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Bagher Hosseini N, Moosapour S, Fakhar HBZ, Nazari AR, Hasehmi MO, Hadavand F, Seraj M, Akbari ME. Can paternal environmental experiences affect the breast cancer risk in offspring? A systematic review. Breast Dis 2023; 42:361-374. [PMID: 38073366 DOI: 10.3233/bd-220062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Studies in recent years have shown that parental environmental experiences can affect their offspring's risk of breast cancer (BC). We assessed the effect of different paternal factors on BC risk in offspring by reviewing the existing literature. METHOD This systematic review followed the Joanna Briggs Institute's (JBI) method for systematic reviews of qualitative evidence. The primary keywords were searched in reliable databases such as PubMed, Google Scholar, Elsevier, SID, and Wiley in English until 31 December 2021. Two authors independently examined the articles in terms of inclusion criteria and quality assessment of the articles. RESULTS Of the 438 studies, 19 met the inclusion criteria of this systematic review and were included in the study. Paternal factors investigated in these studies included age at delivery, diet, occupational exposures, occupation type and education. The reported relationships between these factors and breast cancer varied among different studies. CONCLUSION Studies considered in this article show that fathers' age at the time of delivery of the child, dietary habits, overweight and occupational factors can affect the incidence of BC risk in the next generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Najmeh Bagher Hosseini
- Cancer Research Centre (CRC), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sara Moosapour
- Tehran Medical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Afshin Ryan Nazari
- Cancer Research Centre (CRC), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Omrani Hasehmi
- Cancer Research Centre (CRC), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Hadavand
- Cancer Research Centre (CRC), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Seraj
- Cancer Research Centre (CRC), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Missing Causality and Heritability of Autoimmune Hepatitis. Dig Dis Sci 2022; 68:1585-1604. [PMID: 36261672 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-022-07728-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autoimmune hepatitis has an unknown cause and genetic associations that are not disease-specific or always present. Clarification of its missing causality and heritability could improve prevention and management strategies. AIMS Describe the key epigenetic and genetic mechanisms that could account for missing causality and heritability in autoimmune hepatitis; indicate the prospects of these mechanisms as pivotal factors; and encourage investigations of their pathogenic role and therapeutic potential. METHODS English abstracts were identified in PubMed using multiple key search phases. Several hundred abstracts and 210 full-length articles were reviewed. RESULTS Environmental induction of epigenetic changes is the prime candidate for explaining the missing causality of autoimmune hepatitis. Environmental factors (diet, toxic exposures) can alter chromatin structure and the production of micro-ribonucleic acids that affect gene expression. Epistatic interaction between unsuspected genes is the prime candidate for explaining the missing heritability. The non-additive, interactive effects of multiple genes could enhance their impact on the propensity and phenotype of autoimmune hepatitis. Transgenerational inheritance of acquired epigenetic marks constitutes another mechanism of transmitting parental adaptations that could affect susceptibility. Management strategies could range from lifestyle adjustments and nutritional supplements to precision editing of the epigenetic landscape. CONCLUSIONS Autoimmune hepatitis has a missing causality that might be explained by epigenetic changes induced by environmental factors and a missing heritability that might reflect epistatic gene interactions or transgenerational transmission of acquired epigenetic marks. These unassessed or under-evaluated areas warrant investigation.
