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de Dios-Aguado M, Cunha-Oliveira A, Cotto-Andino M, Gama de Sousa Aperibense PG, de Almeida Peres MA, Gómez-Cantarino S. Gender diversity and syphilis: something's going on? FRONTIERS IN SOCIOLOGY 2023; 8:1232609. [PMID: 37920672 PMCID: PMC10619971 DOI: 10.3389/fsoc.2023.1232609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
Introduction This study aims to analyze the influence of syphilis among people with sexual and gender diversity, different from the binary dimension. Materials and methods A systematic review was conducted as a method to address the objective of the study, based on the Dialectical Structural Model of Care (DSM), to obtain the phenomenon from the perspective of cultural history. Results In this review the analysis of 129 documents, of which 22 texts were used. The construction of sex and gender in Western civilization is based on the Judeo-Christian tradition, which permitted many people throughout history to be persecuted and mistreated for living a lifestyle different from that dictated by religious and traditional canons. Therefore, throughout history, gender-diverse people, sexual minorities, and prostitutes have suffered segregation, mockery, aggression, and health problems, including syphilis. Conclusions Despite having a treatment and cure, syphilis has stood the test of time and has remained a secret pathology that is obscure and difficult to detect disease, which is still very much present in people of all social classes. It is necessary to review history to understand the reasons why syphilis is still prevalent in different societies today.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aliete Cunha-Oliveira
- Health Sciences Research Unit: Nursing (UICISA: E) and Nursing School of Coimbra (ESEnfC), Coimbra, Portugal
- CEIS-20 da Universidade de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Maylene Cotto-Andino
- Department of Modern Languages, Faculty of Education, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, Spain
| | | | | | - Sagrario Gómez-Cantarino
- Health Sciences Research Unit: Nursing (UICISA: E) and Nursing School of Coimbra (ESEnfC), Coimbra, Portugal
- Faculty of Physiotherapy and Nursing, Toledo Campus, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, Spain
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Santander-Morillas K, Leyva-Moral JM, Villar-Salgueiro M, Aguayo-González M, Téllez-Velasco D, Granel-Giménez N, Gómez-Ibáñez R. TRANSALUD: A qualitative study of the healthcare experiences of transgender people in Barcelona (Spain). PLoS One 2022; 17:e0271484. [PMID: 35921271 PMCID: PMC9348718 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0271484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Transgender identities are still considered a psychiatric pathology in many countries according to the prevailing biomedical model. However, in recent years, this pathologizing vision has begun to shift towards a perspective that focuses on the diversity of transgender peoples’ experiences. However, some transgender people still face denial of services, discrimination, harassment, and even violence by healthcare professionals, causing them to avoid seeking ongoing or preventive healthcare. This article describes the health experiences of transgender people in Barcelona regarding their access and use of non-specialized health services. Semi-structured interviews were conducted using a descriptive phenomenological approach with sixteen transgender people between December 2018 and July 2019. The data were analyzed descriptively and thematically following the method proposed by Colaizzi with the help of the Atlas.ti8 software. Transgender people care experiences were divided into three categories: overcoming obstacles, training queries, and coping strategies. Participants identified negative experiences and difficulties with the health system due to healthcare providers’ lack of competence. Discriminatory, authoritarian, and paternalist behaviors are still present and hinder the therapeutic relationship, care, and access to healthcare services. There is a fundamental need for the depathologization of transgender reality and training for healthcare professionals in the field of sexual diversity. Training in sexual and gender diversity must be included in the curricula of university courses in the health sciences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Santander-Morillas
- Hospital Vall d’Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
- Nursing Department, Faculty of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juan M. Leyva-Moral
- Nursing Research Group in Vulnerability and Health (GRIVIS), Nursing Department, Faculty of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- * E-mail:
| | | | - Mariela Aguayo-González
- Nursing Research Group in Vulnerability and Health (GRIVIS), Nursing Department, Faculty of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - David Téllez-Velasco
- Hospital Vall d’Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
- Nursing Department, Faculty of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nina Granel-Giménez
- Nursing Research Group in Vulnerability and Health (GRIVIS), Nursing Department, Faculty of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rebeca Gómez-Ibáñez
- Nursing Research Group in Vulnerability and Health (GRIVIS), Nursing Department, Faculty of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Thelwall M, Devonport TJ, Makita M, Russell K, Ferguson L. Academic LGBTQ+ Terminology 1900-2021: Increasing Variety, Increasing Inclusivity? JOURNAL OF HOMOSEXUALITY 2022:1-25. [PMID: 35475685 DOI: 10.1080/00918369.2022.2070446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
LGBTQ+ labels and terminology in society embed ideological assumptions and affect who gains community support and protection. In academia, terminology is also needed to help define study objects, methods, and goals. Academics therefore need to choose their words to be both precise and appropriate, adjusting to changes in societal language. This article assesses the evolution of LGBTQ+ terminology in the titles and abstracts of academic journal articles since 1900 to identify the main trends. Based on a search of 74 LGBTQ+ terms in Scopus, LGBTQ+ related journal articles have almost continually increased in prevalence since 1900. In parallel, the concept of homosexuality that dominated early research has almost disappeared, being replaced by the word gay or more specific terms, such as lesbian or bisexual. Transexual terminology has also been supplanted by transgender and trans* terminology. At various points in time other LGBTQ+ terms have emerged with activist, health professional and academic origins. These include multiple acronyms, inclusive phrases, and activity-specific phrases (e.g., men who have sex with men) that are not used by the LGBTQ+ community. Currently, no terminologies are dominant, with this plurality probably reflecting differing research needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mike Thelwall
