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Henkels KM, Miller TE, Naji A, van der Hoeven R, Liang H, Zhou Y, Hammond GR, Hancock JF, Cho KJ. Myotubularin-related proteins regulate KRAS function by controlling plasma membrane levels of polyphosphoinositides and phosphatidylserine. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.01.22.576612. [PMID: 38328115 PMCID: PMC10849561 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.22.576612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
KRAS is a small GTPase, ubiquitously expressed in mammalian cells, that functions as a molecular switch to regulate cell proliferation and differentiation. Oncogenic mutations that render KRAS constitutively active occur frequently in human cancers. KRAS must localize to the plasma membrane (PM) for biological activity. KRAS PM binding is mediated by interactions of the KRAS membrane anchor with phosphatidylserine (PtdSer), therefore, depleting PM PtdSer content abrogates KRAS PM binding and oncogenic function. From a genome-wide siRNA screen to search for genes that regulate KRAS PM localization, we identified a set of phosphatidylinositol (PI) 3-phosphatase family members: myotubularin-related (MTMR) proteins 2, 3, 4 and 7. Here we show that knockdown of MTMR 2/3/4/7 expression disrupts KRAS PM interactions. The molecular mechanism involves depletion of PM PI 4-phosphate (PI4P) levels, which in turn disrupts the subcellular localization and operation of oxysterol-binding protein related protein (ORP) 5, a PtdSer lipid transfer protein that maintains PM PtdSer content. Concomitantly, silencing MTMR 2/3/4/7 expression elevates PM levels of PI3P and reduces PM and total cellular levels of PtdSer. In summary we propose that the PI 3-phosphatase activity provided by MTMR proteins is required to generate PM PI for the synthesis of PM PI4P, which in turn, promotes the PM localization of PtdSer and KRAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen M. Henkels
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, Dayton, Ohio 45435, USA
| | - Taylor E. Miller
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, Dayton, Ohio 45435, USA
| | - Ali Naji
- Department of Diagnostic and Biomedical Sciences, School of Dentistry, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Ransome van der Hoeven
- Department of Diagnostic and Biomedical Sciences, School of Dentistry, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Hong Liang
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Yong Zhou
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Gerald R.V. Hammond
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - John F. Hancock
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Kwang-jin Cho
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, Dayton, Ohio 45435, USA
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Shechter S, Ya'ar Bar S, Khattib H, Gage MJ, Avni D. Riok1, A Novel Potential Target in MSI-High p53 Mutant Colorectal Cancer Cells. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28114452. [PMID: 37298928 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28114452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The vulnerabilities of cancer cells constitute a promising strategy for drug therapeutics. This paper integrates proteomics, bioinformatics, and cell genotype together with in vitro cell proliferation assays to identify key biological processes and potential novel kinases that could account, at least in part, for the clinical differences observed in colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. This study started by focusing on CRC cell lines stratified by their microsatellite (MS) state and p53 genotype. It shows that cell-cycle checkpoint, metabolism of proteins and RNA, signal transduction, and WNT signaling processes are significantly more active in MSI-High p53-WT cell lines. Conversely, MSI-High cell lines with a mutant (Mut) p53 gene showed hyperactivation of cell signaling, DNA repair, and immune-system processes. Several kinases were linked to these phenotypes, from which RIOK1 was selected for additional exploration. We also included the KRAS genotype in our analysis. Our results showed that RIOK1's inhibition in CRC MSI-High cell lines was dependent on both the p53 and KRAS genotypes. Explicitly, Nintedanib showed relatively low cytotoxicity in MSI-High