REDOSER project: optimising biological therapy dose for rheumatoid arthritis and spondyloarthritis patients

Clinical and ultrasound optimization in rheumatoid arthritis for patients in sustained remission, can it work as a new optimization tool?

INTRODUCTION

Some studies have noted that scores relying solely on clinical values to evaluate remission in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) may miss subclinical inflammation, which can lead to exacerbations when therapy is reduced. This opens the possibility of supporting clinical evaluation with imaging studies, one of which is ultrasound (US) evaluation, since it is an accessible tool. Therefore, we have decided to design a study to try to demonstrate the usefulness of US as a complementary measure for the decision-making process in determining the optimization of therapy in patients with RA.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

A multicenter, blinded, randomized, prospective study was conducted in RA patients meeting 2010 ACR/EULAR criteria for sustained remission by DAS28-ESR, with concomitant CDAI/SDAI evaluation. Patients were classified into clinical and ultrasound groups, with treatment remission based on DAS28 or grayscale synovitis/Doppler values. Ultrasound assessments included grayscale (GS) and power Doppler (PD) for joints (A) and tendons (T). A 12 months follow-up was performed, with a subset analyzed at both 18 and 24 months. Exacerbation criteria: DAS28-ESR rise > 1.2 or CDAI/SDAI > 16.

RESULTS

Across all centers, 78 patients were initially recruited, but only 46 completed the 12-month follow-up, with 28 undergoing further evaluation at 24 months. The average baseline DAS28 scores were 1.85 for the clinical group and 1.80 for the ultrasound group. During the study, 18 patients experienced disease exacerbation based on DAS28 score elevation, with 10 in the clinical group and 8 in the ultrasound group. Seven patients experienced disease exacerbation based on CDAI score elevation, all of whom were included in the clinical group. Eight patients showed disease exacerbation based on SDAI score elevation, all in the clinical group.

CONCLUSION

We have demonstrated the utility of ultrasound when optimizing management of rheumatoid arthritis patients. In our patient cohort, ultrasound helps to reduce the number of exacerbations using the SDAI/CDAI index. We highlight the limitations of current assessment methods that rely solely on clinical evaluation, underscore the potential significance of evaluating subclinical synovitis, and emphasize the role of ultrasound as an objective tool in guiding therapy decisions. Our study offers valuable insights for optimizing treatment strategies in RA patients and improving their long-term outcomes.

Efficacy and safety of the optimisation of biological therapy in non-infectious uveitis: Systematic review

OBJECTIVE

To conduct a systematic critical review of the literature on the efficacy and safety of biological therapy (BT) optimisation in non-infectious uveitis (NIU).

METHODS

Searches were conducted (PubMed, Embase, Cochrane and conference abstracts) up to March 2021. The study population comprised patients with NIU in remission after BT. We analysed BT optimisation strategies. The main outcome measures were efficacy and safety. To assess the risk of bias, the ROBINS-1 tool was used. A qualitative review of the data was performed to assess heterogeneity and bias. Evidence tables (study characteristics and outcomes) were generated, and quantitative synthesis was performed if data were homogeneous.

RESULTS

We selected 11 studies (prospective and retrospective) including 513 patients. The studies were at moderate/high risk of bias and there was considerable variability between studies in sample size, underlying diseases, definitions and outcome variables. Criteria for starting optimisation were not uniform. All BTs optimised were TNF inhibitors. Optimisation could be attempted after 3-6 months in remission. Relapse occurred in 25-50% of patients but was controlled after dose re-escalation or BT switching. No safety issues were identified.

CONCLUSIONS

The optimization of BT (with TNF inhibitors) has been applied in patients with NIU in remission. There is no consensus on criteria for attempting BT optimisation and protocols are heterogeneous. There is a least moderate risk of bias, so no robust conclusions on efficacy and safety of optimization can be reached. Preliminary evidence suggests that relapses might be controlled using standard doses. Larger studies using uniform criteria are needed.

Experts document on methotrexate use in combined therapy with biological or targeted synthetic disease modifying drugs in patients with rheumatoid arthritis

OBJECTIVE

We aimed to develop recommendations for the management of methotrexate (MTX) when considering the combination with biological (b) or targeted synthetic (ts) disease modifying drugs (DMARDs) in rheumatoid arthritis (RA).

