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Kolařík M, Hulcr J. Geosmithia—widespread and abundant but long ignored bark beetle symbionts. Mycol Prog 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s11557-023-01880-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2023]
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Schebeck M, Schopf A, Ragland GJ, Stauffer C, Biedermann PHW. Evolutionary ecology of the bark beetles Ips typographus and Pityogenes chalcographus. BULLETIN OF ENTOMOLOGICAL RESEARCH 2023; 113:1-10. [PMID: 36239260 DOI: 10.1017/s0007485321000353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Ips typographus (L.) and Pityogenes chalcographus (L.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) are two common bark beetle species on Norway spruce in Eurasia. Multiple biotic and abiotic factors affect the life cycles of these two beetles, shaping their ecology and evolution. In this article, we provide a comprehensive and comparative summary of selected life-history traits. We highlight similarities and differences in biotic factors, like host range, interspecific competition, host colonization, reproductive behaviour and fungal symbioses. Moreover, we focus on the species' responses to abiotic factors and compare their temperature-dependent development and flight behaviour, cold adaptations and diapause strategies. Differences in biotic and abiotic traits might be the result of recent, species-specific evolutionary histories, particularly during the Pleistocene, with differences in glacial survival and postglacial recolonization. Finally, we discuss future research directions to understand ecological and evolutionary pathways of the two bark beetle species, for both basic research and applied forest management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Schebeck
- Department of Forest and Soil Sciences, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, BOKU, Vienna, Austria
| | - Axel Schopf
- Department of Forest and Soil Sciences, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, BOKU, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gregory J Ragland
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Colorado - Denver, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Christian Stauffer
- Department of Forest and Soil Sciences, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, BOKU, Vienna, Austria
| | - Peter H W Biedermann
- Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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Meshram V, Sharma G, Maymon M, Protasov A, Mendel Z, Freeman S. Symbiosis and pathogenicity of Geosmithia and Talaromyces spp. associated with the cypress bark beetles Phloeosinus spp. and their parasitoids. Environ Microbiol 2022; 24:3369-3389. [PMID: 35467072 PMCID: PMC9541806 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.16016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Fungi associated with cypress bark beetles are practically unknown in the Eastern Mediterranean. Our study focused on the fungi associated with the body parts and galleries of two indigenous cypress bark beetles, Phloeosinus armatus and P. bicolor, sampled from Cupressus sempervirens trees in different regions in Israel. Arbitrarily primed PCR, performed on genomic DNA of 302 isolates, clustered the fungal population into five distinct groups. Multilocus phylogeny, split‐network analyses and morphological characterization identified the isolates as Geosmithia omnicola, Geosmithia langdonii, Geosmithia sp. 708b, Geosmithia cupressina sp. nov. CBS147103 and Talaromyces cupressi sp. nov. CBS147104. Of these fungal isolates, G. cupressina and T. cupressi are newly described, and their morphological features and phylogenetic designations are presented. Inoculation of intact cypress saplings in an outdoor net‐house revealed that only the representative isolate T. cupressi sp. nov. CBS147104 causes 100% disease incidence, whereas Geosmithia spp. isolates are not pathogenic. A number of these fungi were isolated from parasitoids that emerged from branch and stem sections colonized by P. armatus. This study suggests a long and stable association between Phloeosinus and Geosmithia species, and a possible role for additional associated fungal species as pathogens or endophytes of C. sempervirens trees in Israel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vineet Meshram
- Department of Plant Pathology and Weed Research, Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Institute, Rishon LeZion, 7505101, Israel
| | - Gunjan Sharma
- Department of Plant Pathology and Weed Research, Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Institute, Rishon LeZion, 7505101, Israel
| | - Marcel Maymon
- Department of Plant Pathology and Weed Research, Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Institute, Rishon LeZion, 7505101, Israel
| | - Alex Protasov
- Department of Entomology, Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Institute, Rishon LeZion, 7505101, Israel
| | - Zvi Mendel
- Department of Entomology, Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Institute, Rishon LeZion, 7505101, Israel
| | - Stanley Freeman
- Department of Plant Pathology and Weed Research, Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Institute, Rishon LeZion, 7505101, Israel
