erban A, Neves C, Reis P, Pereira M, Rego C, Gama-Carvalho M, Kopka J, Fortes AM. Virulence-related metabolism is activated in Botrytis cinerea mostly in the interaction with tolerant green grapes that remain largely unaffected in contrast with susceptible green grapes. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2022; 9:uhac217. [PMID: 36479580 PMCID: PMC9720446 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhac217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Botrytis cinerea is responsible for the gray mold disease, severely affecting Vitis vinifera grapevine and hundreds of other economically important crops. However, many mechanisms of this fruit-pathogen interaction remain unknown. The combined analysis of the transcriptome and metabolome of green fruits infected with B. cinerea from susceptible and tolerant genotypes was never performed in any fleshy fruit, mostly because green fruits are widely accepted to be resistant to this fungus. In this work, peppercorn-sized fruits were infected in the field or mock-treated, and berries were collected at green (EL32) stage from a susceptible (Trincadeira) and a tolerant (Syrah) variety. RNAseq and GC-MS data suggested that Syrah exhibited a pre-activated/basal defense relying on specific signaling pathways, hormonal regulation, namely jasmonate and ethylene metabolisms, and linked to phenylpropanoid metabolism. In addition, putative defensive metabolites such as shikimic, ursolic/ oleanolic, and trans-4-hydroxy cinnamic acids, and epigallocatechin were more abundant in Syrah than Trincadeira before infection. On the other hand, Trincadeira underwent relevant metabolic reprogramming upon infection but was unable to contain disease progression. RNA-seq analysis of the fungus in planta revealed an opposite scenario with higher gene expression activity within B. cinerea during infection of the tolerant cultivar and less activity in infected Trincadeira berries. The results suggested an activated virulence state during interaction with the tolerant cultivar without visible disease symptoms. Together, this study brings novel insights related to early infection strategies of B. cinerea and the green berry defense against necrotrophic fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flávio Soares
- BioISI - Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Diana Pimentel
- BioISI - Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Alexander Erban
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Catarina Neves
- BioISI - Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Pedro Reis
- LEAF—Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food-Research Center, Associated Laboratory TERRA, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Marcelo Pereira
- BioISI - Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Cecilia Rego
- LEAF—Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food-Research Center, Associated Laboratory TERRA, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Margarida Gama-Carvalho
- BioISI - Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Joachim Kopka
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
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Shi L, Liu B, Wei Q, Ge B, Zhang K. Genome-wide transcriptomic analysis of the response of Botrytis cinerea to wuyiencin. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0224643. [PMID: 32348310 PMCID: PMC7190121 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0224643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Grey mould is caused by the ascomycetes Botrytis cinerea in a range of crop hosts. As a biological control agent, the nucleoside antibiotic wuyiencin has been industrially produced and widely used as an effective fungicide. To elucidate the effects of wuyiencin on the transcriptional regulation in B. cinerea, we, for the first time, report a genome-wide transcriptomic analysis of B. cinerea treated with wuyiencin. 