with both mutant p53 and KRAS (HCT-15) but no inhibition in p53 and KRAS WT (SW48) MSI-High cells. This trend was flipped in CRC MSI-High bearing opposite p53-KRAS genotypes (e.g., p53-Mut KRAS-WT or p53-WT KRAS-Mut), where observed cytotoxicity was more extensive compared to the p53-KRAS WT-WT or Mut-Mut cells, with HCT 116 (KRAS-Mut and p53-WT) being the most sensitive to RIOK1 inhibition. These results highlight the potential of our in silico computational approach to identify novel kinases in CRC sub-MSI-High populations as well as the importance of clinical genomics in determining drug potency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon Shechter
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA 01854-2874, USA
| | - Sapir Ya'ar Bar
- Department of Natural Compound, Nutrition, and Health, MIGAL Galilee Research Institute, Kiryat Shmona 1101600, Israel
| | - Hamdan Khattib
- Department of Natural Compound, Nutrition, and Health, MIGAL Galilee Research Institute, Kiryat Shmona 1101600, Israel
| | - Matthew J Gage
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA 01854-2874, USA
| | - Dorit Avni
- Department of Natural Compound, Nutrition, and Health, MIGAL Galilee Research Institute, Kiryat Shmona 1101600, Israel
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3
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Kattan WE, Chen W, Ma X, Lan TH, van der Hoeven D, van der Hoeven R, Hancock JF. Targeting plasma membrane phosphatidylserine content to inhibit oncogenic KRAS function. Life Sci Alliance 2019; 2:e201900431. [PMID: 31451509 PMCID: PMC6709719 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.201900431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Revised: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The small GTPase KRAS, which is frequently mutated in human cancers, must be localized to the plasma membrane (PM) for biological activity. We recently showed that the KRAS C-terminal membrane anchor exhibits exquisite lipid-binding specificity for select species of phosphatidylserine (PtdSer). We, therefore, investigated whether reducing PM PtdSer content is sufficient to abrogate KRAS oncogenesis. Oxysterol-related binding proteins ORP5 and ORP8 exchange PtdSer synthesized in the ER for phosphatidyl-4-phosphate synthesized in the PM. We show that depletion of ORP5 or ORP8 reduced PM PtdSer levels, resulting in extensive mislocalization of KRAS from the PM. Concordantly, ORP5 or ORP8 depletion significantly reduced proliferation and anchorage-independent growth of multiple KRAS-dependent cancer cell lines, and attenuated KRAS signaling in vivo. Similarly, functionally inhibiting ORP5 and ORP8 by inhibiting PI4KIIIα-mediated synthesis of phosphatidyl-4-phosphate at the PM selectively inhibited the growth of KRAS-dependent cancer cell lines over normal cells. Inhibiting KRAS function through regulating PM lipid PtdSer content may represent a viable strategy for KRAS-driven cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walaa E Kattan
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Xiaoping Ma
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Tien Hung Lan
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Dharini van der Hoeven
- Department of Diagnostic and Biomedical Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ransome van der Hoeven
- Department of Diagnostic and Biomedical Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - John F Hancock
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, USA
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4
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The Rio1 protein kinases/ATPases: conserved regulators of growth, division, and genomic stability. Curr Genet 2018; 65:457-466. [DOI: 10.1007/s00294-018-0912-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Revised: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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5