METHODS

Eleven experts on RA were selected. Two coordinators formulated 13 questions about the combination therapy of MTX with bDMARDs or tsDMARDs. A systematic review was conducted to answer the questions. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were established as well as the search strategies (Medline, Embase and the Cochrane Library were searched up to January 2019). Two reviewers selected the articles and collected data. Simultaneously, EULAR and ACR meeting abstracts were evaluated. Based on this evidence, the coordinators proposed preliminary recommendations that the experts discussed and voted in a nominal group meeting. The level of evidence and grade of recommendation was established using the Oxford Center for Evidence Based Medicine and the level of agreement with a Delphi. Agreement was established if at least 80% of the experts voted 'yes' (yes/no).

RESULTS

The systematic review retrieved 513 citations of which 61 were finally included. A total of 10 recommendations were generated, voted and accepted. The level of agreement was very high in all of them and it was achieved in the first Delphi round. Final recommendations cover aspects such as the optimal MTX dosage, tapering strategy or patients' risk management.

CONCLUSIONS

This document is intended to help clinicians solve usual clinical questions and facilitate decision making when treating RA patients with MTX in combination with bDMARDs or tsDMARDs.

Experts document on methotrexate use in combined therapy with biological or targeted synthetic disease modifying drugs in patients with rheumatoid arthritis

OBJECTIVE

We aimed to develop recommendations for the management of methotrexate (MTX) when considering the combination with biological (b) or targeted synthetic (ts) disease modifying drugs (DMARDs) in rheumatoid arthritis (RA).

METHODS

Eleven experts on RA were selected. Two coordinators formulated 13 questions about the combination therapy of MTX with bDMARDs or tsDMARDs. A systematic review was conducted to answer the questions. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were established as well as the search strategies (Medline, Embase and the Cochrane Library were searched up to January 2019). Two reviewers selected the articles and collected data. Simultaneously, EULAR and ACR meeting abstracts were evaluated. Based on this evidence, the coordinators proposed preliminary recommendations that the experts discussed and voted in a nominal group meeting. The level of evidence and grade of recommendation was established using the Oxford Center for Evidence Based Medicine and the level of agreement with a Delphi. Agreement was established if at least 80% of the experts voted 'yes' (yes/no).

RESULTS

The systematic review retrieved 513 citations of which 61 were finally included. A total of 10 recommendations were generated, voted and accepted. The level of agreement was very high in all of them and it was achieved in the first Delphi round. Final recommendations cover aspects such as the optimal MTX dosage, tapering strategy or patients' risk management.

CONCLUSIONS

This document is intended to help clinicians solve usual clinical questions and facilitate decision making when treating RA patients with MTX in combination with bDMARDs or tsDMARDs.

Withdrawal of infliximab therapy in ankylosing spondylitis in persistent clinical remission, results from the REMINEA study

Background

Recent data suggest that anti-TNF doses can be reduced in ankylosing spondylitis (AS) patients. Some authors even propose withdrawing treatment in patients in clinical remission; however, at present there is no evidence to support this.

Objective

To assess how long AS patients with persistent clinical remission remained free of flares after anti-TNF withdrawal and to evaluate the effects of treatment reintroduction. We also analyze the characteristics of patients who did not present clinical relapse.

Methods

Multicenter, prospective, observational study of a cohort of patients with active AS who had received infliximab as a first anti-TNF treatment and who presented persistent remission (more than 6 months). We recorded at baseline and every 6–8 weeks over the 12-month period the age, gender, disease duration, peripheral arthritis or enthesitis, HLA-B27 status, BASDAI, CRP, ESR, BASFI, and three visual analogue scales, spine global pain, spinal night time pain, and patient’s global assessment.

Results

Thirty-six out of 107 patients (34%) presented persistent remission and were included in our study. After treatment withdrawal, 21 of these 36 patients (58%) presented clinical relapse during follow-up. Infliximab therapy was reintroduced and only 52% achieved clinical remission, as they had before the discontinuation of infliximab; in an additional 10%, reintroduction of infliximab was ineffective, obliging us to change the anti-TNF therapy. No clinical or biological factors were associated with the occurrence of relapse during the follow-up.

Conclusions

Two thirds of patients in clinical remission presented clinical relapse shortly after infliximab withdrawal. Although the reintroduction of infliximab treatment was safe, half of the patients did not present the same clinical response that they had achieved prior to treatment withdrawal.