2067 genes were differentially expressed, of them, 886 and 1181 genes were significantly upregulated and downregulated, respectively. Functional categorization indicated that transcript levels of genes involved in amino acid metabolism and those encoding putative secreted proteins were altered in response to wuyiencin treatment. Moreover, the expression of genes involved in protein synthesis and energy metabolism (oxidative phosphorylation) and of those encoding ATP-binding cassette transporters was markedly upregulated, whereas that of genes participating in DNA replication, cell cycle, and stress response was downregulated. Furthermore, wuyiencin resulted in mycelial malformation and negatively influenced cell growth rate and conidial yield in B. cinerea. Our results suggest that this nucleoside antibiotic regulates all aspects of cell growth and differentiation in B. cinerea. To summarize, some new candidate pathways and target genes that may related to the protective and antagonistic mechanisms in B. cinerea were identified underlying the action of biological control agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liming Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Binghua Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Qiuhe Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Beibei Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, PR China
- * E-mail: (KZ); (BG)
| | - Kecheng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, PR China
- * E-mail: (KZ); (BG)
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Kelloniemi J, Trouvelot S, Héloir MC, Simon A, Dalmais B, Frettinger P, Cimerman A, Fermaud M, Roudet J, Baulande S, Bruel C, Choquer M, Couvelard L, Duthieuw M, Ferrarini A, Flors V, Le Pêcheur P, Loisel E, Morgant G, Poussereau N, Pradier JM, Rascle C, Trdá L, Poinssot B, Viaud M. Analysis of the Molecular Dialogue Between Gray Mold (Botrytis cinerea) and Grapevine (Vitis vinifera) Reveals a Clear Shift in Defense Mechanisms During Berry Ripening. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2015; 28:1167-80. [PMID: 26267356 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-02-15-0039-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Mature grapevine berries at the harvesting stage (MB) are very susceptible to the gray mold fungus Botrytis cinerea, while veraison berries (VB) are not. We conducted simultaneous microscopic and transcriptomic analyses of the pathogen and the host to investigate the infection process developed by B. cinerea on MB versus VB, and the plant defense mechanisms deployed to stop the fungus spreading. On the pathogen side, our genome-wide transcriptomic data revealed that B. cinerea genes upregulated during infection of MB are enriched in functional categories related to necrotrophy, such as degradation of the plant cell wall, proteolysis, membrane transport, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, and detoxification. Quantitative-polymerase chain reaction on a set of representative genes related to virulence and microscopic observations further demonstrated that the infection is also initiated on VB but is stopped at the penetration stage. On the plant side, genome-wide transcriptomic analysis and metabolic data revealed a defense pathway switch during berry ripening. In response to B. cinerea inoculation, VB activated a burst of ROS, the salicylate-dependent defense pathway, the synthesis of the resveratrol phytoalexin, and cell-wall strengthening. On the contrary, in infected MB, the jasmonate-dependent pathway was activated, which did not stop the fungal necrotrophic process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jani Kelloniemi
- 1 Université de Bourgogne, UMR 1347 Agroécologie, Pôle Interactions Plantes Micro-organismes-ERL CNRS 6300, 17 rue Sully, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Sophie Trouvelot
- 1 Université de Bourgogne, UMR 1347 Agroécologie, Pôle Interactions Plantes Micro-organismes-ERL CNRS 6300, 17 rue Sully, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Marie-Claire Héloir
- 1 Université de Bourgogne, UMR 1347 Agroécologie, Pôle Interactions Plantes Micro-organismes-ERL CNRS 6300, 17 rue Sully, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Adeline Simon
- 2 INRA, UMR 1290 BIOGER, Avenue Lucien Brétignières, 78850 Grignon, France
| | - Bérengère Dalmais
- 2 INRA, UMR 1290 BIOGER, Avenue Lucien Brétignières, 78850 Grignon, France
| | - Patrick Frettinger
- 1 Université de Bourgogne, UMR 1347 Agroécologie, Pôle Interactions Plantes Micro-organismes-ERL CNRS 6300, 17 rue Sully, 21000 Dijon, France
- 3 UMR 5240 MAP, Université Lyon 1-CNRS-Bayer CropScience, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Agnès Cimerman
- 2 INRA, UMR 1290 BIOGER, Avenue Lucien Brétignières, 78850 Grignon, France
| | - Marc Fermaud
- 4 INRA, UMR 1065 Santé et Agroécologie du Vignoble, 33882 Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Jean Roudet
- 4 INRA, UMR 1065 Santé et Agroécologie du Vignoble, 33882 Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | | | - Christophe Bruel
- 3 UMR 5240 MAP, Université Lyon 1-CNRS-Bayer CropScience, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Mathias Choquer
- 3 UMR 5240 MAP, Université Lyon 1-CNRS-Bayer CropScience, Villeurbanne, France