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Zhang X, Li Y, Si H, Zhao G, Kolařík M, Hulcr J, Jiang X, Dai M, Chang R. Geosmithia Species Associated With Bark Beetles From China, With the Description of Nine New Species. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:820402. [PMID: 35369427 PMCID: PMC8964297 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.820402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Fungi of the genus Geosmithia are frequently associated with bark beetles that feed on phloem on various woody hosts. Most studies on Geosmithia were carried out in North and South America and Europe, with only two species being reported from Taiwan, China. This study aimed to investigate the diversity of Geosmithia species in China. Field surveys in Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Shandong, Shanghai, and Yunnan yielded a total of 178 Geosmithia isolates from 12 beetle species. The isolates were grouped based on morphology. The internal transcribed spacer, β-tubulin, and elongation factor 1-α gene regions of the representatives of each group were sequenced. Phylogenetic trees were constructed based on those sequences. In total, 12 species were identified, with three previously described species (Geosmithia xerotolerans, G. putterillii, and G. pallida) and nine new species which are described in this paper as G. luteobrunnea, G. radiata, G. brevistipitata, G. bombycina, G. granulata (Geosmithia sp. 20), G. subfulva, G. pulverea (G. sp. 3 and Geosmithia sp. 23), G. fusca, and G. pumila sp. nov. The dominant species obtained in this study were G. luteobrunnea and G. pulverea. This study systematically studied the Geosmithia species in China and made an important contribution to filling in the gaps in our understanding of global Geosmithia species diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuyu Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - You Li
- Vector-Borne Virus Research Center, Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Plant Virology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China.,College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China.,School of Forests, Fisheries and Geomatics Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Hongli Si
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Guoyan Zhao
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Miroslav Kolařík
- Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Jiri Hulcr
- School of Forests, Fisheries and Geomatics Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Xiaoqian Jiang
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Meixue Dai
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Runlei Chang
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
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Strzałka B, Kolařík M, Jankowiak R. Geosmithia associated with hardwood-infesting bark and ambrosia beetles, with the description of three new species from Poland. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 2021; 114:169-194. [PMID: 33420645 DOI: 10.1007/s10482-020-01510-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/05/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Geosmithia species (Hypocreales, Ascomycota) are associates of bark beetles and other arthropods. One species, Geosmithia morbida, is a virulent tree pathogen of Juglans nigra. To date, 10 Geosmithia spp. from conifer-infesting, and at least 23 species from hardwood associated bark beetles have been reported from Europe. The aim of this study was to survey Geosmithia spp. associated with 18 bark and ambrosia beetle species in hardwood ecosystems in Poland. In addition, we evaluated the pathogenicity of the six Geosmithia species by inoculating Acer, Fagus, Quercus, Tilia and Ulmus seedlings. Our surveys yielded a total of 1060 isolates from 2915 beetles and 1887 galleries. We identified isolates using morphology and ITS, β-tubulin and TEF1-α sequences. Altogether we identified 11 species including nine previously known and two new species described here as Geosmithia fagi sp. nov. and G. pazoutovae sp. nov. In addition, a sister species G. longistipitata sp. nov., associated with Picea trees, is described here. Bark beetles from hardwoods, with exeption of Dryocoetes alni, D. villosus, Scolytus ratzeburgi and ambrosia beetles, appear to be regular vectors of Geosmithia spp. Like in other parts of the world, most Geosmithia taxa exhibited a distinct level of vector/host specificity. None of Geosmithia isolates induced any disease symptoms under the conditions of our experiment. This study highlights the need for more intensive surveys across additional areas of Central and Northern Europe, insect vectors and host tree species in order to elucidate the Geosmithia species diversity in this region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beata Strzałka
- Department of Forest Ecosystems Protection, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Al. 29 Listopada 46, 31-425, Kraków, Poland
| | - Miroslav Kolařík
- Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, v.v.i. Vídeňská 1083, 142 20, Prague 4, Czech Republic.
| | - Robert Jankowiak
- Department of Forest Ecosystems Protection, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Al. 29 Listopada 46, 31-425, Kraków, Poland.
