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Soave I, Occhiali T, Assorgi C, Marci R, Caserta D. Environmental toxin exposure in polycystic ovary syndrome women and possible ovarian neoplastic repercussion. Curr Med Res Opin 2020; 36:693-703. [PMID: 32046531 DOI: 10.1080/03007995.2020.1729108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: Over the last two decades, increasing attention has been paid to environmental toxins and their effects on the female reproductive system. Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are exogenous substances or mixtures that can mimic the action of steroid hormones and interfere with their metabolism. Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) are proinflammatory molecules that can interact with cell surface receptors and mediate the triggering of proinflammatory pathways and oxidative stress. The purpose of this review is to explore the effects of environmental toxin exposure in the pathogenesis of both polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and OC (ovarian cancer), considered separately, and also to evaluate possible neoplastic ovarian repercussion after exposure in patients diagnosed with PCOS.Materials and methods: We searched PubMed for articles published in the English language with the use of the following MeSH search terms: "polycystic ovary syndrome" and "ovarian cancer" combined with "endocrine disruptors". Titles and abstracts were examined and full articles that met the selection criteria were retrieved. A manual search of review articles and cross-references completed the search.Results: Extensive data from different studies collected in recent years concerning the effects of EDC/AGE exposure have confirmed their role in the pathophysiology of both PCOS and OC. They favor PCOS/OC development through different mechanisms that finally lead to hormonal and metabolic disruption and epigenetic modifications.Conclusions: Environmental toxin exposure in PCOS women could favor neoplastic transformation by exacerbating and potentiating some PCOS features. Further research, although difficult, is needed in order to prevent further diffusion of these substances in the environment, or at least to provide adequate information to the population considered at risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Soave
- Department of Surgical and Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, S. Andrea Hospital, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Tommaso Occhiali
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Italy
| | - Chiara Assorgi
- Department of Surgical and Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, S. Andrea Hospital, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Roberto Marci
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Italy
| | - Donatella Caserta
- Department of Surgical and Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, S. Andrea Hospital, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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Samtani R, Sharma N, Garg D. Effects of Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals and Epigenetic Modifications in Ovarian Cancer: A Review. Reprod Sci 2017; 25:7-18. [PMID: 28602118 DOI: 10.1177/1933719117711261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer (OC) is a relatively fatal female reproductive malignancy. Since the underlying causes are uncertain, it brings us to believe that both genetic and external factors contribute toward development of this lethal disorder. Exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) in the form of occupational usage of pesticides, fungicides, herbicides, plasticizers, cosmetics, and so on is potentially carcinogenic and their ability to cause epigenetic modifications has led us to hypothesize that they may play a catalytic role in OC progression. In response to synthetic chemicals, animal models have demonstrated disturbances in the development of ovaries and steroid hormonal levels but in humans, more research is required. The present review is an attempt to address the impact of EDCs on the hormonal system and gene methylation levels that may lead to malfunctioning of the ovaries which may consequently develop in the form of cancer. It can be concluded that endocrine disruptors do have a potential carcinogenicity and their high proportions in human body may cause epigenetic modifications, prompting ovarian surface epithelium to grow in an abnormal manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ratika Samtani
- 1 Amity Institute of Anthropology, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Noopur Sharma
- 1 Amity Institute of Anthropology, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Deepali Garg
- 2 Dr Deepali Path Labs & Cancer Diagnostic Centre, Bathinda, Punjab, India
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El Bairi K, Kandhro AH, Gouri A, Mahfoud W, Louanjli N, Saadani B, Afqir S, Amrani M. Emerging diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic biomarkers for ovarian cancer. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2017; 40:105-118. [PMID: 27981507 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-016-0309-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In spite of various treatment options currently available, ovarian cancer (OC) still remains a leading cause of death in women world-wide. Diagnosis at an early stage is one of the most important factors that determines survival. Current clinical diagnostic tools have, however, a limited efficacy in early OC detection. Therefore, there is a critical need for new (early) diagnostic biomarkers and tools. Through advances in genomic, proteomic and metabolomic techniques, several novel molecular OC biomarkers have recently been identified. These biomarkers are currently subject to validation. In addition, integration of genomic, proteomic and metabolomic data, in conjunction with epidemiologic and clinical data, is considered essential for obtaining useful results. Interesting recent work has already shown that specific diagnostic biomarkers, such as BRCA mutations, may have profound therapeutic implications. Here, we review the current state of OC research through literature and database searches, with a focus on various recently identified biomarkers via different technologies for the (early) diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of OC. CONCLUSIONS Multi-biomarker panels accompanied by a meticulous determination of their sensitivity and specificity, as well their validation, using multivariate analyses will be critical for its clinical application, including early OC detection and tailor-made OC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalid El Bairi
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Oujda, Morocco.
