1
|
Sinha D, Ivan D, Gibbs E, Chetluru M, Goss J, Chen Q. Fission yeast polycystin Pkd2p promotes cell size expansion and antagonizes the Hippo-related SIN pathway. J Cell Sci 2022; 135:274457. [PMID: 35099006 PMCID: PMC8919332 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.259046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Polycystins are conserved mechanosensitive channels whose mutations lead to the common human renal disorder autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD). Previously, we discovered that the plasma membrane-localized fission yeast polycystin homolog Pkd2p is an essential protein required for cytokinesis; however, its role remains unclear. Here, we isolated a novel temperature-sensitive pkd2 mutant, pkd2-B42. Among the strong growth defects of this mutant, the most striking was that many mutant cells often lost a significant portion of their volume in just 5 min followed by a gradual recovery, a process that we termed 'deflation'. Unlike cell lysis, deflation did not result in plasma membrane rupture and occurred independently of cell cycle progression. The tip extension of pkd2-B42 cells was 80% slower than that of wild-type cells, and their turgor pressure was 50% lower. Both pkd2-B42 and the hypomorphic depletion mutant pkd2-81KD partially rescued mutants of the septation initiation network (SIN), a yeast Hippo-related signaling pathway, by preventing cell lysis, enhancing septum formation and doubling the number of Sid2p and Mob1p molecules at the spindle pole bodies. We conclude that Pkd2p promotes cell size expansion during interphase by regulating turgor pressure and antagonizes the SIN during cytokinesis. This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Debatrayee Sinha
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Toledo, 2801 West Bancroft St, Toledo, OH 43606, USA
| | - Denisa Ivan
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Toledo, 2801 West Bancroft St, Toledo, OH 43606, USA
| | - Ellie Gibbs
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wellesley College, 106 Central Street, Wellesley, MA 02482, USA
| | - Madhurya Chetluru
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Toledo, 2801 West Bancroft St, Toledo, OH 43606, USA
| | - John Goss
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wellesley College, 106 Central Street, Wellesley, MA 02482, USA
| | - Qian Chen
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Toledo, 2801 West Bancroft St, Toledo, OH 43606, USA,Author for correspondence ()
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Moreno-Ruiz D, Salzmann L, Fricker MD, Zeilinger S, Lichius A. Stress-Activated Protein Kinase Signalling Regulates Mycoparasitic Hyphal-Hyphal Interactions in Trichoderma atroviride. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:jof7050365. [PMID: 34066643 PMCID: PMC8148604 DOI: 10.3390/jof7050365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Trichoderma atroviride is a mycoparasitic fungus used as biological control agent against fungal plant pathogens. The recognition and appropriate morphogenetic responses to prey-derived signals are essential for successful mycoparasitism. We established microcolony confrontation assays using T. atroviride strains expressing cell division cycle 42 (Cdc42) and Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 (Rac1) interactive binding (CRIB) reporters to analyse morphogenetic changes and the dynamic displacement of localized GTPase activity during polarized tip growth. Microscopic analyses showed that Trichoderma experiences significant polarity stress when approaching its fungal preys. The perception of prey-derived signals is integrated via the guanosine triphosphatase (GTPase) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signalling network, and deletion of the MAP kinases Trichoderma MAPK 1 (Tmk1) and Tmk3 affected T. atroviride tip polarization, chemotropic growth, and contact-induced morphogenesis so severely that the establishment of mycoparasitism was highly inefficient to impossible. The responses varied depending on the prey species and the interaction stage, reflecting the high selectivity of the signalling process. Our data suggest that Tmk3 affects the polarity-stress adaptation process especially during the pre-contact phase, whereas Tmk1 regulates contact-induced morphogenesis at the early-contact phase. Neither Tmk1 nor Tmk3 loss-of-function could be fully compensated within the GTPase/MAPK signalling network underscoring the crucial importance of a sensitive polarized tip growth apparatus for successful mycoparasitism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dubraska Moreno-Ruiz
- Department of Microbiology, University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (D.M.-R.); (L.S.); (S.Z.)
| | - Linda Salzmann
- Department of Microbiology, University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (D.M.-R.); (L.S.); (S.Z.)
| | - Mark D. Fricker
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RB, UK;
| | - Susanne Zeilinger
- Department of Microbiology, University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (D.M.-R.); (L.S.); (S.Z.)
| | - Alexander Lichius
- Department of Microbiology, University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (D.M.-R.); (L.S.); (S.Z.)