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Chen YW, Ko WC, Chen CS, Chen PL. RIOK-1 Is a Suppressor of the p38 MAPK Innate Immune Pathway in Caenorhabditis elegans. Front Immunol 2018; 9:774. [PMID: 29719537 PMCID: PMC5913292 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Innate immunity is the primary defense mechanism against infection in metazoans. However, aberrant upregulation of innate immune-signaling pathways can also be detrimental to the host. The p38 MAPK/PMK-1 innate immune-signaling pathway has been demonstrated to play essential roles in cellular defenses against numerous infections in metazoans, including Caenorhabditis elegans. However, the negative regulators that maintain the homeostasis of this important innate immune pathway remain largely understudied. By screening a focused RNAi library against the kinome of C. elegans, we identified RIOK-1, a human RIO kinase homolog, as a novel suppressor of the p38 MAPK/PMK-1 signal pathway. We demonstrated that the suppression of riok-1 confers resistance to Aeromonas dhakensis infection in C. elegans. Using quantitative real time-PCR and riok-1 reporter worms, we found the expression levels of riok-1 to be significantly upregulated in worms infected with A. dhakensis. Our genetic epistasis analysis suggested that riok-1 acts on the upstream of the p38 MAPK/pmk-1 genetic pathway. Moreover, the suppression of riok-1 enhanced the p38 MAPK signal, suggesting that riok-1 is a negative regulator of this innate pathway in C. elegans. Our epistatic results put riok-1 downstream of skn-1, which encodes a p38 MAPK downstream transcription factor and serves as a feedback loop to the p38 MAPK pathway during an A. dhakensis infection. In conclusion, riok-1 is proposed as a novel innate immune suppressor and as a negative feedback loop model involving p38 MAPK, SKN-1, and RIOK-1 in C. elegans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Wei Chen
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chien Ko
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chang-Shi Chen
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Po-Lin Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
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6
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Hong X, Huang H, Qiu X, Ding Z, Feng X, Zhu Y, Zhuo H, Hou J, Zhao J, Cai W, Sha R, Hong X, Li Y, Song H, Zhang Z. Targeting posttranslational modifications of RIOK1 inhibits the progression of colorectal and gastric cancers. eLife 2018; 7:e29511. [PMID: 29384474 PMCID: PMC5815853 DOI: 10.7554/elife.29511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2017] [Accepted: 01/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
RIOK1 has recently been shown to play important roles in cancers, but its posttranslational regulation is largely unknown. Here we report that RIOK1 is methylated at K411 by SETD7 methyltransferase and that lysine-specific demethylase 1 (LSD1) reverses its methylation. The mutated RIOK1 (K411R) that cannot be methylated exhibits a longer half-life than does the methylated RIOK1. FBXO6 specifically interacts with K411-methylated RIOK1 through its FBA domain to induce RIOK1 ubiquitination. Casein kinase 2 (CK2) phosphorylates RIOK1 at T410, which stabilizes RIOK1 by antagonizing K411 methylation and impeding the recruitment of FBXO6 to RIOK1. Functional experiments demonstrate the RIOK1 methylation reduces the tumor growth and metastasis in mice model. Importantly, the protein levels of CK2 and LSD1 show an inverse correlation with FBXO6 and SETD7 expression in human colorectal cancer tissues. Together, this study highlights the importance of a RIOK1 methylation-phosphorylation switch in determining colorectal and gastric cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuehui Hong
- Longju Medical Research CenterKey Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology, Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical CollegeZunyiChina
- Department of Gastrointestinal SurgeryZhongshan Hospital of Xiamen UniversityXiamenChina
- Institute of Gastrointestinal OncologyMedical College of Xiamen UniversityXiamenChina
- Xiamen Municipal Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal OncologyXiamenChina
| | - He Huang
- Department of Histology and EmbryologyXiangya School of Medicine, Central South UniversityChangshaChina
- Digestive Cancer LaboratorySecond Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical UniversityUrumqiChina
| | - Xingfeng Qiu
- Department of Gastrointestinal SurgeryZhongshan Hospital of Xiamen UniversityXiamenChina
- Institute of Gastrointestinal OncologyMedical College of Xiamen UniversityXiamenChina
- Xiamen Municipal Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal OncologyXiamenChina
| | - Zhijie Ding