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Sundaram V, Wysocka J. Transposable elements as a potent source of diverse cis-regulatory sequences in mammalian genomes. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2020; 375:20190347. [PMID: 32075564 PMCID: PMC7061989 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2019.0347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Eukaryotic gene regulation is mediated by cis-regulatory elements, which are embedded within the vast non-coding genomic space and recognized by the transcription factors in a sequence- and context-dependent manner. A large proportion of eukaryotic genomes, including at least half of the human genome, are composed of transposable elements (TEs), which in their ancestral form carried their own cis-regulatory sequences able to exploit the host trans environment to promote TE transcription and facilitate transposition. Although not all present-day TE copies have retained this regulatory function, the preexisting regulatory potential of TEs can provide a rich source of cis-regulatory innovation for the host. Here, we review recent evidence documenting diverse contributions of TE sequences to gene regulation by functioning as enhancers, promoters, silencers and boundary elements. We discuss how TE-derived enhancer sequences can rapidly facilitate changes in existing gene regulatory networks and mediate species- and cell-type-specific regulatory innovations, and we postulate a unique contribution of TEs to species-specific gene expression divergence in pluripotency and early embryogenesis. With advances in genome-wide technologies and analyses, systematic investigation of TEs' cis-regulatory potential is now possible and our understanding of the biological impact of genomic TEs is increasing. This article is part of a discussion meeting issue 'Crossroads between transposons and gene regulation'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasavi Sundaram
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SD, UK
| | - Joanna Wysocka
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, USA.,Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, USA
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4
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Wang Y, Liu Q, Tang F, Yan L, Qiao J. Epigenetic Regulation and Risk Factors During the Development of Human Gametes and Early Embryos. Annu Rev Genomics Hum Genet 2019; 20:21-40. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-genom-083118-015143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Drastic epigenetic reprogramming occurs during human gametogenesis and early embryo development. Advances in low-input and single-cell epigenetic techniques have provided powerful tools to dissect the genome-wide dynamics of different epigenetic molecular layers in these processes. In this review, we focus mainly on the most recent progress in understanding the dynamics of DNA methylation, chromatin accessibility, and histone modifications in human gametogenesis and early embryo development. Deficiencies in remodeling of the epigenomes can cause severe developmental defects, infertility, and long-term health issues in offspring. Aspects of the external environment, including assisted reproductive technology procedures, parental diets, and unhealthy parental habits, may disturb the epigenetic reprogramming processes and lead to an aberrant epigenome in the offspring. Here, we review the current knowledge of the potential risk factors of aberrant epigenomes in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Genomics, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China;, , ,
- Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100191, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproductive Technology, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Qiang Liu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Genomics, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China;, , ,
- Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100191, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproductive Technology, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Fuchou Tang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Genomics, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Liying Yan
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Genomics, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China;, , ,
- Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100191, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproductive Technology, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Jie Qiao
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Genomics, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China;, , ,
- Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100191, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproductive Technology, Beijing 100191, China
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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Rinaudo P, Adeleye A. Transitioning from Infertility-Based (ART 1.0) to Elective (ART 2.0) Use of Assisted Reproductive Technologies and the DOHaD Hypothesis: Do We Need to Change Consenting? Semin Reprod Med 2019; 36:204-210. [PMID: 30866007 DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1677526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The use of assisted reproductive technologies (ARTs) has increased significantly in recent years. While this is partially due to improved access for infertile patients, another contribution to the growth of ART utilization is represented by individuals without infertility, who electively chose to freeze their gametes and embryos for future use, before ever attempting conception spontaneously. Overall, the safety of ART for parents and children is well described and the risks are modest. However, while long-term health consequences for offspring as postulated by the Developmental Origin of Health and Disease (DOHaD) hypothesis are unknown, numerous animal studies suggest a predisposition for chronic diseases like hypertension and glucose intolerance. In this article, we argue that a key difference exists between infertile patients, who need to use ART as the only means to achieve pregnancy, and (likely) fertile patients who elect to use ART techniques as a family planning option. We believe that these two sets of patients are different and their risks-benefit ratios are different. We propose that while all patients should be aware of the risks, patients planning to utilize ART techniques without a diagnosis of infertility should be encouraged to think critically about the additional risks, particularly the "potential" long-term risks that may be imposed from these elective procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Rinaudo
- Division or Reproductive Endocrinology, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Amanda Adeleye
- Division or Reproductive Endocrinology, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
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Sangalli JR, Sampaio RV, Del Collado M, da Silveira JC, De Bem THC, Perecin F, Smith LC, Meirelles FV. Metabolic gene expression and epigenetic effects of the ketone body β-hydroxybutyrate on H3K9ac in bovine cells, oocytes and embryos. Sci Rep 2018; 8:13766. [PMID: 30214009 PMCID: PMC6137158 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-31822-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The rapid decline in fertility that has been occurring to high-producing dairy cows in the past 50 years seems to be associated with metabolic disturbances such as ketosis, supporting the need for research to improve our understanding of the relations among the diet, metabolism and embryonic development. Recently, the ketone body β-hydroxybutyrate (BOHB) was demonstrated to be a potent inhibitor of histone deacetylases (HDACs). Herein, we performed a series of experiments aiming to investigate the epigenetic effects of BOHB on histone acetylation in somatic cells, cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs) and somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) embryos. Treatment with BOHB does not increase histone acetylation in cells but stimulates genes associated with ketolysis and master regulators of metabolism. We further demonstrated that maturing COCs with high levels of BOHB does not affect their maturation rate or histone acetylation but increases the expression of PPARA in cumulus cells. Treatment of somatic cell nuclear transfer zygotes with BOHB causes hyperacetylation, which is maintained until the blastocyst stage, causing enhanced FOXO3A expression and blastocyst production. Our data shed light on the epigenetic mechanisms caused by BOHB in bovine cells and embryos and provide a better understanding of the connection between nutrition and reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliano Rodrigues Sangalli
- University of Sao Paulo, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, Pirassununga, Sao Paulo, postcode: 13635-900, Brazil.
