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Zhu Y, Yu Y, Jia Y, Lin Z, Lei J, Wu D, Xu T, Li L, Zheng B. The Characteristics and Functions of Orally Absorbed Herbal Decoction-Borne Plant MicroRNAs. PLANTA MEDICA 2025; 91:283-292. [PMID: 39875131 DOI: 10.1055/a-2527-2127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2025]
Abstract
Herbal decoctions always contain numerous plant microRNAs, and some of these can be absorbed orally to exert cross-kingdom gene regulation. However, little is known about which specific types of herbal decoction-borne plant microRNAs are more likely to be absorbed. Thus, two antiviral herbal decoctions, Qingfei Paidu and Qingre Huashi Kangdu, were administered to human volunteers and rats, respectively, to investigate the characteristics of orally absorbed decoction-borne plant microRNAs. MIR-6240 - 3 p was identified as an absorbed plant microRNA in humans and is most highly expressed in Qingfei Paidu decoction. Therefore, the kinetics of MIR-6240 - 3 p were monitored in humans following the administration of the Qingfei Paidu decoction, and its antiviral effect on human coronavirus type 229E (HCoV-229E) was examined in vitro. There were 586 176 small RNAs identified in Qingfei Paidu decoction, of which 100 276 were orally absorbed by humans. In the Qingre Huashi Kangdu decoction, 124 026 small RNAs were detected, with 7484 being orally absorbed by rats. Logistical repression analysis revealed that absorbable plant small RNAs in both humans and rats presented higher expression levels, greater minimum free energy, and increased AU/UA frequencies compared to nonabsorbable plant small RNAs. The amount of MIR-6240 - 3 p in humans increased between 1 and 3 h after the administration of the Qingfei Paidu decoction. In addition, MIR-6240 - 3 p significantly reduced the RNA copy number and TCID50 of HCoV-229E in vitro. These results suggest that herbal decoction-borne plant small RNAs with a higher expression level, greater minimum free energy, or an increased AU/UA frequency are more likely to be orally absorbed and could potentially mediate cross-kingdom gene regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yating Zhu
- Evidence-Based Medicine Research Center, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang City, Jiangxi Province, P. R. China
| | - Yicheng Yu
- Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang City, Jiangxi Province, P. R. China
| | - Yao Jia
- Evidence-Based Medicine Research Center, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang City, Jiangxi Province, P. R. China
| | - Ziqi Lin
- Evidence-Based Medicine Research Center, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang City, Jiangxi Province, P. R. China
| | - Jinyue Lei
- Evidence-Based Medicine Research Center, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang City, Jiangxi Province, P. R. China
| | - Diyao Wu
- Evidence-Based Medicine Research Center, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang City, Jiangxi Province, P. R. China
| | - Tielong Xu
- Evidence-Based Medicine Research Center, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang City, Jiangxi Province, P. R. China
| | - Longxue Li
- Laboratory Animal Science and Technology Center, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang City, Jiangxi Province, P. R. China
| | - Bin Zheng
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, and National Center for Tropical Diseases Research, Shanghai, P. R. China
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Qu Q, Zhang W, Xuan Z, Chen R, Ma Y, Huang Y, Hu Y, Lin Y, Liu M, Lv W, Guo S. Evaluation of Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Six Ginsenosides and Rg1 Regulation of Macrophage Polarization and Metabolites to Alleviate Colitis. Antioxidants (Basel) 2025; 14:283. [PMID: 40227284 PMCID: PMC11939151 DOI: 10.3390/antiox14030283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2025] [Revised: 02/21/2025] [Accepted: 02/26/2025] [Indexed: 04/15/2025] Open
Abstract
In ginseng, several ginsenosides have been demonstrated to alleviate dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis, especially the six ginsenosides in this study. However, which ginsenoside has the most potent anti-inflammatory effect and may be selected as a promising candidate for the treatment of colitis remains unclear. A cell inflammation model was induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) for 12 h and mouse colitis was induced by sterile water containing DSS lasting seven days. Cytokines associated with inflammation, pyroptosis, and ferroptosis were assessed by quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR), the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and changes in macrophage polarization were tested by flow cytometry, and analysis of intestinal metabolites by LC-MS/MS was performed. The results in this study displayed that among the six ginsenosides, Rf, Rg1, and Rg3 were the most effective in reducing LPS-induced inflammation in cells. Compared with Rg3 and Rf, Rg1 was superior in restoring body weight and the length of colon, decreasing the disease activity index (DAI), and reducing splenomegaly and colon inflammation. Meanwhile, Rg1 significantly decreased the expression of M1-related pro-inflammation cytokines and increased the expression of M2-related anti-inflammation cytokines. Rg1 also decreased CD86+M1 macrophages and polarized them towards CD206+M2 macrophages. The 700 targeted gut metabolite assays revealed that Rg1 treatment brought the metabolite composition closer to that of DSS-naive mice, while six key metabolites, including dodecanoylcarnitine, isobutyric acid, and decanoylcarnitine, and so on, all were significantly reversed. Our results demonstrated that among the six ginsenosides, Rg1 had the most extraordinary anti-inflammatory effect in LPS-induced cells and DSS-induced mice, and, more importantly, it blunted colitis through regulating macrophage polarization and intestinal metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Qu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Q.Q.); (W.Z.); (Z.X.); (R.C.); (Y.M.); (Y.H.); (Y.H.); (Y.L.); (M.L.)
