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Jiao Y, Zhou Y, Liu S, Yang D, Li J, Sun L, Cui Z. The Effect of Oat Hay, Alfalfa Hay, and Their Combined Diets on the Morphology and Function of the Pancreas in Preweaning Yak Calves. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13020293. [PMID: 36670833 PMCID: PMC9855006 DOI: 10.3390/ani13020293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Revised: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we used a combination of animal nutrition and nontargeted metabolomics to investigate the effects of feeding different sources forages rations on the morphology and function of the pancreas in preweaning yak calves, providing theoretical guidance and important references for the healthy and high-quality rearing of yak calves. At 45 days old, 21 yak calf males were divided into OP, AP, and AOP groups, with seven animals in each group, which were fed with oat hay, alfalfa hay, and mixed oat and alfalfa hay, respectively. Five calves from each group were selected randomly to slaughter after a pretest period of 21 days and the official period of 120 days, when the average daily feed intake reached 1 kg. During the test, the growth and pancreas weight of yak calves were recorded, and the morphology and function of the pancreas tissues were determined using tissue sectioning methods, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) tests, and nontargeted metabolomics strategies. The results showed that the body weight and pancreatic organ index of yak calves in the AOP group were significantly higher than those of the AP and OP groups. Compared to the AP and OP groups, the AOP group had considerably lower ratios of the area of the pancreatic endocrine component and overall percentage of that section of the organ, and the AOP group increased pancreatic amylase activity and a higher concentration of growth inhibitor. The AP group had significantly higher levels of the differential metabolites L-ascorbic acid, spermidine, spermine, and dopaquinone in the glutathione, β-alanine, and tyrosine metabolic pathways than the OP group. The AOP group had significantly lower levels of the differential metabolites spermine and phenylacetylglycine in the glutathione and phenylalanine metabolic pathways than the AP group. In summary, compared to feeding oat or alfalfa hay alone, combined feeding oat hay and alfalfa hay is more beneficial to promote the morphological and functional development of the pancreas in preweaning yak calves, so as to enhance the digestion and absorption of nutrients in the diet and maintain the positive regulation of blood glucose levels. This provides an important basis for the optimized forage supply of healthy and high-quality rearing in preweaning yak calves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Jiao
- Qinghai Academy of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China
- Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Forage-Feed of Grazing Yak and Tibetan Sheep in Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, Xining 810016, China
- Yak Engineering Technology Research Center of Qinghai Province, Xining 810016, China
- Key Laboratory of Plateau Grazing Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of Qinghai Province, Xining 810016, China
| | - Yanan Zhou
- Qinghai Academy of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China
- Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Forage-Feed of Grazing Yak and Tibetan Sheep in Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, Xining 810016, China
- Yak Engineering Technology Research Center of Qinghai Province, Xining 810016, China
- Key Laboratory of Plateau Grazing Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of Qinghai Province, Xining 810016, China
| | - Shujie Liu
- Qinghai Academy of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China
- Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Forage-Feed of Grazing Yak and Tibetan Sheep in Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, Xining 810016, China
- Yak Engineering Technology Research Center of Qinghai Province, Xining 810016, China
- Key Laboratory of Plateau Grazing Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of Qinghai Province, Xining 810016, China
| | - Deyu Yang
- Qinghai Academy of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China
- Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Forage-Feed of Grazing Yak and Tibetan Sheep in Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, Xining 810016, China
- Yak Engineering Technology Research Center of Qinghai Province, Xining 810016, China
- Key Laboratory of Plateau Grazing Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of Qinghai Province, Xining 810016, China
| | - Jilan Li
- College of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China
| | - Lu Sun
- Qinghai Academy of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China
- Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Forage-Feed of Grazing Yak and Tibetan Sheep in Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, Xining 810016, China
- Yak Engineering Technology Research Center of Qinghai Province, Xining 810016, China
- Key Laboratory of Plateau Grazing Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of Qinghai Province, Xining 810016, China
| | - Zhanhong Cui
- Qinghai Academy of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China
- Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Forage-Feed of Grazing Yak and Tibetan Sheep in Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, Xining 810016, China
- Yak Engineering Technology Research Center of Qinghai Province, Xining 810016, China
- Key Laboratory of Plateau Grazing Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of Qinghai Province, Xining 810016, China
- Correspondence:
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Cui X, Liu Y, Wu H, Meng Q, Liu S, Chai S, Hao L, Zhou Z. Dynamic changes in the yak rumen eukaryotic community and metabolome characteristics in response to feed type. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:1027967. [PMID: 36619966 PMCID: PMC9815454 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.1027967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
With diversification of yak breeding, it is important to understand the effects of feed type on the rumen, especially microbiota and metabolites. Due to the unique characteristics of yak, research on rumen microbes and metabolites is limited. In this study, the effects of two diet types on rumen eukaryotic microflora and metabolites were evaluated using the Illumina MiSeq platform and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). All identified protozoa belonged to Trichostomatia. At the genus level, the relative abundance of Metadinium and Eudiplodinium were significantly (p < 0.05) higher in the roughage group than that of concentrate group, while the concentrate group harbored more Isotricha. Ascomycota, Basidiomycota, and Neocallimastigomycota were the main fungal phyla, and the Wallemia, Chordomyces, Chrysosporium, Cladosporium, Scopulariopsis, and Acremonium genera were significantly (p < 0.05) more abundant in the roughage group than the concentrate group, while the concentrate group harbored more Aspergillus, Neocallimastix, Thermoascus, and Cystofilobasidium (p < 0.05). Metabolomics analysis showed that feed type significantly affected the metabolites of rumen protein digestion and absorption (L-proline, L-phenylalanine, L-tryosine, L-leucine, L-tryptophan, and β-alanine), purine metabolism (hypoxanthine, xanthine, guanine, guanosine, adenosine, and adenine), and other metabolic pathway. Correlation analysis revealed extensive associations between differential microorganisms and important metabolites. The results provide a basis for comprehensively understanding the effects of feed types on rumen microorganisms and metabolites of yaks. The findings also provide a reference and new directions for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojing Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yue Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Hao Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Qingxiang Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Shujie Liu
- Qinghai Academy of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Qinghai University, Xining, China
| | - Shatuo Chai
- Qinghai Academy of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Qinghai University, Xining, China
| | - Lizhuang Hao
- Qinghai Academy of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Qinghai University, Xining, China
| | - Zhenming Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China,*Correspondence: Zhenming Zhou ✉
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