Associations between UGT2B7 polymorphisms and cancer susceptibility: A meta-analysis

Identification of Prognostic and Immune Characteristics of Two Lung Adenocarcinoma Subtypes Based on TRPV Channel Family Genes

Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is one of the deadliest malignant tumors worldwide. Transient receptor potential vanilloid (TRPV) channels take pivotal parts in many cancers, but their impact on LUAD remains unexplored. In this study, LUAD samples were classified into two subtypes according to the expression characteristics of TRPV1-6 genes, with LUAD subtype cluster2 exhibiting significantly higher survival rates than cluster1. Subsequently, analysis of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) was performed between cluster1 and cluster2, revealing enrichment of DEGs in channel activity and Ca2+ signaling pathways. We established a protein-protein interaction network based on DEGs and constructed a LUAD prognostic model by using Cox regression analysis based on genes corresponding to 170 protein nodes. The prognostic model demonstrated good predictive ability for patient prognosis, with higher survival rates observed in the low-risk (LR) group. The risk score was validated as an independent prognostic indicator, according to Cox regression analysis. A clinically applicable nomogram was plotted. Immunological analysis indicated that the LR and high-risk (HR) groups had varied proportions of immune cell infiltration. The immunotherapy prediction indicated that LUAD patients in LR group had a greater likelihood to benefit from immune checkpoint blockade therapy. Furthermore, we hypothesized that the expression patterns of feature genes in the LUAD model were related to the sensitivity to lung cancer therapeutic drugs TAS-6417 and Erlotinib. To sum up, our LUAD prognostic model possessed clinical applicability for prognosis and immunotherapy response prediction.

Integrated study reveals mechanism of Tripterygium Wilfordii against cholangiocarcinoma based on bioinformatics approaches and molecular dynamics simulation

BACKGROUND

Tripterygium wilfordii Hook. f. (TW) shows anticancer activity, and no study has comprehensively investigated the effects of TW in treating cholangiocarcinoma (CHOL). This study was designed to identify the therapeutic role and the mechanism of TW against CHOL to obtain anti-CHOL candidate components and targets.

METHODS

Ingredients of TW were collected from the Traditional Chinese Medicine System Pharmacology Database and literature. Limma package and weighted gene co-expression network analysis were used to identify the genes related to CHOL. Enrichment analysis of Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) and Gene Ontology (GO) was performed by R package Cluster-Profiler and Metascape, respectively. Protein-Protein Interaction (PPI) network was used to select core genes in the treatment of CHOL by TW, followed by GEPIA2, UALCAN database, and ROC curves to assess their diagnostic and prognostic capability. Molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation were applied to explore the binding affinity and stability of the complex between the bioactive ingredients in TW and core targets.

RESULTS

A total of 67 ingredients in TW were collected, and 495 genes were obtained as genes of CHOL. 55 common TW-CHOL targets were identified. 171 biological process terms and 100 KEGG pathways were enriched. 12 genes were regarded as core genes through PPI analysis, such as CYP3A4, CES1, GC, and PLG, whose good diagnostic and prognostic capability were identified. Ten ingredients were selected through the construction of Herb-Components-Targets-Disease network. Molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation both confirmed the good binding affinity and stability of the ligand-protein complexes.

CONCLUSION

This study identified the therapeutic role and predicted the mechanism of TW against CHOL, where TW may combat CHOL through the regulation of metabolic conditions of the body, bile acid secretion, xenobiotics metabolism, and the inflammatory response. Celastrol, triptonide, triptolide and wilforlide A emerged as promising anti-CHOL candidates. So, this study offered a reference for the treatment of CHOL and the development of anti-CHOL drugs.