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Phylogenetic Position of Geosmithia spp. (Hypocreales) Living in Juniperus spp. Forests (Cupressaceae) with Bark Beetles of Phloeosinus spp. (Scolytinae) from the Northeast of Mexico. FORESTS 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/f11111142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Geosmithia members are mitosporic filamentous fungi commonly recorded and isolated from bark beetles of the Scolytinae subfamily and their respective host’s species. This genus includes 18 species formally described and 38 phylogenetic species recorded in several localities from Africa, Asia, Australia, Europe, and North and South America, where they exhibit frequent associations with phloeophagous and wood-boring bark beetles. Among phloephagous bark beetle species, specifically, in members of the genus Phloeosinus Chapuis, almost 10% of Geosmithia strains have been isolated. By its physiographic elements and high bark beetle and conifer species richness, Mexico is a potential region to host a high diversity of Geosmithia species and potential new species. In the present study, we systematically sampled and isolated, cultured, and molecularly identified members of the Geosmithia species associated with Phloeosinus spp. and their Juniperus spp. host trees at the north of Sierra Madre Oriental, at Nuevo Leon State, Mexico. Phylogenetic analyses based on 378 internal transcribed spacer region (ITS) sequences supported the presence of strains from Geosmithia langdonii-Geosmithia sp. 32 clade associated with Phloeosinus serratus vector and with Juniperus coahuilensis (JC) host, and the presence of strains from Geosmithia sp. 21-Geosmithia xerotolerans clade with Phloeosinusdeleoni and Juniperus flaccida (JF) in this geographical region. The genetic and morphological differences found in our strains with respect to those previously described in the species from both clades (Geosmithia langdonii-Geosmithia sp. 32 and Geosmithia sp. 21-G. xerotolerans) suggest that both Geosmithia lineages from Nuevo Leon correspond to two potential new species in the genus.
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Veselská T, Skelton J, Kostovčík M, Hulcr J, Baldrian P, Chudíčková M, Cajthaml T, Vojtová T, Garcia-Fraile P, Kolařík M. Adaptive traits of bark and ambrosia beetle-associated fungi. FUNGAL ECOL 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.funeco.2019.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Huang YT, Skelton J, Johnson AJ, Kolařík M, Hulcr J. Geosmithia species in southeastern USA and their affinity to beetle vectors and tree hosts. FUNGAL ECOL 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.funeco.2019.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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Hidden mycota of pine needles: Molecular signatures from PCR-DGGE and Ribosomal DNA phylogenetic characterization of novel phylotypes. Sci Rep 2018; 8:18053. [PMID: 30575771 PMCID: PMC6303302 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-36573-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies for enumerating fungal communities on pine needles relied entirely on phenotypic diversity (microscopy) or identification based on DNA sequence data from those taxa recovered via cultural studies. To bypass limitations of the culturing methods and provide a more realistic diversity estimate, we employed and assessed a PCR-DGGE based method coupled with rDNA phylogenetic sequence analyses to characterize fungal taxa associated with pine needles. Fresh (living) and decayed needles from three hosts of the Pinaceae (Keteleeria fortunei, Pinus elliottii and P. massoniana) were examined. Morphological studies reveal that the most abundant species associated with decayed needles were Cladosporium cladosporioides and an unidentified Trichoderma species followed by Gliocephalotrichum sp., Gliocladium sp., Lophodermium pinastri, Paecilomyces varioti, Phaeostalagmus cyclosporus and a Phoma sp, which are commonly occurring fungi. Community genomic data from freshly collected and decayed pine needles recovered 40 operational taxonomic units, which appear to be mostly undetected members of the natural fungal consortium. Sequence analyses revealed a number of phylotypes or “species” that were not recovered using traditional morphological and cultural approaches previously used. Phylogenetic data from partial 18S rDNA sequence data reveal that most phylotypes represent potential novel phylogenetic fungal lineages with affinities to the Dothideomycetes, Leotiomycetes, Lecanoromycetes and Sordariomycetes and were not identical to previously known endophytes or saprobes. Although the major ecological roles of these phylotypes in pine needles are still enigmatic, this study provides new insights in hidden fungal diversity that mycologists are possibly ignoring given the discrepancies associated with available methods. To what extent do previously recovered identified species (either as saprobes or endophytes) from morphological or culturing studies act as pioneer decomposers or constitute an integral part of endophytic community warrants further investigation.