- Independent Research Team in Cancer Biology and Bioactive Compounds, Mohammed 1st University, Oujda, Morocco.
| | - Abdul Hafeez Kandhro
- Department of Biochemistry, Healthcare Molecular and Diagnostic Laboratory, Hyderabad, Pakistan
| | - Adel Gouri
- Laboratory of Medical Biochemistry, Ibn Rochd University Hospital, Annaba, Algeria
| | - Wafaa Mahfoud
- Laboratory of Biology and Health, URAC-34, Faculty of Science Ben Msik, University Hassan II, Mohammedia, Casablanca, Morocco
| | | | - Brahim Saadani
- IVF center IRIFIV, Clinique des Iris, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Said Afqir
- Department of Medical Oncology, Mohamed 1st University Hospital, Oujda, Morocco
| | - Mariam Amrani
- Equipe de Recherche ONCOGYMA, Faculty of Medicine, Pathology Department, National Institute of Oncology, Université Mohamed V, Rabat, Morocco
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El Bairi K, Kandhro AH, Gouri A, Mahfoud W, Louanjli N, Saadani B, Afqir S, Amrani M. Emerging diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic biomarkers for ovarian cancer. CELLULAR ONCOLOGY (DORDRECHT) 2016. [PMID: 27981507 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-016-0309-1] [] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In spite of various treatment options currently available, ovarian cancer (OC) still remains a leading cause of death in women world-wide. Diagnosis at an early stage is one of the most important factors that determines survival. Current clinical diagnostic tools have, however, a limited efficacy in early OC detection. Therefore, there is a critical need for new (early) diagnostic biomarkers and tools. Through advances in genomic, proteomic and metabolomic techniques, several novel molecular OC biomarkers have recently been identified. These biomarkers are currently subject to validation. In addition, integration of genomic, proteomic and metabolomic data, in conjunction with epidemiologic and clinical data, is considered essential for obtaining useful results. Interesting recent work has already shown that specific diagnostic biomarkers, such as BRCA mutations, may have profound therapeutic implications. Here, we review the current state of OC research through literature and database searches, with a focus on various recently identified biomarkers via different technologies for the (early) diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of OC. CONCLUSIONS Multi-biomarker panels accompanied by a meticulous determination of their sensitivity and specificity, as well their validation, using multivariate analyses will be critical for its clinical application, including early OC detection and tailor-made OC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalid El Bairi
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Oujda, Morocco. .,Independent Research Team in Cancer Biology and Bioactive Compounds, Mohammed 1st University, Oujda, Morocco.
| | - Abdul Hafeez Kandhro
- Department of Biochemistry, Healthcare Molecular and Diagnostic Laboratory, Hyderabad, Pakistan
| | - Adel Gouri
- Laboratory of Medical Biochemistry, Ibn Rochd University Hospital, Annaba, Algeria
| | - Wafaa Mahfoud
- Laboratory of Biology and Health, URAC-34, Faculty of Science Ben Msik, University Hassan II, Mohammedia, Casablanca, Morocco
| | | | - Brahim Saadani
- IVF center IRIFIV, Clinique des Iris, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Said Afqir
- Department of Medical Oncology, Mohamed 1st University Hospital, Oujda, Morocco
| | - Mariam Amrani
- Equipe de Recherche ONCOGYMA, Faculty of Medicine, Pathology Department, National Institute of Oncology, Université Mohamed V, Rabat, Morocco
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El Bairi K, Kandhro AH, Gouri A, Mahfoud W, Louanjli N, Saadani B, Afqir S, Amrani M. Emerging diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic biomarkers for ovarian cancer. CELLULAR ONCOLOGY (DORDRECHT) 2016. [PMID: 27981507 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-016-0309-1]+[] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In spite of various treatment options currently available, ovarian cancer (OC) still remains a leading cause of death in women world-wide. Diagnosis at an early stage is one of the most important factors that determines survival. Current clinical diagnostic tools have, however, a limited efficacy in early OC detection. Therefore, there is a critical need for new (early) diagnostic biomarkers and tools. Through advances in genomic, proteomic and metabolomic techniques, several novel molecular OC biomarkers have recently been identified. These biomarkers are currently subject to validation. In addition, integration of genomic, proteomic and metabolomic data, in conjunction with epidemiologic and clinical data, is considered essential for obtaining useful results. Interesting recent work has already shown that specific diagnostic biomarkers, such as BRCA mutations, may have profound therapeutic implications. Here, we review the current state of OC research through literature and database searches, with a focus on various recently identified biomarkers via different technologies for the (early) diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of OC. CONCLUSIONS Multi-biomarker panels accompanied by a meticulous determination of their sensitivity and specificity, as well their validation, using multivariate analyses will be critical for its clinical application, including early OC detection and tailor-made OC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalid El Bairi
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Oujda, Morocco. .,Independent Research Team in Cancer Biology and Bioactive Compounds, Mohammed 1st University, Oujda, Morocco.
| | - Abdul Hafeez Kandhro
- Department of Biochemistry, Healthcare Molecular and Diagnostic Laboratory, Hyderabad, Pakistan
| | - Adel Gouri
- Laboratory of Medical Biochemistry, Ibn Rochd University Hospital, Annaba, Algeria
| | - Wafaa Mahfoud
- Laboratory of Biology and Health, URAC-34, Faculty of Science Ben Msik, University Hassan II, Mohammedia, Casablanca, Morocco
| | | | - Brahim Saadani
- IVF center IRIFIV, Clinique des Iris, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Said Afqir
- Department of Medical Oncology, Mohamed 1st University Hospital, Oujda, Morocco
| | - Mariam Amrani
- Equipe de Recherche ONCOGYMA, Faculty of Medicine, Pathology Department, National Institute of Oncology, Université Mohamed V, Rabat, Morocco
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