Hydrocodone, Oxycodone, and Morphine Metabolism and Drug-Drug Interactions

Awareness of drug interactions involving opioids is critical for patient treatment as they are common therapeutics used in numerous care settings, including both chronic and disease-related pain. Not only do opioids have narrow therapeutic indexes and are extensively used, but they have the potential to cause severe toxicity. Opioids are the classical pain treatment for patients who suffer from moderate to severe pain. More importantly, opioids are often prescribed in combination with multiple other drugs, especially in patient populations who typically are prescribed a large drug regimen. This review focuses on the current knowledge of common opioid drug-drug interactions (DDIs), focusing specifically on hydrocodone, oxycodone, and morphine DDIs. The DDIs covered in this review include pharmacokinetic DDI arising from enzyme inhibition or induction, primarily due to inhibition of cytochrome p450 enzymes (CYPs). However, opioids such as morphine are metabolized by uridine-5'-diphosphoglucuronosyltransferases (UGTs), principally UGT2B7, and glucuronidation is another important pathway for opioid-drug interactions. This review also covers several pharmacodynamic DDI studies as well as the basics of CYP and UGT metabolism, including detailed opioid metabolism and the potential involvement of metabolizing enzyme gene variation in DDI. Based upon the current literature, further studies are needed to fully investigate and describe the DDI potential with opioids in pain and related disease settings to improve clinical outcomes for patients. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: A review of the literature focusing on drug-drug interactions involving opioids is important because they can be toxic and potentially lethal, occurring through pharmacodynamic interactions as well as pharmacokinetic interactions occurring through inhibition or induction of drug metabolism.

Significance of UGT1A6, UGT1A9, and UGT2B7 genetic variants and their mRNA expression in the clinical outcome of renal cell carcinoma

UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) metabolizes a number of endogenous and exogenous substrates. Renal cells express high amounts of UGT; however, the significance of UGT in patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC) remains unknown. In this study, we profile the mRNA expression of UGT subtypes (UGT1A6, UGT1A9, and UGT2B7) and their genetic variants in the kidney tissue of 125 Japanese patients with RCC (Okayama University Hospital, Japan). In addition, we elucidate the association between the UGT variants and UGT mRNA expression levels and clinical outcomes in these patients. The three representative genetic variants, namely, UGT1A6 541A > G, UGT1A9 i399C > T, and UGT2B7-161C > T, were genotyped, and their mRNA expression levels in each tissue were determined. We found that the mRNA expression of the three UGTs (UGT1A6, UGT1A9, and UGT2B7) are significantly downregulated in RCC tissues. Moreover, in patients with RCC, the UGT2B7-161C > T variant and high UGT2B7 mRNA expression are significantly correlated with preferable cancer-specific survival (CSS) and overall survival (OS), respectively. As such, the UGT2B7-161C > T variant and UGT2B7 mRNA expression level were identified as significant independent prognostic factors of CSS and CSS/OS, respectively. Taken together, these findings indicate that UGT2B7 has a role in RCC progression and may, therefore, represent a potential prognostic biomarker for patients with RCC.

UGT2B7 c.-161C>T polymorphism frequency in Croatian population

Uridine diphosphate glucuronosyltransferase-2B7 (UGT2B7), enzyme responsible for the elimination of a number of xenobiotics through glucuronidation, is expressed in the gut, kidneys, intestines, and brain. However, data on the frequency of UGT2B7 polymorphisms in the Croatian population are limited. The aim of this study was to assess the frequency of the UGT2B7 c.-161C>T (rs7668258) polymorphism in the Croatian population and to compare it with reported frequencies in other populations. This polymorphism is in complete linkage disequilibrium with the UGT2B7 c.802C>T (UGT2B7*2, rs7439366) variant, which is important in clinical medicine. The study reports data of 501 participants from University Hospital Centre Zagreb. All data were collected and analysed retrospectively. Genotyping was performed by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using the TaqMan® Drug Metabolism Genotyping Assay for UGT2B7 c.-161C>T (rs7668258). We found that 120 (23.95 %) participants were carriers of the UGT2B7 c.-161CC genotype and 255 (50.9 %) were heterozygous carriers (UGT2B7 c.-161CT), while 126 (25.15 %) were homozygous carriers of the variant allele (UGT2B7 c.-161TT). The frequency of the variant UGT2B7 c.-161C>T allele in this study was T=0.506. The frequency of the UGT2B7 c.-161C>T allelic variants and genotypes in the Croatian population is similar to other European populations.