| | | | | | - Alberto Ferrarini
- 6 Università degli Studi di Verona, Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Strada Le Grazie 15, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Victor Flors
- 7 University of Jaume I, Plant Physiology Section, CAMN, Castellón, 12071, Spain
| | - Pascal Le Pêcheur
- 2 INRA, UMR 1290 BIOGER, Avenue Lucien Brétignières, 78850 Grignon, France
| | - Elise Loisel
- 4 INRA, UMR 1065 Santé et Agroécologie du Vignoble, 33882 Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Guillaume Morgant
- 2 INRA, UMR 1290 BIOGER, Avenue Lucien Brétignières, 78850 Grignon, France
| | - Nathalie Poussereau
- 3 UMR 5240 MAP, Université Lyon 1-CNRS-Bayer CropScience, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Jean-Marc Pradier
- 2 INRA, UMR 1290 BIOGER, Avenue Lucien Brétignières, 78850 Grignon, France
| | - Christine Rascle
- 3 UMR 5240 MAP, Université Lyon 1-CNRS-Bayer CropScience, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Lucie Trdá
- 1 Université de Bourgogne, UMR 1347 Agroécologie, Pôle Interactions Plantes Micro-organismes-ERL CNRS 6300, 17 rue Sully, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Benoit Poinssot
- 1 Université de Bourgogne, UMR 1347 Agroécologie, Pôle Interactions Plantes Micro-organismes-ERL CNRS 6300, 17 rue Sully, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Muriel Viaud
- 2 INRA, UMR 1290 BIOGER, Avenue Lucien Brétignières, 78850 Grignon, France
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Antal Z, Rascle C, Cimerman A, Viaud M, Billon-Grand G, Choquer M, Bruel C. The homeobox BcHOX8 gene in Botrytis cinerea regulates vegetative growth and morphology. PLoS One 2012; 7:e48134. [PMID: 23133556 PMCID: PMC3485016 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0048134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2012] [Accepted: 09/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Filamentous growth and the capacity at producing conidia are two critical aspects of most fungal life cycles, including that of many plant or animal pathogens. Here, we report on the identification of a homeobox transcription factor encoding gene that plays a role in these two particular aspects of the development of the phytopathogenic fungus Botrytis cinerea. Deletion of the BcHOX8 gene in both the B. cinerea B05-10 and T4 strains causes similar phenotypes, among which a curved, arabesque-like, hyphal growth on hydrophobic surfaces; the mutants were hence named Arabesque. Expression of the BcHOX8 gene is higher in conidia and infection cushions than in developing appressorium or mycelium. In the Arabesque mutants, colony growth rate is reduced and abnormal infection cushions are produced. Asexual reproduction is also affected with abnormal conidiophore being formed, strongly reduced conidia production and dramatic changes in conidial morphology. Finally, the mutation affects the fungus ability to efficiently colonize different host plants. Analysis of the B. cinerea genome shows that BcHOX8 is one member of a nine putative homeobox genes family. Available gene expression data suggest that these genes are functional and sequence comparisons indicate that two of them would be specific to B. cinerea and its close relative Sclerotinia sclerotiorum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zsuzsanna Antal
- Unité Mixte de Recherche 5240 - Microbiologie, Adaptation et Pathogénie; Université Lyon 1, CNRS, Bayer CropScience, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Christine Rascle
- Unité Mixte de Recherche 5240 - Microbiologie, Adaptation et Pathogénie; Université Lyon 1, CNRS, Bayer CropScience, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Agnès Cimerman
- Biologie et Gestion des Risques en Agriculture - Champignons Pathogènes des Plantes, INRA 1290, Thiverval-Grignon, France
| | - Muriel Viaud
- Biologie et Gestion des Risques en Agriculture - Champignons Pathogènes des Plantes, INRA 1290, Thiverval-Grignon, France
| | - Geneviève Billon-Grand
- Unité Mixte de Recherche 5240 - Microbiologie, Adaptation et Pathogénie; Université Lyon 1, CNRS, Bayer CropScience, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Mathias Choquer
- Unité Mixte de Recherche 5240 - Microbiologie, Adaptation et Pathogénie; Université Lyon 1, CNRS, Bayer CropScience, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Christophe Bruel
- Unité Mixte de Recherche 5240 - Microbiologie, Adaptation et Pathogénie; Université Lyon 1, CNRS, Bayer CropScience, Villeurbanne, France
- * E-mail:
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