1
|
Jasin Mansur F, Takahara S, Yamamoto M, Shimatani M, Minnatul Karim M, Noiri Y, Ebisu S, Azakami H. Purification and characterization of hemolysin from periodontopathogenic bacterium Eikenella corrodens strain 1073. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2017; 81:1246-1253. [PMID: 28485212 DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2017.1295807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Eikenella corrodens 1073 was found to show hemolytic activity when grown on sheep blood agar. A high and dose-dependent hemolytic activity was detected in the cell envelope fraction, which was further purified by ion-exchange and gel-filtration chromatography. Consequently, a 65-kDa protein with hemolytic activity was obtained, suggesting that this protein might be a hemolysin. Its N-terminal amino acid sequence was nearly identical to that of X-prolyl aminopeptidase from E. corrodens ATCC 23834. To confirm that X-prolyl aminopeptidase functions as a hemolytic factor, we expressed the hlyA gene, encoding X-prolyl aminopeptidase, in Escherichia coli. After induction with isopropyl β-D-1-thiogalactopyranoside, a protein of about 65 kDa was purified on a Ni column, and its hemolytic activity was confirmed. Meanwhile, a strain with a disrupted hlyA gene, which was constructed by homologous recombination, did not show any hemolytic activity. These results suggested that X-prolyl aminopeptidase might function as a hemolysin in E. corrodens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fariha Jasin Mansur
- a Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Biological Chemistry , Yamaguchi University , Yamaguchi , Japan
| | - Sari Takahara
- a Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Biological Chemistry , Yamaguchi University , Yamaguchi , Japan
| | - Mihoko Yamamoto
- a Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Biological Chemistry , Yamaguchi University , Yamaguchi , Japan
| | - Masafumi Shimatani
- a Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Biological Chemistry , Yamaguchi University , Yamaguchi , Japan
| | - Mohammad Minnatul Karim
- a Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Biological Chemistry , Yamaguchi University , Yamaguchi , Japan.,b Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering , Islamic University , Kushtia , Bangladesh
| | - Yuichiro Noiri
- c Division of Cariology, Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Department of Oral Health Science , Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences , Niigata , Japan
| | - Shigeyuki Ebisu
- d Department of Restorative Dentistry and Endodontology , Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry , Suita , Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Azakami
- a Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Biological Chemistry , Yamaguchi University , Yamaguchi , Japan
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Kaplan JB, Sampathkumar V, Bendaoud M, Giannakakis AK, Lally ET, Balashova NV. In vitro characterization of biofilms formed by Kingella kingae. Mol Oral Microbiol 2016; 32:341-353. [PMID: 27714987 DOI: 10.1111/omi.12176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The Gram-negative bacterium Kingella kingae is part of the normal oropharyngeal mucosal flora of children <4 years old. K. kingae can enter the submucosa and cause infections of the skeletal system in children, including septic arthritis and osteomyelitis. The organism is also associated with infective endocarditis in children and adults. Although biofilm formation has been coupled with pharyngeal colonization, osteoarticular infections, and infective endocarditis, no studies have investigated biofilm formation in K. kingae. In this study we measured biofilm formation by 79 K. kingae clinical isolates using a 96-well microtiter plate crystal violet binding assay. We found that 37 of 79 strains (47%) formed biofilms. All strains that formed biofilms produced corroding colonies on agar. Biofilm formation was inhibited by proteinase K and DNase I. DNase I also caused the detachment of pre-formed K. kingae biofilm colonies. A mutant strain carrying a deletion of the pilus gene cluster pilA1pilA2fimB did not produce corroding colonies on agar, autoaggregate in broth, or form biofilms. Biofilm forming strains have higher levels of pilA1 expression. The extracellular components of biofilms contained 490 μg cm-2 of protein, 0.68 μg cm-2 of DNA, and 0.4 μg cm-2 of total carbohydrates. We concluded that biofilm formation is common among K. kingae clinical isolates, and that biofilm formation is dependent on the production of proteinaceous pili and extracellular DNA. Biofilm development may have relevance to the colonization, transmission, and pathogenesis of this bacterium. Extracellular DNA production by K. kingae may facilitate horizontal gene transfer within the oral microbial community.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J B Kaplan
- Department of Biology, American University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - V Sampathkumar
- Department of Oral Biology, Rutgers School of Dental Medicine, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - M Bendaoud
- Department of Oral Biology, Rutgers School of Dental Medicine, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - A K Giannakakis
- Department of Pathology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - E T Lally
- Department of Pathology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - N V Balashova
- Department of Pathology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
The Inhibitory Effects of Catechins on Biofilm Formation by the Periodontopathogenic Bacterium,Eikenella corrodens. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2014; 74:2445-50. [DOI: 10.1271/bbb.100499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
4
|
