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Kim DH, Ahn J, Suh Y, Ziouzenkova O, Lee JW, Lee K. Retinol Binding Protein 7 Promotes Adipogenesis in vitro and Regulates Expression of Genes Involved in Retinol Metabolism. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:876031. [PMID: 35493071 PMCID: PMC9047791 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.876031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Retinol is an essential nutrient in animals. Its metabolites, specifically retinoic acid (RA), are crucial for cell differentiation, including adipogenesis. Retinol binding protein 7 (Rbp7) is under the control of PPARγ, the master regulator of adipogenesis. However, the role of RBP7 in adipogenesis is unclear. Our study showed that Rbp7 was abundantly expressed in white and brown mouse adipose tissues and had a higher expression in adipocytes than in stromal vascular fraction. Rbp7 overexpression promoted 3T3-L1 preadipocyte differentiation with increased triglyceride accumulation and up-regulation of Pparγ, Fabp4, C/ebpα, and AdipoQ. Rbp7 deficient adipocytes had opposite effects of the overexpression, which were rescued by RA supplementation. Indirect assessment of relative nuclear RA levels using RAR response element (RARE)-Luc reporter assay demonstrated that Rbp7 overexpression significantly increased RARE-Luc reporter activity. Rbp7 overexpression significantly increased expression of Raldh1, responsible for RA production, and up-regulation of Lrat and Cyp26a1, involved in retinol storage and RA catabolism, respectively, in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Rbp7 deficient adipocytes had opposite effects of the overexpression of those genes involved in retinol metabolism. These data suggest that RBP7 increases transcriptional activity of RARE that may induce negative feedback responses via regulation of the gene expression for retinol homeostasis. Our data indicate critical RBP7 functions in adipocytes: regulation of transcriptional activity of RARE and adipocytes differentiation, potentially providing a new target for obesity therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Hwan Kim
- Biotherapeutics Translational Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, South Korea
- Department of Functional Genomics, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Jinsoo Ahn
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Yeunsu Suh
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Ouliana Ziouzenkova
- Department of Human Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Jeong-Woong Lee
- Biotherapeutics Translational Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, South Korea
- Department of Functional Genomics, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
- *Correspondence: Jeong-Woong Lee, ; Kichoon Lee,
| | - Kichoon Lee
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
- The Ohio State University Interdisciplinary Human Nutrition Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
- *Correspondence: Jeong-Woong Lee, ; Kichoon Lee,
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Venkatachalam AB, Parmar MB, Wright JM. Evolution of the duplicated intracellular lipid-binding protein genes of teleost fishes. Mol Genet Genomics 2017; 292:699-727. [PMID: 28389698 DOI: 10.1007/s00438-017-1313-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2016] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Increasing organismal complexity during the evolution of life has been attributed to the duplication of genes and entire genomes. More recently, theoretical models have been proposed that postulate the fate of duplicated genes, among them the duplication-degeneration-complementation (DDC) model. In the DDC model, the common fate of a duplicated gene is lost from the genome owing to nonfunctionalization. Duplicated genes are retained in the genome either by subfunctionalization, where the functions of the ancestral gene are sub-divided between the sister duplicate genes, or by neofunctionalization, where one of the duplicate genes acquires a new function. Both processes occur either by loss or gain of regulatory elements in the promoters of duplicated genes. Here, we review the genomic organization, evolution, and transcriptional regulation of the multigene family of intracellular lipid-binding protein (iLBP) genes from teleost fishes. Teleost fishes possess many copies of iLBP genes owing to a whole genome duplication (WGD) early in the teleost fish radiation. Moreover, the retention of duplicated iLBP genes is substantially higher than the retention of all other genes duplicated in the teleost genome. The fatty acid-binding protein genes, a subfamily of the iLBP multigene family in zebrafish, are differentially regulated by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) isoforms, which may account for the retention of iLBP genes in the zebrafish genome by the process of subfunctionalization of cis-acting regulatory elements in iLBP gene promoters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ananda B Venkatachalam
- Department of Biology, Dalhousie University, 1355 Oxford Street, PO BOX 15000, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Manoj B Parmar
- Department of Biology, Dalhousie University, 1355 Oxford Street, PO BOX 15000, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Jonathan M Wright
- Department of Biology, Dalhousie University, 1355 Oxford Street, PO BOX 15000, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada.
