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Bhat AA, Younes SN, Raza SS, Zarif L, Nisar S, Ahmed I, Mir R, Kumar S, Sharawat SK, Hashem S, Elfaki I, Kulinski M, Kuttikrishnan S, Prabhu KS, Khan AQ, Yadav SK, El-Rifai W, Zargar MA, Zayed H, Haris M, Uddin S. Role of non-coding RNA networks in leukemia progression, metastasis and drug resistance. Mol Cancer 2020; 19:57. [PMID: 32164715 PMCID: PMC7069174 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-020-01175-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Early-stage detection of leukemia is a critical determinant for successful treatment of the disease and can increase the survival rate of leukemia patients. The factors limiting the current screening approaches to leukemia include low sensitivity and specificity, high costs, and a low participation rate. An approach based on novel and innovative biomarkers with high accuracy from peripheral blood offers a comfortable and appealing alternative to patients, potentially leading to a higher participation rate.Recently, non-coding RNAs due to their involvement in vital oncogenic processes such as differentiation, proliferation, migration, angiogenesis and apoptosis have attracted much attention as potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in leukemia. Emerging lines of evidence have shown that the mutational spectrum and dysregulated expression of non-coding RNA genes are closely associated with the development and progression of various cancers, including leukemia. In this review, we highlight the expression and functional roles of different types of non-coding RNAs in leukemia and discuss their potential clinical applications as diagnostic or prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajaz A Bhat
- Translational Medicine, Sidra Medicine, P.O. Box 26999, Doha, Qatar
| | - Salma N Younes
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Health Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, P.O. Box 3050, Doha, Qatar
| | - Syed Shadab Raza
- Laboratory for Stem Cell & Restorative Neurology, Era's Lucknow Medical College and Hospital, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Lubna Zarif
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Health Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, P.O. Box 3050, Doha, Qatar
| | - Sabah Nisar
- Translational Medicine, Sidra Medicine, P.O. Box 26999, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ikhlak Ahmed
- Translational Medicine, Sidra Medicine, P.O. Box 26999, Doha, Qatar
| | - Rashid Mir
- Department of Medical Lab Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sachin Kumar
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Institute Rotary Cancer Hospital, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Surender K Sharawat
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Institute Rotary Cancer Hospital, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Sheema Hashem
- Translational Medicine, Sidra Medicine, P.O. Box 26999, Doha, Qatar
| | - Imadeldin Elfaki
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
| | - Michal Kulinski
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, P.O. Box 3050, Doha, Qatar
| | - Shilpa Kuttikrishnan
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, P.O. Box 3050, Doha, Qatar
| | - Kirti S Prabhu
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, P.O. Box 3050, Doha, Qatar
| | - Abdul Q Khan
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, P.O. Box 3050, Doha, Qatar
| | - Santosh K Yadav
- Translational Medicine, Sidra Medicine, P.O. Box 26999, Doha, Qatar
| | - Wael El-Rifai
- Department of Surgery, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Mohammad A Zargar
- Department of Biotechnology, Central University of Kashmir, Ganderbal, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Hatem Zayed
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Health Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Mohammad Haris
- Translational Medicine, Sidra Medicine, P.O. Box 26999, Doha, Qatar.
- Laboratory Animal Research Center, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar.
| | - Shahab Uddin
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, P.O. Box 3050, Doha, Qatar.
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Wong NK, Huang CL, Islam R, Yip SP. Long non-coding RNAs in hematological malignancies: translating basic techniques into diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. J Hematol Oncol 2018; 11:131. [PMID: 30466456 PMCID: PMC6251105 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-018-0673-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have revealed that non-coding regions comprise the vast majority of the human genome and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are a diverse class of non-coding RNAs that has been implicated in a variety of biological processes. Abnormal expression of lncRNAs has also been linked to different human diseases including cancers, yet the regulatory mechanisms and functional effects of lncRNAs are still ambiguous, and the molecular details also need to be confirmed. Unlike protein-coding gene, it is much more challenging to unravel the roles of lncRNAs owing to their unique and complex features such as functional diversity and low conservation among species, which greatly hamper their experimental characterization. In this review, we summarize and discuss both conventional and advanced approaches for the identification and functional characterization of lncRNAs related to hematological malignancies. In particular, the utility and advancement of clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-Cas system as gene-editing tools are envisioned to facilitate the molecular dissection of lncRNAs via different knock-in/out strategies. Besides experimental considerations specific to lncRNAs, the roles of lncRNAs in the pathogenesis and progression of leukemia are also highlighted in the review. We expect that these insights may ultimately lead to clinical applications including development of biomarkers and novel therapeutic approaches targeting lncRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nonthaphat Kent Wong
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Y9/F, Lee Shau Kee Building, Hung Hom, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Chien-Ling Huang
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Y9/F, Lee Shau Kee Building, Hung Hom, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Rashidul Islam
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Y9/F, Lee Shau Kee Building, Hung Hom, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Shea Ping Yip
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Y9/F, Lee Shau Kee Building, Hung Hom, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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Imsnc761 and DDX6 synergistically suppress cell proliferation and promote apoptosis via p53 in testicular embryonal carcinoma cells. Biosci Rep 2018; 38:BSR20180271. [PMID: 29769412 PMCID: PMC6028756 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20180271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Revised: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Intermediate-sized non-coding RNAs (imsncRNAs) have been shown to play important regulatory roles in the development of several eukaryotic organisms. In the present research, we selected imsncRNA 761 (imsnc761) as a research target. Expression analyses in a previous study showed that imsnc761 was down-regulated in maturation-arrested testis tissues as compared with the level in normal controls. In the present study, we found that imsnc761 could interact with DEAD-box helicase 6 (DDX6) to induce NTERA-2 (NT2 (testicular embryonal carcinoma cell)) cell apoptosis and proliferation inhibition via the p53 pathway. This interaction between imsnc761 and DDX6 also inhibited mitochondrial function and specific gene transcription and translation. To facilitate further research, we used label-free quantitation method to analyze the associated differences in Kyoto Encyclopaedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways and biological processes. This confirmed the changes in several specific pathways, which matched our molecular experimental results.
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