Azakami H, Nakashima H, Akimichi H, Noiri Y, Ebisu S, Kato A. Involvement ofN-Acetyl-D-galactosamine-specific Lectin in Biofilm Formation by the Periodontopathogenic Bacterium,Eikenella corrodens. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2014; 70:441-6. [PMID: 16495661 DOI: 10.1271/bbb.70.441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Eikenella corrodens is known not only as one of the periodontopathogenic bacteria but also as a pathogen associated with many infectious diseases of humans. Dental plaque is a complex biofilm community comprised of many bacterial species. E. corrodens has a lectin on its cell surface that is thought to be involved in its pathogenicity. In this study, we found that E. corrodens forms a biofilm on a polystyrene surface. A biofilm was formed at the bottom of the wells in microtiter plates after 24 h. Microcolonies were observed as the amount of biofilm became larger. When anaerobic respiration was repressed due to nitrate limitation, the biofilm formed only at the air-water interface. Strain 1073 and HU, which have higher lectin activity, formed a biofilm more effectively than other strains. Biofilm formation was repressed by the addition of N-acetyl-D-galactosamine. These results suggest that the lectin on the surface of E. corrodens might be involved in biofilm formation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Azakami
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Yamaguchi University, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Genomic recombination through plasmid-encoded recombinase enhances hemolytic activity and adherence to epithelial cells in the periodontopathogenic bacterium Eikenella corrodens. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2011; 75:748-51. [PMID: 21512230 DOI: 10.1271/bbb.100866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The periodontopathogenic bacterium Eikenella corrodens has an N-acetyl-D-galactosamine (GalNAc)-specific lectin, that contributes significantly to the pathogenicity of the bacterium. Recently, we reported that plasmid-mediated genomic recombination enhances the activity of this lectin. In this study, we investigated the effects of genomic recombination on certain virulence factors. Introduction of the recombinase gene resulted in hemolysis and significantly increased bacterial adhesion to epithelial cells. It was suggested that the enhanced adhesion was attributable to increased lectin activity due to genomic recombination, because it was inhibited by the addition of GalNAc. In contrast, invasion of the epithelial cells was remarkably reduced by genomic recombination. Although we assumed that this decrease in invasion resulted from a loss of type-IV pili, the phase variant did not show any decrease in invasion activity. This suggests that type-IV pili do not contribute to the invasive ability of E. corrodens. Our results suggest that genomic recombination enhances the pathogenicity of E. corrodens.
Collapse
|
6
|
Abstract
Horizontal gene transfer constitutes an important force in prokaryotic genome evolution, and it is well-known that plasmids are vehicles for DNA transfer. Chromosomal DNA is frequently exchanged between pathogenic and commensal neisseriae, but relatively little is known about plasmid diversity and prevalence among these nasopharyngeal inhabitants. We investigated the plasmid contents of 18 Neisseria lactamica isolates and 20 nasopharyngeal Neisseria meningitidis isolates. Of 18 N. lactamica strains, 9 harbored one or more plasmids, whereas only one N. meningitidis isolate contained a plasmid. Twelve plasmids were completely sequenced, while five plasmid sequences from the public databases were also included in the analyses. On the basis of nucleic acid sequences, mobilization, and replicase protein alignments, we distinguish six different plasmid groups (I to VI). Three plasmids from N. lactamica appeared to be highly similar on the nucleotide level to the meningococcal plasmids pJS-A (>99%) and pJS-B (>75%). The genetic organizations of two plasmids show a striking resemblance with that of the recently identified meningococcal disease-associated (MDA) phage, while four putative proteins encoded by these plasmids show 25% to 39% protein identity to those encoded by the MDA phage. The putative promoter of the gene encoding the replicase on these plasmids contains a polycytidine tract, suggesting that replication is subjected to phase variation. In conclusion, extensive plasmid diversity is encountered among commensal neisseriae. Members of three plasmid groups are found in both pathogenic and commensal neisseriae, indicating plasmid exchange between these species. Resemblance between plasmids and MDA phage may be indicative of dissemination of phage-related sequences among pathogenic and commensal neisseriae.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mark W J van Passel
- Center for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam, Department of Medical Microbiology, Academic Medical Center, P.O. Box 22660, 1100 DD Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Azakami H, Teramura I, Matsunaga T, Akimichi H, Noiri Y, Ebisu S, Kato A. Characterization of autoinducer 2 signal in Eikenella corrodens and its role in biofilm formation. J Biosci Bioeng 2006; 102:110-7. [PMID: 17027872 DOI: 10.1263/jbb.102.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2006] [Accepted: 05/16/2006] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Quorum sensing (QS) is a process by which bacteria communicate using secreted chemical signaling molecules called autoinducers (AIs). By this process, many bacterial species modulate the expression of a wide variety of physiological functions in response to changes in population density. In this study, the periodontal pathogen Eikenella corrodens was observed to secrete type 2 signaling molecules. An ortholog of luxS, the gene required for AI-2 synthesis in Vibrio harveyi, was isolated from the E. corrodens genome. A V. harveyi bioassay showed luxS functionality in E. corrodens and the ability of luxS to complement the luxS-negative phenotype of Escherichia coli DH5alpha. AI activity was detected in the supernatant, and the maximum expression of AI-2 was observed during the late exponential phase. To determine the potential role of luxS in the colonization processes, an E. corrodens luxS mutant was constructed and tested for its capacity to form an in vitro biofilm on a polystyrene surface. The biofilm forming efficiency of the luxS mutant was approximately 1.3-fold greater than that of the wild type. These data suggest that a LuxS-dependent signal plays a role in the biofilm formation by E. corrodens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Azakami