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Huang YT, Kolařík M, Kasson MT, Hulcr J. Two new Geosmithia species in G. pallida species complex from bark beetles in eastern USA. Mycologia 2018; 109:790-803. [PMID: 29388883 DOI: 10.1080/00275514.2017.1410422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Species of Geosmithia are cosmopolitan but understudied fungi, and most are associated with phloem-feeding bark beetles on various woody hosts. We surveyed 207 bark and ambrosia beetles from 37 species in the eastern USA for associated fungi. The community is dominated by species in the G. pallida species complex (GPSC) and included several Geosmithia isolates that appear to be new to science. The new Geosmithia isolates exhibited the characteristic brownish-colored colonies typical for the G. pallida species complex and were phylogenetically resolved as two genealogically exclusive lineages based on a concatenated multilocus data set based on the internal transcribed spacers (ITS) of the nuc rDNA (ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 = ITS), and the translation elongation factor 1-α (TEF1-α), β-tubulin (TUB2), and RNA polymerase II second largest subunit (RPB2) genes. Two new Geosmithia species, G. brunnea and G. proliferans, are proposed, and their morphological traits and phylogenetic placements are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y-T Huang
- a School of Forest Resources and Conservation , University of Florida , Gainesville , Florida 32611
| | - M Kolařík
- b Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences , Vídeňská 1083, 142 20 Prague 4, Czechia
| | - M T Kasson
- c Division of Plant and Soil Sciences , West Virginia University , Morgantown , West Virginia 26506
| | - J Hulcr
- a School of Forest Resources and Conservation , University of Florida , Gainesville , Florida 32611.,d Entomology and Nematology Department , University of Florida , Gainesville , Florida 32611
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Kolařík M, Hulcr J, Tisserat N, De Beer W, Kostovčík M, Kolaříková Z, Seybold SJ, Rizzo DM. Geosmithia associated with bark beetles and woodborers in the western USA: taxonomic diversity and vector specificity. Mycologia 2017; 109:185-199. [DOI: 10.1080/00275514.2017.1303861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Miroslav Kolařík
- Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, v.v.i, Vídeňská 1083, 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Jiri Hulcr
- School of Forest Resources and Conservation, University of Florida, PO Box 110410, Gainesville, Florida 32611
| | - Ned Tisserat
- Department of Bioagricultural Sciences and Pest Management, Colorado State University, Plant Sciences Building 1177, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523
| | - Wilhelm De Beer
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, 0002 Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Martin Kostovčík
- Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, v.v.i, Vídeňská 1083, 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Zuzana Kolaříková
- Department of Mycorrhizal Symbioses, Institute of Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Zámek 1, 252 43 Průhonice, Czech Republic
| | - Steven J. Seybold
- Chemical Ecology of Forest Insects, United States Department of Agriculture Forest Service Pacific Southwest Research Station, HDH001 Orchard Park Drive, Davis, California 95616
| | - David M. Rizzo
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616
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Linnakoski R, Mahilainen S, Harrington A, Vanhanen H, Eriksson M, Mehtätalo L, Pappinen A, Wingfield MJ. Seasonal Succession of Fungi Associated with Ips typographus Beetles and Their Phoretic Mites in an Outbreak Region of Finland. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0155622. [PMID: 27187192 PMCID: PMC4871339 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0155622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2016] [Accepted: 05/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The ophiostomatoid fungi (Microascales and Ophiostomatales, Ascomycota) are common associates of Ips typographus, and include tree pathogens and species responsible for blue-stain of timber. Fungal assemblages associated with I. typographus have varied considerably between studies but few investigations have attempted to explain this variation. For this reason, we assessed the overall cultivable fungal diversity associated with I. typographus in a storm-felled spruce forest in south-eastern Finland. Fungi were isolated from the individually collected beetles as well as their phoretic mites in spring, summer and autumn, including different life stages of the beetle (hibernation, dispersal flight and first generation). The internal transcribed spacer (ITS) gene region was used to identify the fungi. A total of 32 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were found and these resided in four fungal phyla/subphyla (24 Ascomycota, 2 Basidiomycota, 5 Mucoromycotina, 1 Mortierellomycotina) in association with adult bark beetles. Ophiostomatoid species were the most commonly detected fungal associates. A generalized linear model analysis showed a clear association between fungal communities and season, indicating seasonal succession among I. typographus-associated fungi. The season of sampling appears to be an important factor that has resulted in inconsistencies between results in previous studies. Many of these fungi were also found on phoretic mites and their presence or absence could have influenced variation in patterns of association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riikka Linnakoski
- Department of Forest Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
- * E-mail:
| | - Saila Mahilainen
- School of Forest Sciences, Faculty of Science and Forestry, University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu, Finland
| | | | - Henri Vanhanen
- Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Joensuu, Finland
| | - Miikka Eriksson
- School of Applied Educational Science and Teacher Education, Philosophical Faculty, University of Eastern Finland, Savonlinna, Finland
| | - Lauri Mehtätalo
- School of Computing, University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu, Finland
| | - Ari Pappinen
- School of Forest Sciences, Faculty of Science and Forestry, University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu, Finland
| | - Michael J. Wingfield
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
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