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Kollu NV, LaJeunesse DR. Cell Rupture and Morphogenesis Control of the Dimorphic Yeast Candida albicans by Nanostructured Surfaces. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:1361-1369. [PMID: 33490795 PMCID: PMC7818643 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c04980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Nanostructured surfaces control microbial biofilm formation by killing mechanically via surface architecture. However, the interactions between nanostructured surfaces (NSS) and cellular fungi have not been thoroughly investigated and the application of NSS as a means of controlling fungal biofilms is uncertain. Cellular yeast such as Candida albicans are structurally and biologically distinct from prokaryotic microbes and therefore are predicted to react differently to nanostructured surfaces. The dimorphic opportunistic fungal pathogen, C. albicans, is responsible for most cases of invasive candidiasis and is a serious health concern due to the rapid increase of drug resistance strains. In this paper, we show that the nanostructured surfaces from a cicada wing alter C. albicans' viability, biofilm formation, adhesion, and morphogenesis through physical contact. However, the fungal cell response to the NSS suggests that nanoscale mechanical interactions impact C. albicans differently than prokaryotic microbes. This study informs on the use of nanoscale architecture for the control of eukaryotic biofilm formation and illustrates some potential caveats with the application of NSS as an antimicrobial means.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Naga Venkatesh Kollu
- Department of Nanoscience,
Joint School of Nanoscience and Nanoengineering, University of North Carolina Greensboro, Greensboro, North Carolina 27401, United States
| | - Dennis R. LaJeunesse
- Department of Nanoscience,
Joint School of Nanoscience and Nanoengineering, University of North Carolina Greensboro, Greensboro, North Carolina 27401, United States
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Baranger C, Fayeulle A, Le Goff A. Microfluidic monitoring of the growth of individual hyphae in confined environments. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2020; 7:191535. [PMID: 32968492 PMCID: PMC7481688 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.191535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Soil fungi have the ability to form large mycelial networks. They rely on the resources available in the soil to produce biomass and are able to degrade complex biomolecules. Some of them can even degrade recalcitrant organic pollutants and are considered as promising candidates for soil bioremediation strategies. However, the success of this approach depends on the ability of fungi to colonize the soil matrix, where they encounter spatial and temporal variations of confinement, humidity and nutrient concentration. In this paper, we present a study of fungal growth at the scale of single hyphae in a microfluidic device, allowing fine control of nutrient and water supply. Time-lapse microscopy allowed simultaneous monitoring of the growth of dozens of hyphae of Talaromyces helicus, a soil isolate, and of the model fungus Neurospora crassa through parallel microchannels. The distributions of growth velocity obtained for each strain were compared with measurements obtained in macroscopic solid culture. For the two strains used in the study, confinement caused the growth velocity to drop in comparison with unconfined experiments. In addition, N. crassa was also limited in its growth by the nutrient supply, while the microfluidic culture conditions seemed better suited for T. helicus. Qualitative observations of fungi growing in microfluidic chambers without lateral confinement also revealed that side walls influence the branching behaviour of hyphae. This study is one of the first to consider the confinement degree within soil microporosities as a key factor of fungal growth, and to address its effect, along with physicochemical parameters, on soil colonization, notably for bioremediation purposes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claire Baranger
- Université de technologie de Compiègne, ESCOM, TIMR (Integrated Transformations of Renewable Matter), Biomechanics and Bioengineering, Centre de recherche Royallieu - CS 60 319 - 60 203 Compiègne Cedex, France
| | - Antoine Fayeulle
- Université de technologie de Compiègne, ESCOM, TIMR (Integrated Transformations of Renewable Matter), Biomechanics and Bioengineering, Centre de recherche Royallieu - CS 60 319 - 60 203 Compiègne Cedex, France
| | - Anne Le Goff
- Université de technologie de Compiègne, CNRS, Biomechanics and Bioengineering, Centre de recherche Royallieu - CS 60 319 - 60 203 Compiègne Cedex, France