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Yamaguchi University, 1677-1 Yoshida, Yamaguchi 753-8515, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Azakami H, Akimichi H, Noiri Y, Ebisu S, Kato A. Plasmid-mediated genomic recombination at the pilin gene locus enhances the N-acetyl-d-galactosamine-specific haemagglutination activity and the growth rate of Eikenella corrodens. Microbiology (Reading) 2006; 152:815-821. [PMID: 16514161 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.28490-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Eikenella corrodens belongs to a group of periodontopathogenic bacteria and forms unique corroding colonies on solid medium due to twitching motility. It is believed that an N-acetyl-d-galactosamine (GalNAc)-specific lectin on the cell surface contributes significantly to its pathogenicity and can be estimated by its haemagglutination (HA) activity. Recently, a plasmid, pMU1, from strain 1073 has been found; this plasmid affects pilus formation and colony morphology. To identify the gene involved in these phenomena, ORF 4 and ORFs 5–6 on pMU1 were separately subcloned into a shuttle vector, and the resultant plasmids were introduced into E. corrodens 23834. Transformants with the ORF 4 gene, which is identified to be a homologous gene of the type IV pilin gene-specific recombinase, lost their pilus structure and formed non-corroding colonies on a solid medium, whereas transformants with ORFs 5–6 exhibited the same phenotype as the host strain 23834. Southern analysis showed that the introduction of the ORF 4 gene into strain 23834 resulted in genomic recombination at the type IV pilin gene locus. The hybridization pattern of these transformants was similar to that of strain 1073. These results suggest that ORF 4 on pMU1 encodes a site-specific recombinase and causes genomic recombination of the type IV pilin gene locus. Furthermore, the introduction of ORF 4 into strain 23834 increased GalNAc-specific HA activity to a level equivalent to that of strain 1073. Although the morphological colony changes and loss of pilus structure are also observed in phase variation, genomic recombination of the type IV pilin gene locus did not occur in these variants. Moreover, an increase was not observed in the GalNAc-specific HA activity of these variants. These results suggested that the loss of pilus structure, the morphological change in colonies and the increase in HA activity due to plasmid pMU1 might be caused by a mechanism that differs from phase variation, such as a genomic recombination of the type IV pilin gene locus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Azakami
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Yamaguchi University, 1677-1 Yoshida, Yamaguchi 753-8515, Japan
| | - Hiromi Akimichi
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Yamaguchi University, 1677-1 Yoshida, Yamaguchi 753-8515, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Noiri
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Endodontology, Osaka University, 1-8 Yamada-Oka, Suita 560-0871, Japan
| | - Shigeyuki Ebisu
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Endodontology, Osaka University, 1-8 Yamada-Oka, Suita 560-0871, Japan
| | - Akio Kato
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Yamaguchi University, 1677-1 Yoshida, Yamaguchi 753-8515, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Kawai M, Uchiyama I, Kobayashi I. Genome comparison in silico in Neisseria suggests integration of filamentous bacteriophages by their own transposase. DNA Res 2006; 12:389-401. [PMID: 16769696 DOI: 10.1093/dnares/dsi021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
We have identified filamentous prophages, Nf (Neisserial filamentous phages), during an in silico genome comparison in Neisseria. Comparison of three genomes of Neisseria meningitidis and one of Neisseria gonorrhoeae revealed four subtypes of Nf. Eleven intact copies are located at different loci in the four genomes. Each intact copy of Nf is flanked by duplication of 5'-CT and, at its right end, carries a transposase homologue (pivNM/irg) of RNaseH/Retroviral integrase superfamily. The phylogeny of these putative transposases and that of phage-related proteins on Nfs are congruent. Following circularization of Nfs, a promoter-like sequence forms. The sequence at the junction of these predicted circular forms (5'-atCTtatat) was found in a related plasmid (pMU1) at a corresponding locus. Several structural variants of Nfs--partially inverted, internally deleted and truncated--were also identified. The partial inversion seems to be a product of site-specific recombination between two 5'-CTtat sequences that are in inverse orientation, one at its end and the other upstream of pivNM/irg. Formation of internally deleted variants probably proceeded through replicative transposition that also involved two 5'-CTtat sequences. We concluded that the PivNM/Irg transposase on Nfs integrated their circular forms into the chromosomal 5'-CT-containing sequences and probably mediated the above rearrangements.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mikihiko Kawai
- Department of Medical Genome Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Science, The University of Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | |
Collapse
|