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Jafarnezhadgero AA, Piran Hamlabadi M, Anvari M, Zago M. Long-term effects of shoe mileage on knee and ankle joints muscle co-contraction during walking in females with genu varus. Gait Posture 2021; 89:74-79. [PMID: 34246175 DOI: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2021.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Shoe mileage may influence the risk of sustaining injuries during walking. RESEARCH QUESTION What are the effects of shoe mileage on knee and ankle muscle co-contraction during walking in females with genu varus? METHODS Fifteen healthy and 15 women diagnosed with genu varus received a new pair of running shoes. They were asked to wear these shoes over 6 months. Pre and post intervention, muscle activities of the dominant limb were recorded during a walking test at preferred gait speed. Two dependent variables were assessed to examine muscle co-contraction: (1) directed co-contraction ratios of agonists and antagonists, and (2) general joint muscle co-contraction. FINDINGS Results demonstrated significant main effects of the "shoe" factor for general ankle co-contraction during the push-off phase (p = 0.013, d = 1.503). Irrespective of experimental group, paired comparisons revealed significantly lower general ankle co-contraction during the push-off phase after the intervention. A significant main effects of "shoe" for general knee co-contraction during loading phase (p = 0.025, d = 0.895) was also observed. In both groups, paired comparison revealed significantly lower general knee co-contraction during the push-off phase in the post condition. We did not find any significant main effect of group nor group-by-shoe interaction for general ankle co-contraction during the stance phase. Likewise, we did not observe any significant main effect of "shoe", "group" and "group-by-shoe" interaction for mediolateral directed knee co-contraction during stance phase of walking (p > 0.05). SIGNIFICANCE Our findings showed that the shoe mileage but not the genu varus condition affects the general and directed co-contraction of the muscles stabilizing the knee and ankle joints. Together with the observed findings on ankle and knee muscle co-contraction, it is essential to change running shoes after a long wearing time in both healthy and genu varus females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Ali Jafarnezhadgero
- Department of Sport Management and Biomechanics, Faculty of Education Sciences and Psychology, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran.
| | - Milad Piran Hamlabadi
- Department of Sport Management and Biomechanics, Faculty of Education Sciences and Psychology, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Maryam Anvari
- Department of Sport Management and Biomechanics, Faculty of Education Sciences and Psychology, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Matteo Zago
- Department of Mechanics, Politecnico di Milano, Lecco, Italy.
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Stief F, Holder J, Böhm H, Meurer A. [Dynamic analysis of joint loading due to leg axis deformity in the frontal plane : Relevance of instrumented gait analysis]. DER ORTHOPADE 2021; 50:528-537. [PMID: 34156498 DOI: 10.1007/s00132-021-04121-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Instrumented 3D gait analysis (IGA) has been established for the functional evaluation of orthopedic diseases. It can provide valuable additional information beyond conventional static radiographic diagnostics and, thus, contributes to treatment decisions and a successful surgical outcome. Regarding the assessment of leg axis deformities IGA is currently only used in a few specialized centers. PRACTICE This article describes the methods used by IGA and shows its benefit for the treatment of leg axis deformities of the knee in the frontal plane. In particular, the calculation of dynamic joint loads provides important insights regarding the development of degenerative joint deformities in the knee joint and, thus, complements the static assessment of the leg axis. A new treatment algorithm for guided growth intervention in children and adolescents by temporary epiphysiodesis is presented. IGA can be particularly useful for clinical decision-making in borderline cases. If there is a discrepancy between the static leg axis and dynamic knee joint loading, IGA can reveal potential compensatory mechanisms during walking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Stief
- Klinik für Orthopädie (Friedrichsheim), Universitätsklinikum Frankfurt, Marienburgstraße 2, 60528, Frankfurt am Main, Deutschland.
