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Thew HY, Boon Keat K, Tan YC, Ong YS, Parat MO, Murugaiyah V, Goh BH, Khaw KY. Probing the anti-Aβ42 aggregation and protective effects of prenylated xanthone against Aβ42-induced toxicity in transgenic Caenorhabditis elegans model. Chem Biol Interact 2024; 394:110978. [PMID: 38552766 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2024.110978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the accumulation of amyloid-β (Aβ) protein aggregates, leading to synaptic dysfunction and neuronal cell death. In this study, we used a comprehensive approach encompassing in vitro assays, computational analyses, and an in vivo Caenorhabditis elegans model to evaluate the inhibitory effects of various xanthones, focusing on Garcinone D (GD), on Aβ42 oligomer formation. Dot blot analysis revealed concentration-dependent responses among xanthones, with GD consistently inhibiting Aβ42 oligomer formation at low concentrations (0.1 and 0.5 μM, inhibitions of 84.66 ± 2.25% and 85.06 ± 6.57%, respectively). Molecular docking and dynamics simulations provided insights into the molecular interactions between xanthones and Aβ42, highlighting the disruption of key residues involved in Aβ42 aggregation. The neuroprotective potential of GD was established using transgenic C. elegans GMC101, with substantial delays in paralysis reported at higher concentrations. Our findings show that GD is a potent suppressor of Aβ42 oligomer formation, suggesting its potential as a therapeutic candidate for AD. The concentration-dependent effects observed in both in vitro and in vivo models underscore the need for nuanced dose-response assessments. These findings contribute novel insights into the therapeutic landscape of xanthones against AD, emphasizing the multifaceted potential of GD for further translational endeavors in neurodegenerative disorder research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hin Yee Thew
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, 47500 Subang Jaya, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Khor Boon Keat
- Discipline of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Yong Chiang Tan
- International Medical University, 57000 Kuala Lumpur, Federal Territory of Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Yong Sze Ong
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, 47500 Subang Jaya, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Marie-Odile Parat
- School of Pharmacy, Pharmacy Australia Centre of Excellence, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Vikneswaran Murugaiyah
- Centre for Drug Research, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Penang, Malaysia; Discipline of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Bey Hing Goh
- Sunway Biofunctional Molecules Discovery Centre (SBMDC), School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Sunway City, Selangor, Malaysia; Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia; Biofunctional Molecule Exploratory (BMEX) Research Group, School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Subang Jaya, Malaysia; College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Kooi Yeong Khaw
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, 47500 Subang Jaya, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
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Song L, Pan Q, Zhou G, Liu S, Zhu B, Lin P, Hu X, Zha J, Long Y, Luo B, Chen J, Tang Y, Tang J, Xiang X, Xie X, Deng X, Chen G. SHMT2 Mediates Small-Molecule-Induced Alleviation of Alzheimer Pathology Via the 5'UTR-dependent ADAM10 Translation Initiation. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2305260. [PMID: 38183387 PMCID: PMC10953581 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202305260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2024]
Abstract
It is long been suggested that one-carbon metabolism (OCM) is associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD), whereas the potential mechanisms remain poorly understood. Taking advantage of chemical biology, that mitochondrial serine hydroxymethyltransferase (SHMT2) directly regulated the translation of ADAM metallopeptidase domain 10 (ADAM10), a therapeutic target for AD is reported. That the small-molecule kenpaullone (KEN) promoted ADAM10 translation via the 5' untranslated region (5'UTR) and improved cognitive functions in APP/PS1 mice is found. SHMT2, which is identified as a target gene of KEN and the 5'UTR-interacting RNA binding protein (RBP), mediated KEN-induced ADAM10 translation in vitro and in vivo. SHMT2 controls AD signaling pathways through binding to a large number of RNAs and enhances the 5'UTR activity of ADAM10 by direct interaction with GAGGG motif, whereas this motif affected ribosomal scanning of eukaryotic initiation factor 2 (eIF2) in the 5'UTR. Together, KEN exhibits therapeutic potential for AD by linking OCM with RNA processing, in which the metabolic enzyme SHMT2 "moonlighted" as RBP by binding to GAGGG motif and promoting the 5'UTR-dependent ADAM10 translation initiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Song
- Department of NeurologyChongqing Key Laboratory of Major Neurological and Mental DisordersThe First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing400016China
| | - Qiu‐Ling Pan
- Department of NeurologyChongqing Key Laboratory of Major Neurological and Mental DisordersThe First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing400016China
| | - Gui‐Feng Zhou
- Department of NeurologyChongqing Key Laboratory of Major Neurological and Mental DisordersThe First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing400016China
| | - Sheng‐Wei Liu
- Department of PharmacyYongchuan Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing402160China
| | - Bing‐Lin Zhu
- Department of NeurologyChongqing Key Laboratory of Major Neurological and Mental DisordersThe First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing400016China
| | - Pei‐Jia Lin
- Department of NeurologyChongqing Key Laboratory of Major Neurological and Mental DisordersThe First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing400016China
| | - Xiao‐Tong Hu
- Department of NeurologyChongqing Key Laboratory of Major Neurological and Mental DisordersThe First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing400016China
- Department of Health ManagementDaping HospitalArmy Medical universityChongqing400042China
| | - Jing‐Si Zha
- Department of NeurologyChongqing Key Laboratory of Major Neurological and Mental DisordersThe First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing400016China
- Department of Internal MedicineThe Southwest University HospitalChongqing400715China
| | - Yan Long
- Department of NeurologyChongqing Key Laboratory of Major Neurological and Mental DisordersThe First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing400016China
- Department of Geriatric MedicineDaping HospitalArmy Medical universityChongqing400042China