- Department of Gastrointestinal SurgeryZhongshan Hospital of Xiamen UniversityXiamenChina
- Institute of Gastrointestinal OncologyMedical College of Xiamen UniversityXiamenChina
- Xiamen Municipal Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal OncologyXiamenChina
| | - Xing Feng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Institute of New JerseyRutgers UniversityNew BrunswickUnited States
| | - Yuekun Zhu
- Department of General SurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical UniversityHarbinChina
| | - Huiqin Zhuo
- Department of Gastrointestinal SurgeryZhongshan Hospital of Xiamen UniversityXiamenChina
- Institute of Gastrointestinal OncologyMedical College of Xiamen UniversityXiamenChina
- Xiamen Municipal Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal OncologyXiamenChina
| | - Jingjing Hou
- Department of Gastrointestinal SurgeryZhongshan Hospital of Xiamen UniversityXiamenChina
- Institute of Gastrointestinal OncologyMedical College of Xiamen UniversityXiamenChina
- Xiamen Municipal Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal OncologyXiamenChina
| | - Jiabao Zhao
- Department of Gastrointestinal SurgeryZhongshan Hospital of Xiamen UniversityXiamenChina
- Institute of Gastrointestinal OncologyMedical College of Xiamen UniversityXiamenChina
- Xiamen Municipal Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal OncologyXiamenChina
| | - Wangyu Cai
- Department of Gastrointestinal SurgeryZhongshan Hospital of Xiamen UniversityXiamenChina
- Institute of Gastrointestinal OncologyMedical College of Xiamen UniversityXiamenChina
- Xiamen Municipal Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal OncologyXiamenChina
| | - Ruihua Sha
- Department of Digestive DiseaseHongqi Hospital, Mudanjiang Medical UniversityMudanjiangChina
| | - Xinya Hong
- Department of Medical Imaging and UltrasoundZhongshan Hospital of Xiamen UniversityXiamenFujian, China
| | - Yongxiang Li
- Department of General SurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical UniversityHefeiChina
| | - Hongjiang Song
- Department of General SurgeryThe Third Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical UniversityHarbinChina
| | - Zhiyong Zhang
- Longju Medical Research CenterKey Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology, Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical CollegeZunyiChina
- Department of Surgery, Robert-Wood-Johnson Medical School University HospitalRutgers University, The State University of New JerseyNew BrunswickUnited States
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7
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Sphingomyelin Metabolism Is a Regulator of K-Ras Function. Mol Cell Biol 2018; 38:MCB.00373-17. [PMID: 29158292 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00373-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
K-Ras must localize to the plasma membrane (PM) for biological activity. We show here that multiple acid sphingomyelinase (ASM) inhibitors, including tricyclic antidepressants, mislocalized phosphatidylserine (PtdSer) and K-RasG12V from the PM, resulting in abrogation of K-RasG12V signaling and potent, selective growth inhibition of mutant K-Ras-transformed cancer cells. Concordantly, in nude mice, the ASM inhibitor fendiline decreased the rate of growth of oncogenic K-Ras-expressing MiaPaCa-2 tumors but had no effect on the growth of the wild-type K-Ras-expressing BxPC-3 tumors. ASM inhibitors also inhibited activated LET-60 (a K-Ras ortholog) signaling in Caenorhabditis elegans, as evidenced by suppression of the induced multivulva phenotype. Using RNA interference against C. elegans genes encoding other enzymes in the sphingomyelin (SM) biosynthetic pathway, we identified 14 enzymes whose knockdown strongly or moderately suppressed the LET-60 multivulva phenotype. In mammalian cells, pharmacological agents that target these enzymes all depleted PtdSer from the PM and caused K-RasG12V mislocalization. These effects correlated with changes in SM levels or subcellular distribution. Selected compounds, including sphingosine kinase inhibitors, potently inhibited the proliferation of oncogenic K-Ras-expressing pancreatic cancer cells. In conclusion, these results show that normal SM metabolism is critical for K-Ras function, which may present therapeutic options for the treatment of K-Ras-driven cancers.