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Otamendi A, Perez-de-Nanclares-Arregi E, Oiartzabal-Arano E, Cortese MS, Espeso EA, Etxebeste O. Developmental regulators FlbE/D orchestrate the polarity site-to-nucleus dynamics of the fungal bZIP transcription factor FlbB. Cell Mol Life Sci 2019; 76:4369-4390. [PMID: 31065746 PMCID: PMC11105705 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-019-03121-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2018] [Revised: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Permanently polarized cells have developed transduction mechanisms linking polarity sites with gene regulation in the nucleus. In neurons, one mechanism is based on long-distance retrograde migration of transcription factors (TFs). Aspergillus nidulans FlbB is the only known fungal TF shown to migrate retrogradely to nuclei from the polarized region of fungal cells known as hyphae. There, FlbB controls developmental transitions by triggering the production of asexual multicellular structures. FlbB dynamics in hyphae is orchestrated by regulators FlbE and FlbD. At least three FlbE domains are involved in the acropetal transport of FlbB, with a final MyoE/actin filament-dependent step from the subapex to the apex. Experiments employing a T2A viral peptide-containing chimera (FlbE::mRFP::T2A::FlbB::GFP) suggest that apical FlbB/FlbE interaction is inhibited to initiate a dynein-dependent FlbB transport to nuclei. FlbD controls the nuclear accumulation of FlbB through a cMyb domain and a C-terminal LxxLL motif. Overall, results elucidate a highly dynamic pattern of FlbB interactions, which enable timely developmental induction. Furthermore, this system establishes a reference for TF-based long-distance signaling in permanently polarized cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ainara Otamendi
- Biochemistry II Laboratory, Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of The Basque Country, Manuel de Lardizabal, 3, 20018, San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Elixabet Perez-de-Nanclares-Arregi
- Biochemistry II Laboratory, Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of The Basque Country, Manuel de Lardizabal, 3, 20018, San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Elixabet Oiartzabal-Arano
- Biochemistry II Laboratory, Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of The Basque Country, Manuel de Lardizabal, 3, 20018, San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Marc S Cortese
- Biochemistry II Laboratory, Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of The Basque Country, Manuel de Lardizabal, 3, 20018, San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Eduardo A Espeso
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas (CSIC), Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Oier Etxebeste
- Biochemistry II Laboratory, Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of The Basque Country, Manuel de Lardizabal, 3, 20018, San Sebastian, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Etxebeste O, Espeso EA. Neurons show the path: tip-to-nucleus communication in filamentous fungal development and pathogenesis. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2017; 40:610-24. [PMID: 27587717 DOI: 10.1093/femsre/fuw021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple fungal species penetrate substrates and accomplish host invasion through the fast, permanent and unidirectional extension of filamentous cells known as hyphae. Polar growth of hyphae results, however, in a significant increase in the distance between the polarity site, which also receives the earliest information about ambient conditions, and nuclei, where adaptive responses are executed. Recent studies demonstrate that these long distances are overcome by signal transduction pathways which convey sensory information from the polarity site to nuclei, controlling development and pathogenesis. The present review compares the striking connections of the mechanisms for long-distance communication in hyphae with those from neurons, and discusses the importance of their study in order to understand invasion and dissemination processes of filamentous fungi, and design strategies for developmental control in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Oier Etxebeste
- Biochemistry II laboratory, Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 20018 San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Eduardo A Espeso
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas (CSIC), Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Polaino S, Villalobos-Escobedo JM, Shakya VPS, Miralles-Durán A, Chaudhary S, Sanz C, Shahriari M, Luque EM, Eslava AP, Corrochano LM, Herrera-Estrella A, Idnurm A. A Ras GTPase associated protein is involved in the phototropic and circadian photobiology responses in fungi. Sci Rep 2017; 7:44790. [PMID: 28322269 PMCID: PMC5359613 DOI: 10.1038/srep44790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2016] [Accepted: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Light is an environmental signal perceived by most eukaryotic organisms and that can have major impacts on their growth and development. The MadC protein in the fungus Phycomyces blakesleeanus (Mucoromycotina) has been postulated to form part of the photosensory input for phototropism of the fruiting body sporangiophores, but the madC gene has remained unidentified since the 1960s when madC mutants were first isolated. In this study the madC gene was identified by positional cloning. All madC mutant strains contain loss-of-function point mutations within a gene predicted to encode a GTPase activating protein (GAP) for Ras. The madC gene complements the Saccharomyces cerevisiae Ras-GAP ira1 mutant and the encoded MadC protein interacts with P. blakesleeanus Ras homologs in yeast two-hybrid assays, indicating that MadC is a regulator of Ras signaling. Deletion of the homolog in the filamentous ascomycete Neurospora crassa affects the circadian clock output, yielding a pattern of asexual conidiation similar to a ras-1 mutant that is used in circadian studies in N. crassa. Thus, MadC is unlikely to be a photosensor, yet is a fundamental link in the photoresponses from blue light perceived by the conserved White Collar complex with Ras signaling in two distantly-related filamentous fungal species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Polaino