| | - Rafael Vilar Sampaio
- University of Sao Paulo, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, Pirassununga, Sao Paulo, postcode: 13635-900, Brazil
| | - Maite Del Collado
- University of Sao Paulo, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, Pirassununga, Sao Paulo, postcode: 13635-900, Brazil
| | - Juliano Coelho da Silveira
- University of Sao Paulo, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, Pirassununga, Sao Paulo, postcode: 13635-900, Brazil
| | - Tiago Henrique Camara De Bem
- University of Sao Paulo, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, Pirassununga, Sao Paulo, postcode: 13635-900, Brazil
| | - Felipe Perecin
- University of Sao Paulo, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, Pirassununga, Sao Paulo, postcode: 13635-900, Brazil
| | - Lawrence Charles Smith
- Université de Montréal, Faculté de médecine vétérinaire, Centre de recherche en reproduction et fertilité, St. Hyacinthe, Québec, postcode: H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Flávio Vieira Meirelles
- University of Sao Paulo, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, Pirassununga, Sao Paulo, postcode: 13635-900, Brazil
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El-Dahr SS, Saifudeen Z. Epigenetic regulation of renal development. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2018; 91:111-118. [PMID: 30172047 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2018.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2018] [Revised: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Developmental changes in cell fate are tightly regulated by cell-type specific transcription factors. Chromatin reorganization during organismal development ensures dynamic access of developmental regulators to their cognate DNA sequences. Thus, understanding the epigenomic states of promoters and enhancers is of key importance. Recent years have witnessed significant advances in our knowledge of the transcriptional mechanisms of kidney development. Emerging evidence suggests that histone deacetylation by class I HDACs and H3 methylation on lysines 4, 27 and 79 play important roles in regulation of early and late gene expression in the developing kidney. Equally exciting is the realization that nephrogenesis genes in mesenchymal nephron progenitors harbor bivalent chromatin domains which resolve upon differentiation implicating chromatin bivalency in developmental control of gene expression. Here, we review current knowledge of the epigenomic states of nephric cells and current techniques used to study the dynamic chromatin states. These technological advances will provide an unprecedented view of the enhancer landscape during cell fate commitment and help in defining the complex transcriptional networks governing kidney development and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samir S El-Dahr
- Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, Department of Pediatrics, Section of Pediatric Nephrology, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA.
| | - Zubaida Saifudeen
- Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, Department of Pediatrics, Section of Pediatric Nephrology, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA.
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8
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Milewski R, Szpila M, Ajduk A. Dynamics of cytoplasm and cleavage divisions correlates with preimplantation embryo development. Reproduction 2017; 155:1-14. [PMID: 28993454 DOI: 10.1530/rep-17-0230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Revised: 10/04/2017] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
In vitro fertilization has become increasingly popular as an infertility treatment. In order to improve efficiency of this procedure, there is a strong need for a refinement of existing embryo assessment methods and development of novel, robust and non-invasive selection protocols. Studies conducted on animal models can be extremely helpful here, as they allow for more extensive research on the potential biomarkers of embryo quality. In the present paper, we subjected mouse embryos to non-invasive time-lapse imaging and combined the Particle Image Velocimetry analysis of cytoplasmic dynamics in freshly fertilized oocytes with the morphokinetic analysis of recordings covering 5 days of preimplantation development. Our results indicate that parameters describing cytoplasmic dynamics and cleavage divisions independently correspond to mouse embryo's capacity to form a high-quality blastocyst. We also showed for the first time that these parameters are associated with the percentage of abnormal embryonic cells with fragmented nuclei and with embryo's ability to form primitive endoderm, one of the cell lineages differentiated during preimplantation development. Finally, we present a model that links selected cytoplasmic and morphokinetic parameters reflecting frequency of fertilization-induced Ca2+-oscillations and timing of 4-cell stage and compaction with viability of the embryo assessed as the total number of cells at the end of its preimplantation development. Our results indicate that a combined analysis of cytoplasmic dynamics and morphokinetics may facilitate the assessment of embryo's ability to form high-quality blastocysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Milewski
- Department of Statistics and Medical InformaticsMedical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Marcin Szpila
- Department of EmbryologyFaculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Ajduk
- Department of EmbryologyFaculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
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9
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Jukam D, Shariati SAM, Skotheim JM. Zygotic Genome Activation in Vertebrates. Dev Cell 2017; 42:316-332. [PMID: 28829942 PMCID: PMC5714289 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2017.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 225] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Revised: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 07/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The first major developmental transition in vertebrate embryos is the maternal-to-zygotic transition (MZT) when maternal mRNAs are degraded and zygotic transcription begins. During the MZT, the embryo takes charge of gene expression to control cell differentiation and further development. This spectacular organismal transition requires nuclear reprogramming and the initiation of RNAPII at thousands of promoters. Zygotic genome activation (ZGA) is mechanistically coordinated with other embryonic events, including changes in the cell cycle, chromatin state, and nuclear-to-cytoplasmic component ratios. Here, we review progress in understanding vertebrate ZGA dynamics in frogs, fish, mice, and humans to explore differences and emphasize common features.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Jukam