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8
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Yuan W, Zhou H, Lok JB, Lei W, He S, Gasser RB, Zhou R, Fang R, Zhou Y, Zhao J, Hu M. Functional genomic exploration reveals that Ss-RIOK-1 is essential for the development and survival of Strongyloides stercoralis larvae. Int J Parasitol 2017; 47:933-940. [PMID: 28780152 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2017.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Revised: 05/15/2017] [Accepted: 06/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Protein kinase RIOK-1 is a non-ribosomal factor essential for rRNA cleavage and ribosome small subunit maturation. It is encoded in all eukaryotic organisms. The RIOK-1 encoding gene of Caenorhabditis elegans (Ce-riok-1) is expressed in the neuronal and reproductive systems in larvae and adults of this free-living nematode, and it supports larval growth and development of the adult gonad. In spite of its recognised roles in model organisms such as C. elegans, little is known about the function of this molecule in parasitic nematodes. In a previous study, we characterised the structure, transcriptional profiles and in vivo transcriptional expression patterns of the Ss-riok-1 of human and canine parasitic nematode Strongyloides stercoralis. Here, we extend previous work to undertake functional studies, using transgenesis to assess the roles of Ss-RIOK-1 in the development of S. stercoralis. The results revealed that recombinant Ss-RIOK-1 with D282A mutation at its catalytic site lost its kinase phosphorylation activity in vitro. Both wild-type and mutant Ss-RIOK-1s were expressed in the cytoplasm of neurons and some hypodermal cells in the wild-type strain (UPD) of S. stercoralis. Larvae expressing the dominant negative mutant Ss-RIOK-1 that lost the catalytic activity had a decreased mobility and a severe defect in development to the infective L3 stage. Our findings demonstrated that Ss-RIOK-1 is essential for the development and survival of free-living larvae of S. stercoralis, and that catalytic activity is essential for its function in the parasitic nematode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Huan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - James B Lok
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Weiqiang Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Siyuan He
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Robin B Gasser
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China; Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Rui Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Rui Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yanqin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Junlong Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Min Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.
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9
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Weinberg F, Reischmann N, Fauth L, Taromi S, Mastroianni J, Köhler M, Halbach S, Becker AC, Deng N, Schmitz T, Uhl FM, Herbener N, Riedel B, Beier F, Swarbrick A, Lassmann S, Dengjel J, Zeiser R, Brummer T. The Atypical Kinase RIOK1 Promotes Tumor Growth and Invasive Behavior. EBioMedicine 2017; 20:79-97. [PMID: 28499923 PMCID: PMC5478185 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2017.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2016] [Revised: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 04/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite being overexpressed in different tumor entities, RIO kinases are hardly characterized in mammalian cells. We investigated the role of these atypical kinases in different cancer cells. Using isogenic colon-, breast- and lung cancer cell lines, we demonstrate that knockdown of RIOK1, but not of RIOK2 or RIOK3, strongly impairs proliferation and invasiveness in conventional and 3D culture systems. Interestingly, these effects were mainly observed in RAS mutant cancer cells. In contrast, growth of RAS wildtype Caco-2 and Bcr-Abl-driven K562 cells is not affected by RIOK1 knockdown, suggesting a specific requirement for RIOK1 in the context of oncogenic RAS signaling. Furthermore, we show that RIOK1 activates NF-κB signaling and promotes cell cycle progression. Using proteomics, we identified the pro-invasive proteins Metadherin and Stathmin1 to be regulated by RIOK1. Additionally, we demonstrate that RIOK1 promotes lung colonization in vivo and that RIOK1 is overexpressed in different subtypes of human lung- and breast cancer. Altogether, our data suggest RIOK1 as a potential therapeutic target, especially in RAS-driven cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Weinberg
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Cell Research (IMMZ), Faculty of Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs-University (ALU), Freiburg, Germany; Faculty of Biology, ALU, Freiburg, Germany; BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, BIOSS, ALU, Germany
| | - Nadine Reischmann
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Cell Research (IMMZ), Faculty of Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs-University (ALU), Freiburg, Germany; Faculty of Biology, ALU, Freiburg, Germany; Spemann Graduate School of Biology and Medicine (SGBM), ALU, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Lisa Fauth
- Institute for Surgical Pathology, Medical Center and Faculty of Medicine, ALU, Germany
| | - Sanaz Taromi
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University Medical Center, ALU, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Justin Mastroianni