| | - Jana Holder
- Klinik für Orthopädie (Friedrichsheim), Universitätsklinikum Frankfurt, Marienburgstraße 2, 60528, Frankfurt am Main, Deutschland
| | - Harald Böhm
- Orthopädische Kinderklinik, Aschau im Chiemgau, Deutschland
- PFH Private Hochschule, Göttingen, Deutschland
| | - Andrea Meurer
- Klinik für Orthopädie (Friedrichsheim), Universitätsklinikum Frankfurt, Marienburgstraße 2, 60528, Frankfurt am Main, Deutschland
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Boquan Q, Yi R, Tingjiang G, Xi L, Hui Z. Complex foot deformities associated with lower limb deformities: a new therapeutic strategy for simultaneous correction using Ilizarov procedure together with osteotomy and soft tissue release. J Orthop Surg Res 2020; 15:492. [PMID: 33097068 PMCID: PMC7585178 DOI: 10.1186/s13018-020-02021-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM The aim of the current study is to introduce a new therapeutic strategy for simultaneous correction of complex foot deformities (CFD) and the associated lower limb deformities (LLD) by using Ilizarov technique with osteotomy and soft tissue procedure and to report its early clinical results. METHODS A retrospective review of CFD associated with LLD simultaneous correction utilizing the Ilizarov procedure together with osteotomy and soft tissue balance from 2015 to 2019 was conducted. RESULTS Thirty-two patients were followed for an average of 42.8 months. The mean external fixation time (EFT) was 6.5 months. The mean healing index (HI) was 1.7 months/cm. At the time of fixator removal, plantigrade feet were achieved in all patient and lower limb deformities were corrected. No recurrence of the deformities occurred. The mean LLRS AIM score was improved from 7.5 to 0.3. At the final follow-up, the ASAMI-Paley score was graded as excellent in all limbs in the aspect of bone results, and functional results were defined as excellent in 29 (90.6%) limbs and good in 3 (9.4%) limbs. The mean modified Dimeglio score was significantly improved from 7.2 to 1.3. No deep infection of the osteotomy site or nonunion was noted in the current study. CONCLUSION The therapeutic strategy by using the Ilizarov procedure together with osteotomy and soft tissue balance is a safe and effective way to simultaneously correct CFD and LLD. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level IV, retrospective case series.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Boquan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37, Guoxue Avenue, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan Province, China.,Disaster Medicine Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Ren Yi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37, Guoxue Avenue, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan Province, China.,Disaster Medicine Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Gan Tingjiang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37, Guoxue Avenue, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan Province, China.,Disaster Medicine Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Liu Xi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37, Guoxue Avenue, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan Province, China.,Disaster Medicine Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Zhang Hui
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37, Guoxue Avenue, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan Province, China. .,Disaster Medicine Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan Province, China.
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Heydarian M, Babakhani F, Hatefi M, Balouchi R, Mohammadian M. Effects of a band loop on muscle activity and dynamic Knee valgus during pedaling. Gait Posture 2020; 82:301-305. [PMID: 33007687 DOI: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2020.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Change in the lower extremity alignments in the frontal plane and muscle activation patterns have been associated with lower extremity injuries. Therefore, to prevent injuries, many therapeutic protocols focus on find ways to correct dynamic knee valgus (DKV). METHODS Thirty-one recreational male cyclists with DKV (26.4 ± 4.5 years, 176.63 ± 7.51 cm, 75.81 ± 9.29 kg, 23.20 ± 4.15 kg/m2) volunteered to participate in this study. Simultaneous recordings of kinematic and electromyography data were performed on ten consecutive pedal cycles which began during the last 30 seconds of each four test condition: with band at 0.5 kg workload, with band at 2 kg workload, without band at 0.5 kg workload, and without band at 2 kg workload. The paired t-test was used for statistical analysis (p < 0.05). RESULTS The results indicated significant differences in VM (band = 0.029, no band = 0.031) and VL (band = 0.015, no band = 0.035) activation between workloads in each condition. Also there were significant differences in Gmed activation (0.5kg = 0.001, 2kg = 0.037), onset of Gmed (0.5kg = 0.048, 2kg = 0.012), offset of Gmed (0.5kg = 0.048, 2kg = 0.015), TFL activation (0.5kg = 0.001, 2kg = 0.041) and offset of TFL (0.5kg = 0.078, 2kg = 0.005) between the band and no band conditions. There was no different significant in VM/VL ratio between in each of four testing conditions (p > 0.05). The Gmed/TFL ratio was significantly greater in band condition than no band at both 0.5 (p = 0.045) and 2 kg (p = 0.001) workload. Knee abduction angle was affected by the band loop during the pedaling at two different workloads (0.5 kg: p = 0.047, 2 kg: p = 0.021) but mean (p = 0.027) and peak (p = 0.033) knee abduction angle significantly increased with increasing workload during the pedaling with band loop. CONCLUSIONS pedaling with the band loop can be considered as an effective method to increase the Gmed, Gmed/TFL ratio and control of DKV but increasing the workload during pedaling must be done with caution to prevent DKV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Heydarian
- Department of Sports Injury and Corrective Exercise, Faculty of Physical Education, Allameh Tabataba'i University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farideh Babakhani