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Chen H, Babino D, Schoenbichler SA, Arkhipova V, Töchterle S, Martin F, Huck CW, von Lintig J, Meyer D. Nmnat1-Rbp7 Is a Conserved Fusion-Protein That Combines NAD+ Catalysis of Nmnat1 with Subcellular Localization of Rbp7. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0143825. [PMID: 26618989 PMCID: PMC4664474 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0143825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2015] [Accepted: 11/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Retinol binding proteins (Rbps) are known as carriers for transport and targeting of retinoids to their metabolizing enzymes. Rbps are also reported to function in regulating the homeostatic balance of retinoid metabolism, as their level of retinoid occupancy impacts the activities of retinoid metabolizing enzymes. Here we used zebrafish as a model to study rbp7a function and regulation. We find that early embryonic rbp7a expression is negatively regulated by the Nodal/FoxH1-signaling pathway and we show that Nodal/FoxH1 activity has the opposite effect on aldh1a2, which encodes the major enzyme for early embryonic retinoic acid production. The data are consistent with a Nodal-dependent coordination of the allocation of retinoid precursors to processing enzymes with the catalysis of retinoic acid formation. Further, we describe a novel nmnat1-rbp7 transcript encoding a fusion of Rbp7 and the NAD+ (Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) synthesizing enzyme Nmnat1. We show that nmnat1-rbp7 is conserved in fish, mouse and chicken, and that in zebrafish regulation of nmnat1-rbp7a is distinct from that of rbp7a and nmnat1. Injection experiments in zebrafish further revealed that Nmnat1-Rbp7a and Nmnat1 have similar NAD+ catalyzing activities but a different subcellular localization. HPLC measurements and protein localization analysis highlight Nmnat1-Rbp7a as the only known cytoplasmic and presumably endoplasmic reticulum (ER) specific NAD+ catalyzing enzyme. These studies, taken together with previously documented NAD+ dependent interaction of RBPs with ER-associated enzymes of retinal catalysis, implicate functions of this newly described NMNAT1-Rbp7 fusion protein in retinol oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Chen
- Institute of Molecular Biology/CMBI, University of Innsbruck, Technikerstrasse 25, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Darwin Babino
- School of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve University, 2109 Adelbert Road, Cleveland, Ohio, 44106, United States of America
| | - Stefan A. Schoenbichler
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry and Radiochemistry/ CCB–Center for Chemistry and Biomedicine, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80–82, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Valeryia Arkhipova
- Institute of Molecular Biology/CMBI, University of Innsbruck, Technikerstrasse 25, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Sonja Töchterle
- Institute of Molecular Biology/CMBI, University of Innsbruck, Technikerstrasse 25, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Fabian Martin
- Institute of Molecular Biology/CMBI, University of Innsbruck, Technikerstrasse 25, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Christian W. Huck
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry and Radiochemistry/ CCB–Center for Chemistry and Biomedicine, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80–82, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Johannes von Lintig
- School of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve University, 2109 Adelbert Road, Cleveland, Ohio, 44106, United States of America
| | - Dirk Meyer
- Institute of Molecular Biology/CMBI, University of Innsbruck, Technikerstrasse 25, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
- * E-mail:
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Parmar MB, Shams R, Wright JM. Genomic organization and transcription of the medaka and zebrafish cellular retinol-binding protein (rbp) genes. Mar Genomics 2013; 11:1-10. [PMID: 23632098 DOI: 10.1016/j.margen.2013.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2013] [Revised: 03/25/2013] [Accepted: 04/07/2013] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we examined the evolutionary trajectories and the common ancestor of medaka rbp genes by comparing them to the well-studied rbp/RBP genes from zebrafish and other vertebrates. We describe here gene structure, sequence identity, phylogenetic analysis and conserved gene synteny of medaka rbp genes and their putative proteins as well as the tissue-specific distribution of rbp transcripts in adult medaka and zebrafish. Medaka rbp genes consist of four exons separated by three introns that encode putative polypeptides of 134-138 amino acids, a genomic organization characteristic of rbp genes. Medaka Rbp sequences share highest sequence identity and similarity with their orthologs in vertebrates, and form a distinct clade with them in phylogenetic analysis. Conserved gene synteny was evident among medaka, zebrafish and human rbp/RBP genes, which provides compelling evidence that the medaka rbp1, rbp2a, rbp2b, rbp5, rbp7a and rbp7b genes arose from a common ancestor of vertebrates. Moreover, the duplicated rbp2 and rbp7 genes most likely exist owing to a whole-genome duplication (WGD) event specific to the teleost fish lineage. Selection pressure and the nonparametric relative rate test of the medaka and zebrafish duplicated rbp2 and rbp7 genes suggest that these duplicated genes are subjected to purifying selection and one paralog might have evolved at an accelerated rate compared to its sister duplicate since the WGD. The steady-state levels of medaka and zebrafish rbp1, rbp2a, rbp2b and rbp5 transcripts in various tissues suggest that medaka rbp1, rbp2a and rbp2b genes have retained the regulatory elements of an ancestral RBP1 and RBP2 genes, and the medaka rbp5 gene has acquired new function. Furthermore, the tissue-specific regulations of rbp7a and rbp7b genes have diverged markedly in medaka and zebrafish since the teleost-specific WGD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoj B Parmar
- Department of Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2, Canada.
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Infante C, Ponce M, Manchado M. Duplication of calsequestrin genes in teleosts: Molecular characterization in the Senegalese sole (Solea senegalensis). Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2011; 158:304-14. [PMID: 21256971 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2011.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2010] [Revised: 01/16/2011] [Accepted: 01/17/2011] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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