- Statistical Cybermetrics Research Group, University of Wolverhampton, Wolverhampton, UK
| | | | - Meiko Makita
- Statistical Cybermetrics Research Group, University of Wolverhampton, Wolverhampton, UK
| | - Kate Russell
- School of Education & Lifelong Learning, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - Lois Ferguson
- School of Education & Lifelong Learning, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
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Castro-Peraza ME, García-Acosta JM, Delgado N, Perdomo-Hernández AM, Sosa-Alvarez MI, Llabrés-Solé R, Lorenzo-Rocha ND. Gender Identity: The Human Right of Depathologization. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:E978. [PMID: 30889934 PMCID: PMC6466167 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16060978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2019] [Revised: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background: Transgender people have a gender identity different from the one allocated to them at birth. In many countries, transsexualism and transgenderism are considered mental illnesses under the diagnosis of gender dysphoria. This pathologization impacts on human rights. Maincontent: The United Nations (UN) has denounced violations against trans-people, including attacks, forced medical treatments, lack of legal gender recognition, and discrimination in the areas of education, employment, access to healthcare, and justice. The UN has linked these violations directly with discriminatory diagnostic classifications that pathologize gender diversity. Trans-people have been pathologized by psycho-medical classification and laws all around the world, with a different impact depending on countries. This paper argues that pathologization infringes infringes upon a wide range of human rights such as; civil, economic, social cultural and also the access to medical care. Conclusions: The current situation for trans-people with respect to legal healthcare matters, depends on the country. Human rights are universal, not a question for cultural interpretation. They are the minimum that every human being must have assured only by the fact of being human. Countries must protect these rights by regulating trans-pathologization with special attention dedicated to intersex people and their specific needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Elisa Castro-Peraza
- Faculty of Nursing N. S. Candelaria, University of La Laguna, Canary Islands Public Health Service, 38010 Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain.
| | - Jesús Manuel García-Acosta
- Faculty of Nursing N. S. Candelaria, University of La Laguna, Canary Islands Public Health Service, 38010 Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain.
| | - Naira Delgado
- Faculty of Psychology, University of La Laguna, 38071 Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain.
| | - Ana María Perdomo-Hernández
- Faculty of Nursing N. S. Candelaria, University of La Laguna, Canary Islands Public Health Service, 38010 Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain.
| | - Maria Inmaculada Sosa-Alvarez
- Faculty of Nursing N. S. Candelaria, University of La Laguna, Canary Islands Public Health Service, 38010 Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain.
| | - Rosa Llabrés-Solé
- Faculty of Nursing N. S. Candelaria, University of La Laguna, Canary Islands Public Health Service, 38010 Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain.
| | - Nieves Doria Lorenzo-Rocha
- Faculty of Nursing N. S. Candelaria, University of La Laguna, Canary Islands Public Health Service, 38010 Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain.
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Outeiriño BP, del Fresno García M, Urada L. Online transgender Sex Work and Public Health. A Netnographic Study in Tenerife. COMUNITANIA 2018; 15:243-262. [PMID: 35178332 PMCID: PMC8849580 DOI: 10.5944/comunitania.15.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to understand and describe the nature of internet advertisements of transgender sex workers, and how demand drives the configuration of their services. An analysis of the offer-demand contents (n = 257) was carried out on a sexual contact website. Five categories were identified: sociodemographic characteristics, supply management, sexual services, health and clients. The results include risk factors associated with public health and social exclusion within this group. The results may inform strategies for developing socio-health interventions targeted towards transgender women in the situation of prostitution.
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Gil-Borrelli C, Velasco C, Martí-Pastor M, Latasa P. [Gender identity, a factor of inequality forgotten by Spanish health information systems]. GACETA SANITARIA 2017; 32:184-186. [PMID: 29229194 DOI: 10.1016/j.gaceta.2017.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Revised: 10/04/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The Spanish Health Information System (HIS) collects health information. Trans people have poorer health status. This paper aimed to assess the adequacy of the HIS to collect the health data on trans individuals. The HIS sources available in the Statistical Portal of the National Health System were reviewed. The sources containing population health data were selected. The variables "sex" and "gender identity" were searched. Nineteen sources were identified. In all of them the variable "sex" was found, whereas "gender identify" did not appear in any of the 19. In two sources, the variable "sex" allowed values of "transsexual". The SIS contains little information regarding gender identity. This leads to the invisibility of trans people in Spanish health statistics. Obtaining this information would allow for a better understanding of the barriers to health care access, and the health needs of one of the most discriminated groups in our society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Gil-Borrelli
- Iniciativa Sociosanitaria de Cooperación para la Equidad LGBTIQ de España (ISOSCELES), España
| | - César Velasco
- Iniciativa Sociosanitaria de Cooperación para la Equidad LGBTIQ de España (ISOSCELES), España
| | - Marc Martí-Pastor
- Instituto Hospital del Mar de Investigaciones Médicas (IMIM), Barcelona, España
| | - Pello Latasa
- Iniciativa Sociosanitaria de Cooperación para la Equidad LGBTIQ de España (ISOSCELES), España.
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