- Faculty of Biology, ALU, Freiburg, Germany; Department of Hematology and Oncology, University Medical Center, ALU, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Martin Köhler
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Cell Research (IMMZ), Faculty of Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs-University (ALU), Freiburg, Germany; Faculty of Biology, ALU, Freiburg, Germany; Spemann Graduate School of Biology and Medicine (SGBM), ALU, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Halbach
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Cell Research (IMMZ), Faculty of Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs-University (ALU), Freiburg, Germany; Faculty of Biology, ALU, Freiburg, Germany; Spemann Graduate School of Biology and Medicine (SGBM), ALU, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Andrea C Becker
- Freiburg Institute for Advanced Studies (FRIAS), ALU, Freiburg, Germany; Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center - ALU, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Niantao Deng
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia; St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW, Sydney, Australia
| | - Tatjana Schmitz
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Cell Research (IMMZ), Faculty of Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs-University (ALU), Freiburg, Germany
| | - Franziska Maria Uhl
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Cell Research (IMMZ), Faculty of Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs-University (ALU), Freiburg, Germany; Faculty of Biology, ALU, Freiburg, Germany; Department of Hematology and Oncology, University Medical Center, ALU, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Nicola Herbener
- Institute for Surgical Pathology, Medical Center and Faculty of Medicine, ALU, Germany
| | - Bianca Riedel
- Institute for Surgical Pathology, Medical Center and Faculty of Medicine, ALU, Germany
| | - Fabian Beier
- Institute for Surgical Pathology, Medical Center and Faculty of Medicine, ALU, Germany
| | - Alexander Swarbrick
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia; St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW, Sydney, Australia
| | - Silke Lassmann
- BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, BIOSS, ALU, Germany; Institute for Surgical Pathology, Medical Center and Faculty of Medicine, ALU, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK, Freiburg) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jörn Dengjel
- BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, BIOSS, ALU, Germany; Freiburg Institute for Advanced Studies (FRIAS), ALU, Freiburg, Germany; Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center - ALU, Freiburg, Germany; Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Robert Zeiser
- BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, BIOSS, ALU, Germany; Department of Hematology and Oncology, University Medical Center, ALU, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Tilman Brummer
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Cell Research (IMMZ), Faculty of Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs-University (ALU), Freiburg, Germany; Faculty of Biology, ALU, Freiburg, Germany; BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, BIOSS, ALU, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK, Freiburg) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.
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10
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Liu K, Chen HL, Wang S, Gu MM, Chen XM, Zhang SL, Yu KJ, You QS. High Expression of RIOK2 and NOB1 Predict Human Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Outcomes. Sci Rep 2016; 6:28666. [PMID: 27346559 PMCID: PMC4921844 DOI: 10.1038/srep28666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2016] [Accepted: 06/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. However, there is a shortage of suitable diagnostic markers for early stages of NSCLC, and therapeutic targets are limited. Right open reading frame (Rio) kinase 2 (RIOK2) and Nin one binding (NOB1) protein are important accessory factors in ribosome assembly and are highly expressed in malignant tumours; moreover, they interact with each other. However, the RIOK2 expression profile and its clinical significance as well as NOB1's mechanism in NSCLC remain unknown. In this study, NSCLC cell lines and 15 NSCLC tumour tissues (paired with adjacent normal lung tissues) were collected for a real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) analysis. In addition, 153 NSCLC cases and 27 normal lung tissues were used in an immunohistochemical analysis to evaluate the RIOK2 and NOB1 expression profiles, their clinicopathological factors in NSCLC and their correlations with prognoses. RIOK2 and NOB1 were highly expressed in NSCLC cells and tissues, and their expression profiles were significantly associated with the Tumour Node Metastasis (TNM) clinical stage, lymph node metastasis, and differentiation. RIOK2 expression was correlated with NOB1. The results suggested that simultaneously determining the expression of RIOK2 and NOB1 will improve the diagnostic rate in early stages of NSCLC. Moreover, RIOK2 and NOB1 might be potential targets for NSCLC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Liu
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | | | - Shuo Wang
- Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Ming-Ming Gu
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Xin-Ming Chen
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | | | | | - Qing-Sheng You
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
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