Association between sex hormones regulation-related SNP rs12233719 and lung cancer risk among never-smoking Chinese women

BACKGROUND

The mechanism of rapidly increased non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) among never-smoking Chinese women has not been elucidated. Ovarian sex steroid hormones have been suggested to counteract lung cancer development, and sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) is essential in sex hormones regulation. This study aims to exploring single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in genomic regions associated with SHBG concentrations that contributed to never-smoking female NSCLC.

METHODS

Candidate genes were selected by a genome-wide association (GWAS) meta-analysis and gene expression profiles of never-smoking NSCLC of Chinese women. The candidate SNPs limited to common minor allele frequency (MAF), missense variant, ethnic heterogeneous distribution, and SNPs were genotyped using the TaqMan method. A two-stage case-control design was adopted for exploration and validation of associations between candidate SNPs and risk of NSCLC. All participants were never-smoking Chinese women. Chi-square test and multivariate logistic regression were applied.

RESULTS

Beginning with 12 genomic regions associated with circulating SHBG concentrations and gene expression profiles from never-smoking NSCLC in Chinese women, candidate SNP rs12233719 and rs7439366 both located in candidate gene UGT₂ B_7, which may be related to circulating SHBG concentrations and cancer risk, were identified. A two-stage case-control study was conducted in Shenyang and Tianjin represented as the training stage and validation stage, respectively. Under the dominant model, compared to individuals with the wild G/G genotype, the adjusted OR of those with the T allele was 1.58 (95% CI: 1.15-2.16) in Chinese Shenyang training set, and was 1.49 (95% CI: 1.02-2.18) in Chinese Tianjin validation set, both accompanied with a significant trend relationship consistently. UGT2B7 was upregulated in female NSCLC patients' tumor tissues and was associated with a poor prognosis in NSCLC.

CONCLUSION

Our findings indicated that a sex hormones regulation-related SNP rs12233719 was associated with never-smoking female lung cancer risk, which might partially explain NSCLC-susceptibility in Chinese women.

Association of transferrin G258A and transferrin receptor A82G polymorphisms with the risk of Parkinson disease in certain area

BACKGROUND

It has been reported that polymorphisms of transferrin (TF) G258A and transferrin receptor (TFR) A82G might be associated with susceptibility to Parkinson disease (PD).

OBJECTIVE

Owing to limitation of sample size and inconclusive results, we conducted a meta-analysis to clarify the association.

METHODS

By searching PubMed, Embase, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure, China Biological Medicine Database, and Wanfang Databases, the published articles about studies of the association of the TF G258A, TFR A82G gene polymorphisms with the risk of PD were collected. Q-statistics and I statistics were calculated to examine heterogeneity and summary odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) were evaluated the association.

RESULTS

Five studies assessed the relationship between TF G258A and risk of PD. A significant increased protective of A allele and AA genotype was observed in allele model and recessive model (the allele model A vs G: OR = 0.54, 95%CI 0.40-0.72, P < .001; the recessive model AA vs GA + GG: OR = 0.32, 95%CI 0.20-0.52, P < .001). The remaining models of the TF G258A genotype showed no significant association with PD risk, while the protective tendency were increased (the heterozygote model GA vs GG: OR = 0.93, 95%CI 0.61-1.43, P = .75; the homozygous model AA vs GG: OR = 0.47, 95%CI 0.21-1.04, P = .06; the dominant model GA + AA vs GG: OR = 0.75, 95%CI 0.50-1.11, P = .15). There was also a lack of association between TFR A82G polymorphism and PD (the allele model G vs A: OR = 0.92, 95%CI 0.75-1.13, P = .43; the heterozygote model AG vs AA: OR = 1.17, 95%CI 0.79-1.71, P = .43; the homozygous model GG vs AA: OR = 0.91, 95%CI 0.60-139, P = .66; the dominant model AG + GG vs AA: OR = 1.05, 95%CI 0.73-1.49, P = .81; the recessive model GG vs AG +AA: OR = 0.80, 95%CI 0.59-1.09, P = .16).

CONCLUSION

Our study suggests that TF G258A polymorphism may be associated with PD, while TFR A82G polymorphism may not contribute to PD based on the current evidence.