| | - Biao Luo
- Department of NeurologyChongqing Key Laboratory of Major Neurological and Mental DisordersThe First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing400016China
| | - Jian Chen
- Department of NeurologyChongqing Key Laboratory of Major Neurological and Mental DisordersThe First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing400016China
| | - Ying Tang
- Department of NeurologyChongqing Key Laboratory of Major Neurological and Mental DisordersThe First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing400016China
- Department of NeurologyWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengdu610041China
| | - Jing Tang
- Department of NeurologyChongqing Key Laboratory of Major Neurological and Mental DisordersThe First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing400016China
| | - Xiao‐Jiao Xiang
- Department of NeurologyChongqing Key Laboratory of Major Neurological and Mental DisordersThe First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing400016China
- Department of Nuclear MedicineThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing400010China
| | - Xiao‐Yong Xie
- Department of NeurologyChongqing Key Laboratory of Major Neurological and Mental DisordersThe First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing400016China
| | - Xiao‐Juan Deng
- Department of NeurologyChongqing Key Laboratory of Major Neurological and Mental DisordersThe First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing400016China
| | - Guo‐Jun Chen
- Department of NeurologyChongqing Key Laboratory of Major Neurological and Mental DisordersThe First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing400016China
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3
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Wen QX, Luo B, Xie XY, Zhou GF, Chen J, Song L, Liu Y, Xie SQ, Chen L, Li KY, Xiang XJ, Chen GJ. AP2S1 regulates APP degradation through late endosome-lysosome fusion in cells and APP/PS1 mice. Traffic 2023; 24:20-33. [PMID: 36412210 PMCID: PMC10107530 DOI: 10.1111/tra.12874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
AP2S1 is the sigma 2 subunit of adaptor protein 2 (AP2) that is essential for endocytosis. In this study, we investigated the potential role of AP2S1 in intracellular processing of amyloid precursor protein (APP), which contributes to the pathogenesis of Alzheimer disease (AD) by generating the toxic β-amyloid peptide (Aβ). We found that knockdown or overexpression of AP2S1 decreased or increased the protein levels of APP and Aβ in cells stably expressing human full-length APP695, respectively. This effect was unrelated to endocytosis but involved lysosomal degradation. Morphological studies revealed that silencing of AP2S1 promoted the translocalization of APP from RAB9-positive late endosomes (LE) to LAMP1-positive lysosomes, which was paralleled by the enhanced LE-lysosome fusion. In support, silencing of vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 41 (VPS41) that is implicated in LE-lyso fusion prevented AP2S1-mediated regulation of APP degradation and translocalization. In APP/PS1 mice, an animal model of AD, AAV-mediated delivery of AP2S1 shRNA in the hippocampus significantly reduced the protein levels of APP and Aβ, with the concomitant APP translocalization, LE-lyso fusion and the improved cognitive functions. Taken together, these data uncover a LE-lyso fusion mechanism in APP degradation and suggest a novel role for AP2S1 in the pathophysiology of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi-Xin Wen
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Major Neurological and Mental Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, Chongqing, China
| | - Biao Luo
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Major Neurological and Mental Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiao-Yong Xie
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Major Neurological and Mental Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, Chongqing, China
| | - Gui-Feng Zhou
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Major Neurological and Mental Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, Chongqing, China
| | - Jian Chen
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Major Neurological and Mental Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, Chongqing, China
| | - Li Song
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Major Neurological and Mental Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, Chongqing, China
| | - Yue Liu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Major Neurological and Mental Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, Chongqing, China
| | - Shi-Qi Xie
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Major Neurological and Mental Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, Chongqing, China
| | - Long Chen
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Major Neurological and Mental Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, Chongqing, China
| | - Kun-Yi Li
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Major Neurological and Mental Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiao-Jiao Xiang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Guo-Jun Chen
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Major Neurological and Mental Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, Chongqing, China.,Institute for Brain Science and Disease, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Role of Nrf2 in aging, Alzheimer's and other neurodegenerative diseases. Ageing Res Rev 2022; 82:101756. [PMID: 36243357 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2022.101756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Nuclear Factor-Erythroid Factor 2 (Nrf2) is an important transcription factor that regulates the expression of large number of genes in healthy and disease states. Nrf2 is made up of 605 amino acids and contains 7 conserved regions known as Nrf2-ECH homology domains. Nrf2 regulates the expression of several key components of oxidative stress, mitochondrial biogenesis, mitophagy, autophagy and mitochondrial function in all organs of the human body, in the peripheral and central nervous systems. Mounting evidence also suggests that altered expression of Nrf2 is largely involved in aging, neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's diseases, Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Stroke, Multiple sclerosis and others. The purpose of this article is to detail the essential role of Nrf2 in oxidative stress, antioxidative defense, detoxification, inflammatory responses, transcription factors, proteasomal and autophagic/mitophagic degradation, and metabolism in aging and neurodegenerative diseases. This article also highlights the Nrf2 structural and functional activities in healthy and disease states, and also discusses the current status of Nrf2 research and therapeutic strategies to treat aging and neurodegenerative diseases.
