Uterine sarcoma with ambiguous histomorphology: A case report

Endometrial Sarcoma Metastasis to the Pterygopalatine Fossa: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

Metastatic skull base malignancies infrequently occur but, when present, typically arise from breast malignancies. Pterygopalatine fossa (PPF) metastasis of any malignancy is further seldom reported, and metastasis of gynecologic malignancies to the PPF has not been previously described in the literature. We present a single case of a 42-year-old female with the first likely case of high-grade endometrial sarcoma metastatic to the PPF. The patient presented with facial pain and numbness in the V2 distribution presented for evaluation. History was significant for several months of dysmenorrhea and metrorrhagia. Computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and positron emission tomography imaging revealed a PPF mass with local extension and bony metastases. Endoscopic biopsy was performed, and final pathology was most consistent with metastatic high-grade endometrial stromal sarcoma. This is the first reported case of likely metastatic endometrial sarcoma to the PPF. This case report highlights the possibility of rare distant metastasis of gynecologic malignancy to this area of the skull base.

The role of pazopanib on tumour angiogenesis and in the management of cancers: A review

Pazopanib is a relatively new compound to be introduced into the chemotherapy field. It is thought to have decent anti-angiogenic properties, which gives an additional hope for the treatment of certain types of cancers. A systematic review solely discussing about pazopanib and its anti-angiogenic effect is yet to be published to date, despite several relevant clinical trials being conducted over the recent years. In this review, we aim to investigate the mechanism of pazopanib's anti-angiogenic effect and its effectiveness in treating several cancers. We have included, in this study, findings from electronically searchable data from randomized clinical trials, clinical studies, cohort studies and other relevant articles. A total of 352 studies were included in this review. From the studies, the effect of pazopanib in various cancers or models was observed and recorded. Study quality is indefinite, with a few decent quality articles. The most elaborately studied cancers include renal cell carcinoma, solid tumors, advanced solid tumors, soft tissue sarcoma, breast cancer and gynecological cancers. In addition, several less commonly studied cancers are included in the studies as well. Pazopanib had demonstrated its anti-angiogenic effect based on favorable results observed in cancers, which are caused by angiogenesis-related mechanisms, such as renal cell carcinoma, solid tumors, advanced solid tumors and soft tissue sarcoma. This review was conducted to study, analyze and review the anti-angiogenic properties of pazopanib in various cancers. The results obtained can provide a decent reference when considering treatment options for angiogenesis-related malignancies. Furthermore, the definite observations of the anti-angiogenic effects of pazopanib could provide newer insights leading to the future development of drugs of the same mechanism with increased efficiency and reduced adverse effects.