Genetic associations between CYP24A1 polymorphisms and predisposition of cancer: A meta-analysis

BACKGROUND

CYP24A1 polymorphisms may affect predisposition of cancer, but the results of published studies remain inconclusive. Therefore, the authors conducted this meta-analysis to more robustly assess relationships between CYP24A1 polymorphisms and the predisposition of cancer by pooling the findings of published studies.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

A comprehensive literature search of PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Wanfang, and CNKI was endorsed by the authors to identify eligible studies; 17 studies were finally found to be eligible for pooled meta-analysis.

RESULTS

The pooled meta-analysis results showed that genotypic frequencies of the rs4809960 polymorphism among cancerous patients and controls of Caucasian ethnicity differed significantly, and genotypic frequencies of the rs6022999 polymorphism among cancerous patients and controls of Asian ethnicity also differed significantly. Moreover, we found that genotypic frequencies of the rs2585428 polymorphism among patients with prostate cancer and controls differed significantly, and genotypic frequencies of the rs6068816 polymorphism among patients with prostate cancer/breast cancer and controls also differed significantly.

CONCLUSIONS

This meta-analysis suggests that the rs4809960 polymorphism may affect the predisposition of cancer in Caucasians, and the rs6022999 polymorphism may affect the predisposition of cancer in Asians. Moreover, the rs2585428 polymorphism may affect the predisposition of prostate cancer, while the rs6068816 polymorphism may affect the predisposition of prostate cancer and breast cancer.

LncRNA growth arrest-special 5 polymorphisms and predisposition to cancer: A meta-analysis

AIM

The lncRNA growth arrest-special 5 (GAS5) is a critical tumor suppressor lncRNA, and its expression level has been found to be decreased in many types of cancers. So GAS5 polymorphisms are also likely to influence predisposition to many types of malignant diseases. Nevertheless, the relationships between GAS5 polymorphisms and cancer are still controversial. Thus, the authors designed this meta-analysis to get a more statistically reliable conclusion.

METHODS

The authors searched PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science for eligible studies. A total of 12 eligible studies involving 8693 cancer cases and 10,805 controls were pooled and analyzed in this meta-analysis.

RESULTS

Among GAS5 polymorphisms, only GAS5 rs145204276 insertion/deletion polymorphism could be analyzed in a meta-analysis with regard to predisposition to cancer since no any other GAS5 polymorphisms were explored by at least two individual genetic association studies. All eligible studies were found to be of Asian origin. Although the overall pooled meta-analysis results did not show any significant associations between rs145204276 insertion/deletion polymorphism and a predisposition to cancer, rs145204276 insertion/deletion polymorphism was demonstrated to be significantly associated with a predisposition to gastric cancer (dominant comparison: P<0.0001; recessive comparison: P=0.005; over-dominant comparison: P=0.0003; over-dominant comparison: P<0.0001) in Asians in further subgroup analyses.

CONCLUSIONS

This meta-analysis demonstrated that GAS5 rs145204276 insertion/deletion polymorphism was associated with a predisposition to gastric cancer in Asians. Nevertheless, considering that this positive finding was only based on three eligible studies from the same area, future studies with larger sample sizes in other populations are still warranted to test the robustness of our findings.

How glycosylation affects glycosylation: the role of N-glycans in glycosyltransferase activity

N-glycosylation is one of the most important posttranslational modifications of proteins. It plays important roles in the biogenesis and functions of proteins by influencing their folding, intracellular localization, stability and solubility. N-glycans are synthesized by glycosyltransferases, a complex group of ubiquitous enzymes that occur in most kingdoms of life. A growing body of evidence shows that N-glycans may influence processing and functions of glycosyltransferases, including their secretion, stability and substrate/acceptor affinity. Changes in these properties may have a profound impact on glycosyltransferase activity. Indeed, some glycosyltransferases have to be glycosylated themselves for full activity. N-glycans and glycosyltransferases play roles in the pathogenesis of many diseases (including cancers), so studies on glycosyltransferases may contribute to the development of new therapy methods and novel glycoengineered enzymes with improved properties. In this review, we focus on the role of N-glycosylation in the activity of glycosyltransferases and attempt to summarize all available data about this phenomenon.