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - S Ali M Shariati
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Jan M Skotheim
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
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10
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Abstract
Chromatin structure is intimately connected with gene expression and cell identity. Here we review recent advances in the field and discuss how establishment of cell identity during development is accompanied by large-scale remodeling of the epigenetic landscape and how this remodeling drives and supports lineage specification and maintenance. We discuss maternal control of the early embryonic epigenetic landscape, selective usage of enhancer clusters via 3D chromatin contacts leading to activation of transcription factor networks, and conserved regulation of developmental pathways by specific DNA demethylation of key regulatory regions. Together, these processes establish an epigenetic framework regulating different phases of embryonic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Perino
- Radboud University, Faculty of Science, Department of Molecular Developmental Biology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, 6500 HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Gert Jan C Veenstra
- Radboud University, Faculty of Science, Department of Molecular Developmental Biology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, 6500 HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
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11
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Physiological, metabolic and transcriptional postnatal phenotypes of in vitro fertilization (IVF) in the mouse. J Dev Orig Health Dis 2017; 8:403-410. [PMID: 28416032 DOI: 10.1017/s204017441700023x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Approximately 1-4% of children today are conceived using assisted reproductive technologies (ARTs), including in vitro fertilization (IVF). IVF is considered safe and the great majority of these children are healthy, yet there is increasing physiological and molecular evidence from animal models that ART is associated with postnatal metabolic and cardiovascular alterations. Understanding the mechanisms underlying these changes and determining whether they have biological significance is of paramount importance for optimizing the design of culture conditions and improving the health of ART children across the life course. In this review, we examine the evidence of molecular changes present in adult tissues of rodent offspring generated by preimplantation manipulation of gametes and embryos. Although embryo manipulation in vitro can induce common transcriptional effects in the blastocyst, transcriptional and metabolomic signatures in adult IVF tissues are largely tissue-specific. However, there is pervasive evidence of oxidative stress and metabolic dysfunction, indicating a lasting effect of IVF on molecular physiology.
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12
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Percharde M, Bulut-Karslioglu A, Ramalho-Santos M. Hypertranscription in Development, Stem Cells, and Regeneration. Dev Cell 2016; 40:9-21. [PMID: 27989554 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2016.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2016] [Revised: 09/23/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Cells can globally upregulate their transcriptome during specific transitions, a phenomenon called hypertranscription. Evidence for hypertranscription dates back over 70 years but has gone largely ignored in the genomics era until recently. We discuss data supporting the notion that hypertranscription is a unifying theme in embryonic development, stem cell biology, regeneration, and cell competition. We review the history, methods for analysis, underlying mechanisms, and biological significance of hypertranscription.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Percharde
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Center for Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Aydan Bulut-Karslioglu
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Center for Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Miguel Ramalho-Santos
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Center for Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
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Fraser R, Lin CJ. Epigenetic reprogramming of the zygote in mice and men: on your marks, get set, go! Reproduction 2016; 152:R211-R222. [PMID: 27601712 PMCID: PMC5097126 DOI: 10.1530/rep-16-0376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Accepted: 09/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Gametogenesis (spermatogenesis and oogenesis) is accompanied by the acquisition of gender-specific epigenetic marks, such as DNA methylation, histone modifications and regulation by small RNAs, to form highly differentiated, but transcriptionally silent cell-types in preparation for fertilisation. Upon fertilisation, extensive global epigenetic reprogramming takes place to remove the previously acquired epigenetic marks and produce totipotent zygotic states. It is the aim of this review to delineate the cellular and molecular events involved in maternal, paternal and zygotic epigenetic reprogramming from the time of gametogenesis, through fertilisation, to the initiation of zygotic genome activation for preimplantation embryonic development. Recent studies have begun to uncover the indispensable functions of epigenetic players during gametogenesis, fertilisation and preimplantation embryo development, and a more comprehensive understanding of these early events will be informative for increasing pregnancy success rates, adding particular value to assisted fertility programmes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rupsha Fraser
- The University of EdinburghMRC Centre for Reproductive Health, Queen's Medical Research Institute, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, Scotland, UK
| | - Chih-Jen Lin
- The University of EdinburghMRC Centre for Reproductive Health, Queen's Medical Research Institute, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, Scotland, UK
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