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Liu W, Wang G, Wang Z, Wang G, Huang J, Liu B. Repurposing small-molecule drugs for modulating toxic protein aggregates in neurodegenerative diseases. Drug Discov Today 2022; 27:1994-2007. [PMID: 35395400 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2022.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) are often age-related disorders that can cause dementia in people, usually over 65 years old, are still lacking effective therapies. Some NDs have recently been linked to toxic protein aggregates, for example Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and Huntington disease; therefore, mulating toxic protein aggregates would be a promising therapeutic strategy. Moreover, drug repurposing, in other words exploiting drugs that are already in use for another indication, has been attracting mounting attention for potential therapeutic purposes in NDs. Thus, in this review, we focus on summarizing a series of repurposed small-molecule drugs for eliminating or inhibiting toxic protein aggregates and further discuss their intricate molecular mechanisms to improve the current ND treatment. Taken together, these findings will shed new light on exploiting more repurposed small-molecule drugs targeting different types of toxic proteins to fight NDs in the future. Teaser: Drug repurposing has been gaining attention to yield therapeutic potential in neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and Huntington disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, and Precision Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Gang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, and Precision Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Zhiwen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, and Precision Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Guan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, and Precision Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | | | - Bo Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, and Precision Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
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Secretases Related to Amyloid Precursor Protein Processing. MEMBRANES 2021; 11:membranes11120983. [PMID: 34940484 PMCID: PMC8706128 DOI: 10.3390/membranes11120983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a common neurodegenerative disease whose prevalence increases with age. An increasing number of findings suggest that abnormalities in the metabolism of amyloid precursor protein (APP), a single transmembrane aspartic protein that is cleaved by β- and γ-secretases to produce β-amyloid protein (Aβ), are a major pathological feature of AD. In recent years, a large number of studies have been conducted on the APP processing pathways and the role of secretion. This paper provides a summary of the involvement of secretases in the processing of APP and the potential drug targets that could provide new directions for AD therapy.
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Host miRNA and immune cell interactions: relevance in nano-therapeutics for human health. Immunol Res 2021; 70:1-18. [PMID: 34716546 DOI: 10.1007/s12026-021-09247-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Around 2200 miRNA (microRNA) genes were found in the human genome. miRNAs are arranged in clusters within the genome and share the same transcriptional regulatory units. It has been revealed that approximately 50% of miRNAs elucidated in the genome are transcribed from non-protein-coding genes, and the leftover miRNAs are present in the introns of coding sequences. We are now approaching a stage in which miRNA diagnostics and therapies can be established confidently, and several commercial efforts are underway to carry these innovations from the bench to the clinic. MiRNAs control many of the significant cellular activities such as production, differentiation, growth, and metabolism. Particularly in the immune system, miRNAs have emerged as a crucial biological component during diseased state and homeostasis. miRNAs have been found to regulate inflammatory responses and autoimmune disorders. Moreover, each miRNA targets multiple genes simultaneously, making miRNAs promising tools as diagnostic biomarkers and as remedial targets. Still, one of the major obstacles in miRNA-based approaches is the achievement of specific and efficient systemic delivery of miRNAs. To overcome these challenges, nanoformulations have been synthesized to protect miRNAs from degradation and enhance cellular uptake. The current review deals with the miRNA-mediated regulation of the recruitment and activation of immune cells, especially in the tumor microenvironment, viral infection, inflammation, and autoimmunity. The nano-based miRNA delivery modes are also discussed here, especially in the context of immune modulation.
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