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La Cognata V, Cavallaro S. Detection of Structural Variants by NGS: Revealing Missing Alleles in Lysosomal Storage Diseases. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10081836. [PMID: 36009380 PMCID: PMC9405548 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10081836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Lysosomal storage diseases (LSDs) are a heterogeneous group of rare multisystem metabolic disorders occurring mostly in infancy and childhood, characterized by a gradual accumulation of non-degraded substrates inside the cells. Although biochemical enzymatic assays are considered the gold standard for diagnosis of symptomatic patients, genotyping is a requirement for inclusion in enzyme replacement programs and is a prerequisite for carrier tests in relatives and DNA-based prenatal diagnosis. The emerging next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies are now offering a powerful diagnostic tool for genotyping LSDs patients by providing faster, cheaper, and higher-resolution testing options, and are allowing to unravel, in a single integrated workflow SNVs, small insertions and deletions (indels), as well as major structural variations (SVs) responsible for the pathology. Here, we summarize the current knowledge about the most recurrent and private SVs involving LSDs-related genes, review advantages and drawbacks related to the use of the NGS in the SVs detection, and discuss the challenges to bring this type of analysis in clinical diagnostics.
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Josahkian JA, Brusius-Facchin AC, Netto ABO, Leistner-Segal S, Málaga DR, Burin MG, Michelin-Tirelli K, Trapp FB, Cardoso-Dos-Santos AC, Ribeiro EM, Kim CA, de Siqueira ACM, Santos ML, do Valle DA, da Silva RTB, Horovitz DDG, de Medeiros PFV, de Souza CFM, Giuliani LDR, Miguel DSCG, Santana-da-Silva LC, Galera MF, Giugliani R. Genotype-phenotype studies in a large cohort of Brazilian patients with Hunter syndrome. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS PART C-SEMINARS IN MEDICAL GENETICS 2021; 187:349-356. [PMID: 33960103 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.c.31915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Mucopolysaccharidosis type II (MPS II) is an X-linked inherited disease caused by pathogenic variants in the IDS gene, leading to deficiency of the lysosomal enzyme iduronate-2-sulfatase and consequent widespread storage of glycosaminoglycans, leading to several clinical consequences, with progressive manifestations which most times includes cognitive decline. MPS II has wide allelic and clinical heterogeneity and a complex genotype-phenotype correlation. We evaluated data from 501 Brazilian patients diagnosed with MPS II from 1982 to 2020. We genotyped 280 of these patients (55.9%), which were assigned to 206 different families. Point mutations were present in 70% of our patients, being missense variants the most frequent. We correlated the IDS pathogenic variants identified with the phenotype (neuronophatic or non-neuronopathic). Except for two half-brothers, there was no discordance in the genotype-phenotype correlation among family members, nor among MPS II patients from different families with the same single base-pair substitution variant. Mothers were carriers in 82.0% of the cases. This comprehensive study of the molecular profile of the MPS II cases in Brazil sheds light on the genotype-phenotype correlation and helps the better understanding of the disease and the prediction of its clinical course, enabling the provision of a more refined genetic counseling to the affected families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Alves Josahkian
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Hospital Universitário de Santa Maria (HUSM), Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.,Postgraduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | | | - Alice Brinckmann Oliveira Netto
- Medical Genetics Service, HCPA, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.,National Institute on Population Medical Genetics, INAGEMP, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.,Graduate in Biological Sciences, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Sandra Leistner-Segal
- Medical Genetics Service, HCPA, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.,National Institute on Population Medical Genetics, INAGEMP, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Diana Rojas Málaga
- Medical Genetics Service, HCPA, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.,Research and Development, Grupo Fleury, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Augusto César Cardoso-Dos-Santos
- Postgraduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.,National Institute on Population Medical Genetics, INAGEMP, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | | | - Chong Ae Kim
- Genetic Unit, Pediatric Department, HC-FMUSP, São Paulo University, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Mara Lucia Santos
- Neuropediatric Division, Hospital Pequeno Príncipe, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | | | | | - Dafne Dain Gandelman Horovitz
- Medical Genetics Department, National Institute of Women, Children and Adolescents Health Fernandes Figueira-Fiocruz/Reference Center for Rare Diseases, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | | | - Liane de Rosso Giuliani
- Hospital Universitário Maria Aparecida Pedrossian (HUMAP), UFMS, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | | | - Luiz Carlos Santana-da-Silva
- Laboratory of Innate Errors of Metabolism, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Marcial Francis Galera
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil
| | - Roberto Giugliani
- Medical Genetics Service, HCPA, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.,National Institute on Population Medical Genetics, INAGEMP, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.,Department of Genetics, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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Brusius-Facchin AC, Rojas Malaga D, Leistner-Segal S, Giugliani R. Recent advances in molecular testing to improve early diagnosis in children with mucopolysaccharidoses. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2018; 18:855-866. [DOI: 10.1080/14737159.2018.1523722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Diana Rojas Malaga
- Medical Genetics Service, HCPA, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program of Genetics and Molecular Biology, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Sandra Leistner-Segal
- Medical Genetics Service, HCPA, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Medical Science, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Roberto Giugliani
- Medical Genetics Service, HCPA, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program of Genetics and Molecular Biology, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Medical Science, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Department of Genetics, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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