- Department of Sports Injury and Corrective Exercise, Faculty of Physical Education, Allameh Tabataba'i University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohamadreza Hatefi
- Department of Biomechanics and Sport Injuries, Faculty of Physical Education, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Ramin Balouchi
- Department of Sports Injury and Corrective Exercise, Faculty of Physical Education, Allameh Tabataba'i University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammadamin Mohammadian
- Department of Biomechanics and Sport Injuries, Faculty of Physical Education, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
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Jafarnezhadgero A, Mousavi SH, Madadi-Shad M, Hijmans JM. Quantifying lower limb inter-joint coordination and coordination variability after four-month wearing arch support foot orthoses in children with flexible flat feet. Hum Mov Sci 2020; 70:102593. [PMID: 32217211 DOI: 10.1016/j.humov.2020.102593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Flat feet in children negatively affect lower limb alignment and cause adverse health-related problems. The long-term application of foot orthoses (FOs) may have the potential to improve lower limb coordination and its variability. AIM To evaluate the effects of long-term use of arch support FOs on inter-joint coordination and coordination variability in children with flexible flat feet. METHODS Thirty boys with flexible flat feet were randomly assigned to the experimental (EG) and control groups. The EG used medial arch support FOs during daily activities over a four-month period while the control group received a flat 2-mm-thick insole for the same time period. Lower-limb coordination and variability during the 3 sub-stance phases were quantified using a vector coding technique. RESULTS Frontal plane ankle-hip coordination in EG during mid-stance changed to an anti-phase pattern (156.9°) in the post-test compared to an in-phase (221.1°) in the pre-test of EG and post-test of CG (222.7). Frontal plane knee-hip coordination in EG during loading response (LR) changed to an anti-phase pattern (116°) in the post-test compared to an in-phase (35.5°) in the pre-test of EG and post-test of CG (35.3). Ankle inversion/eversion-knee internal/external rotation joint coupling angle in EG changed to an in-phase pattern (59°) in the post-test compared to a proximal phase (89°) in the pre-test. Coupling angle variability increased in the post-test of EG for sagittal plane ankle-hip during push-off, transverse plane ankle-hip during LR and mid-stance, and transverse plane knee-hip during LR and mid-stance compared to pre-test of EG and post-test of CG. CONCLUSION The long-term use of arch support FOs proved to be effective to alter lower limb coordination and coordination variability during walking in children with flexible flat feet. This new insight into coordinative function may be useful for improving corrective exercise strategies planned for children with flat feet.
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Affiliation(s)
- AmirAli Jafarnezhadgero
- University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Faculty of Educational Sciences and Psychology, Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Seyed Hamed Mousavi
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Groningen, the Netherlands; University of Tehran, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Department of Health and Sport Medicine, Tehran, Iran.
| | | | - Juha M Hijmans
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Groningen, the Netherlands
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Jafarnezhadgero AA, Anvari M, Granacher U. Long-term effects of shoe mileage on ground reaction forces and lower limb muscle activities during walking in individuals with genu varus. Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon) 2020; 73:55-62. [PMID: 31945582 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2020.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Revised: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Shoe mileage is an important factor that may influence the risk of sustaining injuries during walking. The aims of this study were to examine the effects of shoe mileage on ground reaction forces and activity of lower limb muscles during walking in genu varus individuals compared with controls. METHODS Fifteen healthy and 15 genu varus females received a new pair of running shoes. They were asked to wear these shoes over 6 months. Pre and post intervention, mechanical shoe testing was conducted and ground reaction forces and muscle activities of the right leg were recorded during walking at preferred gait speed. FINDINGS Significant group-by-time interactions were found for shoe stiffness, antero-posterior and vertical impact peak. We observed higher shoe stiffness and lower impact peaks after intervention in both groups with larger effect sizes in genu varus. Significant group-by-time interactions were identified for vastus medialis (loading phase) and rectus femoris (loading and push-off). For vastus medialis, significant decreases were found from pre-to-post during the loading phase in the control group. Rectus femoris activity was higher post intervention during the loading and push-off phases in both groups with larger effect sizes in genu varus. INTERPRETATION Our findings indicate that the observed changes in ground reaction forces are more prominent in genu varus individuals. Together with our findings on shoe stiffness, it seems appropriate to change running shoes after an intense wearing time of 6 months, particularly in genu varus individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Ali Jafarnezhadgero
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Educational Sciences and Psychology, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran.
| | - Maryam Anvari
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Educational Sciences and Psychology, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Urs Granacher
- Division of Training and Movement Sciences, Research Focus Cognition Sciences, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
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