- Division of Cell Biology and Biophysics, School of Biological Sciences, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, USA
| | - José M Villalobos-Escobedo
- Laboratorio Nacional de Genómica para la Biodiversidad, CINVESTAV Sede Irapuato, Irapuato, Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - Viplendra P S Shakya
- Division of Cell Biology and Biophysics, School of Biological Sciences, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, USA
| | | | - Suman Chaudhary
- Division of Cell Biology and Biophysics, School of Biological Sciences, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, USA
| | - Catalina Sanz
- Departamento de Microbiología y Genética, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Mahdi Shahriari
- Departamento de Microbiología y Genética, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Eva M Luque
- Departamento de Genética, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Arturo P Eslava
- Departamento de Microbiología y Genética, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | | | - Alfredo Herrera-Estrella
- Laboratorio Nacional de Genómica para la Biodiversidad, CINVESTAV Sede Irapuato, Irapuato, Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - Alexander Idnurm
- Division of Cell Biology and Biophysics, School of Biological Sciences, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, USA.,School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Bartnicki-Garcia S. The evolution of fungal morphogenesis, a personal account. Mycologia 2017; 108:475-84. [DOI: 10.3852/15-272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2015] [Accepted: 01/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Salomon Bartnicki-Garcia
- Departamento de Microbiología, Centro de Investigación Científica y Educación Superior de Ensenada, CICESE, Ensenada B.C. 22860 Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Xie J, Strobel G, Xu WF, Chen J, Ren HS, An DJ, Geary B. Fungi as Architects of the Rimstone Dams in Huanglong, NSD, Sichuan, China. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2017; 73:29-38. [PMID: 27568187 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-016-0841-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Accepted: 08/17/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The Huanglong park area of the Sichuan Province of China is a unique scenic area of the world. It is known for its thousands of aquamarine-colored pools that are formed behind naturally formed rimstone dams of travertine (calcite) along a cold water stream. The travertine, based on its crystalline structural analysis, is of biological origin. This makes sense since the temperature of the waters of Huanglong varies from 5 to 7 °C and thus geochemical crystallization does not occur as it does in other locations around the world possessing thermal pools whose structures are primarily formed through cooling processes. Fungi and bacteria were discovered associated with both leaves associated with the calcite dams as well as in the older parts of well-established dams. Several species of Phytium, a phycomycete and an endophyte, accounted for over 45 % of all of the fungi successfully isolated from the well-established dam samples and at least 85 % in the floating leaf samples. Saprolegnia spp. (Phycomycetes) along with Phoma spp. (Ascomycetes) were noted along with Mortierella sp. as other dam-associated fungi. The fungal hyphae observed on dead leaf material as well as in the calcite dams directly served as nucleation points for the formation of crystalline CaCO3. Eventually, these crystals grow large enough to fuse to make calcite plates which form the main structural feature of all of the travertine dams in this area. Interestingly, each of the individual crystals associated with the dams has an associated hole in its core where a fungal hypha used to reside as observed by scanning electron microscopy. While diatoms were present in the analysis, they too seem to contribute to the structure of the dams but in a minor way. The only bacteria isolated from the older dam of this aquatic environment were Pseudomonas spp. and their role in dam formation is uncertain. Huanglong is a unique and beautiful place, and the water features present in this area can definitely be attributed to those fungal architects that encourage calcite crystal formation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, College of Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, People's Republic of China
| | - Gary Strobel
- Department of Plant Sciences, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, 59717, USA.
| | - Wei-Fang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, College of Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, College of Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui-Shuang Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, College of Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, People's Republic of China
| | - De-Jun An
- Huanglong National Scenic Resort Administrative Bureau, Songpan, Sichuan, 623300, People's Republic of China
| | - Brad Geary
- Department of Plant and Wildlife Sciences, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, 84602, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Abstract
Filamentous fungi have proven to be a better-suited model system than unicellular yeasts in analyses of cellular processes such as polarized growth, exocytosis, endocytosis, and cytoskeleton-based organelle traffic. For example, the filamentous fungus
Neurospora crassa develops a variety of cellular forms. Studying the molecular basis of these forms has led to a better, yet incipient, understanding of polarized growth. Polarity factors as well as Rho GTPases, septins, and a localized delivery of vesicles are the central elements described so far that participate in the shift from isotropic to polarized growth. The growth of the cell wall by apical biosynthesis and remodeling of polysaccharide components is a key process in hyphal morphogenesis. The coordinated action of motor proteins and Rab GTPases mediates the vesicular journey along the hyphae toward the apex, where the exocyst mediates vesicle fusion with the plasma membrane. Cytoplasmic microtubules and actin microfilaments serve as tracks for the transport of vesicular carriers as well as organelles in the tubular cell, contributing to polarization. In addition to exocytosis, endocytosis is required to set and maintain the apical polarity of the cell. Here, we summarize some of the most recent breakthroughs in hyphal morphogenesis and apical growth in
N. crassa and the emerging questions that we believe should be addressed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meritxell Riquelme
- Department of Microbiology, Centro de Investigación Científica y de Educación Superior de Ensenada (CICESE), Ensenada, Baja California, 22860, Mexico
| | - Leonora Martínez-Núñez
- Department of Microbiology, Centro de Investigación Científica y de Educación Superior de Ensenada (CICESE), Ensenada, Baja California, 22860, Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Braunsdorf C, Mailänder-Sánchez D, Schaller M. Fungal sensing of host environment. Cell Microbiol 2016; 18:1188-200. [DOI: 10.1111/cmi.12610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Revised: 05/02/2016] [Accepted: 05/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C. Braunsdorf
- Department of Dermatology; University Hospital Tübingen; Liebermeisterstr. 25 Tübingen Germany
| | - D. Mailänder-Sánchez
- Department of Internal Medicine I; University Hospital Tübingen; Otfried-Müller-Straße 10 72076 Tübingen
| | - M. Schaller
- Department of Dermatology; University Hospital Tübingen; Liebermeisterstr. 25 Tübingen Germany
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
|
13
|
Arkowitz RA, Bassilana M. Regulation of hyphal morphogenesis by Ras and Rho small GTPases. FUNGAL BIOL REV 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbr.2015.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
14
|
Rigamonti M, Groppi S, Belotti F, Ambrosini R, Filippi G, Martegani E, Tisi R. Hypotonic stress-induced calcium signaling in Saccharomyces cerevisiae involves TRP-like transporters on the endoplasmic reticulum membrane. Cell Calcium 2015; 57:57-68. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2014.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2014] [Revised: 12/05/2014] [Accepted: 12/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
15
|
Riquelme M, Sánchez-León E. The Spitzenkörper: a choreographer of fungal growth and morphogenesis. Curr Opin Microbiol 2014; 20:27-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mib.2014.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2014] [Revised: 04/24/2014] [Accepted: 04/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
|