| | - Wenbo Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Q.Q.); (W.Z.); (Z.X.); (R.C.); (Y.M.); (Y.H.); (Y.H.); (Y.L.); (M.L.)
| | - Zhaoying Xuan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Q.Q.); (W.Z.); (Z.X.); (R.C.); (Y.M.); (Y.H.); (Y.H.); (Y.L.); (M.L.)
| | - Rong Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Q.Q.); (W.Z.); (Z.X.); (R.C.); (Y.M.); (Y.H.); (Y.H.); (Y.L.); (M.L.)
| | - Yimu Ma
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Q.Q.); (W.Z.); (Z.X.); (R.C.); (Y.M.); (Y.H.); (Y.H.); (Y.L.); (M.L.)
| | - Yiwen Huang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Q.Q.); (W.Z.); (Z.X.); (R.C.); (Y.M.); (Y.H.); (Y.H.); (Y.L.); (M.L.)
| | - Yifan Hu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Q.Q.); (W.Z.); (Z.X.); (R.C.); (Y.M.); (Y.H.); (Y.H.); (Y.L.); (M.L.)
| | - Yulin Lin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Q.Q.); (W.Z.); (Z.X.); (R.C.); (Y.M.); (Y.H.); (Y.H.); (Y.L.); (M.L.)
| | - Mengjie Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Q.Q.); (W.Z.); (Z.X.); (R.C.); (Y.M.); (Y.H.); (Y.H.); (Y.L.); (M.L.)
| | - Weijie Lv
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Q.Q.); (W.Z.); (Z.X.); (R.C.); (Y.M.); (Y.H.); (Y.H.); (Y.L.); (M.L.)
| | - Shining Guo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Q.Q.); (W.Z.); (Z.X.); (R.C.); (Y.M.); (Y.H.); (Y.H.); (Y.L.); (M.L.)
- Guangdong Research Center for Veterinary Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Medicine Engineering Technology, Guangzhou 510642, China
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Zhang C, Ma R, Liu W, Ma S, Wang Z, Sun Z. MicroRNAs from Yishen Tongluo formula can repair sperm DNA damage caused by benzo( a)pyrene. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2024; 62:781-789. [PMID: 39435988 PMCID: PMC11497566 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2024.2417002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Revised: 10/04/2024] [Accepted: 10/10/2024] [Indexed: 10/23/2024]
Abstract
CONTEXT Plant microRNAs (miRNAs) present in Yishen Tongluo formula (YSTL, a traditional Chinese herbal medicine formula) are considered as potential therapeutic drugs for reducing the sperm DNA fragmentation index (DFI). OBJECTIVE To study the effectiveness of plant miRNAs in YSTL for repairing mouse sperm DNA damage caused by benzo(a)pyrene (BaP). METHODS AND MATERIALS Twenty-four male SPF ICR (CD1) mice were divided into control, BaP and YSTL groups. A BaP-induced (100 mg/kg) sperm DNA damage model was established in the BaP and YSTL groups, and the mice in the YSTL group were treated with YSTL (23.78 g/kg) for 8 weeks. Sperm DFI was determined via a sperm chromatin structure assay (SCSA). MicroRNAs in the testes of the mice were analysed via RNA-seq, and the top four plant miRNAs were screened, identified and overexpressed in GC cells. The effects of plant miRNAs on the viability and DNA integrity of GC cells exposed to benzo(a)pyrene diol epoxide (BPDE) (1 μM) were tested using CCK8 and comet assays. RESULTS Compared with that of the BaP group, the DFI of the YSTL group decreased (9.57% vs. 18.54%, F = 18.645, p = 0.0236). miR166-y, miR894-x, miR822-x and miR396-x were screened. The CCK8 and comet assays revealed that the DFI of the mimic group was significantly lower than that of the BPDE (IC50 = 1.006 μM) group, with the most significant difference in the miR396-x group. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS Plant miRNAs such as miR396-x can penetrate the blood-testis barrier through the digestive system to repair sperm DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenming Zhang
- The Second Clinical Medical School, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Ruimin Ma
- Traditional Chinese Medicine (ZHONG JING) School, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Wenbang Liu
- Traditional Chinese Medicine (ZHONG JING) School, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Sicheng Ma
- Traditional Chinese Medicine (ZHONG JING) School, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Zulong Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Zixue Sun
- Henan Province Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
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Wang J, Li C, Ruan J, Yang C, Tian Y, Lu B, Wang Y. Cross-kingdom regulation of ginseng miRNA156 on immunity and metabolism. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 138:112577. [PMID: 38955029 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2024] [Revised: 06/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
AIM OF THE STUDY To study the cross-border regulation of immunity and energy metabolism by ginseng miRNA156, and to provide a new perspective for further exploring the possibility of ginseng miRNA156 as a pharmacodynamic substance. MATERIALS AND METHODS Combined with the previous research results of our research group, miRNA156 with high expression in blood sequencing of intragastrically administered with ginseng decoction was selected. Bioinformatics analysis was performed on the selected differential miRNA156. The target genes of differential miRNA156 were mainly enriched in metabolic, immune and other signaling pathways. According to the analysis results, the experimental part will use qi deficiency fatigue model and RAW264.7 cells. The contents of lactic acid (LA), creatine kinase (CK), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), lactate dehydrogenase (LD), liver glycogen (LG), muscle glycogen (MG), interleukin 4 (IL-4), matrix metallo-proteinase 9 (MMP-9), superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde, phosphor-enolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK), glucose-6-phosphatase (G6pase), nitric oxide (NO) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were measured after administration of miRNA156. RESULTS Ginseng miRNA156 can accelerate the removal of metabolic waste during exercise. Increase the glycogen reserve in, provide energy for the body, regulate the activity of key gluconeogenesis enzyme phosphorus, improve the energy metabolism system of, and enhance the endurance of fatigue mice. The contents of matrix metalloproteinase 9, superoxide dismutase and malondialdehyde were affected, and the content of TNF-α in the supernatant of RAW264.7 cells was significantly increased, which had certain antioxidant capacity and potential immunomodulatory effects. CONCLUSION Ginseng miRNA156 has a certain regulatory effect on the energy metabolism and immune function of mice, which makes it possible to regulate the cross-species regulation of ginseng miRNA in theory, provides ideas for ginseng miRNA to become a new pharmacodynamic substance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinglei Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Chenyi Li
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jingxiu Ruan
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Chang Yang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yuexin Tian
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Binxin Lu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yingfang Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery Systems, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangdong Provincial Engineering Center of Topical Precise Drug Delivery System, The Center for Drug Research and Development, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
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Hou B, Yu D, Bai H, Du X. Research Progress of miRNA in Heart Failure: Prediction and Treatment. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2024; 84:136-145. [PMID: 38922572 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000001588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
ABSTRACT This review summarizes the multiple roles of microRNAs (miRNAs) in the prediction and treatment of heart failure (HF), including the molecular mechanisms regulating cell apoptosis, myocardial fibrosis, cardiac hypertrophy, and ventricular remodeling, and highlights the importance of miRNAs in the prognosis of HF. In addition, the strategies for alleviating HF with miRNA intervention are discussed. On the basis of the challenges and emerging directions in the research and clinical practice of HF miRNAs, it is proposed that miRNA-based therapy could be a new approach for prevention and treatment of HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingyan Hou
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica, Ministry of Education, Pharmaceutical College, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
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Xu T, Zhu Y, Lin Z, Lei J, Li L, Zhu W, Wu D. Evidence of Cross-Kingdom Gene Regulation by Plant MicroRNAs and Possible Reasons for Inconsistencies. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:4564-4573. [PMID: 38391237 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c09097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
The debate on whether cross-kingdom gene regulation by orally acquired plant miRNAs is possible has been ongoing for nearly 10 years without a conclusive answer. In this study, we categorized plant miRNAs into different groups, namely, extracellular vesicle (EV)-borne plant miRNAs, extracted plant miRNAs, herbal decoction-borne plant miRNAs, synthetic plant miRNA mimics, and plant tissue/juice-borne plant miRNAs. This categorization aimed to simplify the analysis and address the question more specifically. Our evidence suggests that EV-borne plant miRNAs, extracted plant miRNAs, herbal decoction-borne plant miRNAs, and synthetic plant miRNA mimics consistently facilitate cross-kingdom gene regulation. However, the results regarding the cross-kingdom gene regulation by plant tissue- and juice-borne plant miRNAs are inconclusive. This inconsistency may be due to variations in study methods, a low absorption rate of miRNAs and the selective absorption of plant miRNAs in the gastrointestinal tract. Overall, it is deduced that cross-kingdom gene regulation by orally acquired plant miRNAs can occur under certain circumstances, depending on factors such as the types of plant miRNAs, the delivery mechanism, and their concentrations in the plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tielong Xu
- Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, 1688 Mei Ling Avenue, Nanchang 330004, P.R. China
| | - Yating Zhu
- Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, 1688 Mei Ling Avenue, Nanchang 330004, P.R. China
| | - Ziqi Lin
- Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, 1688 Mei Ling Avenue, Nanchang 330004, P.R. China
| | - Jinyue Lei
- Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, 1688 Mei Ling Avenue, Nanchang 330004, P.R. China
| | - Longxue Li
- Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, 1688 Mei Ling Avenue, Nanchang 330004, P.R. China
| | - Weifeng Zhu
- Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, 1688 Mei Ling Avenue, Nanchang 330004, P.R. China
| | - Diyao Wu
- Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, 1688 Mei Ling Avenue, Nanchang 330004, P.R. China
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Li Q, Liang X, Mu X, Tan L, Lu J, Hu K, Zhao S, Tian J. Ratiometric fluorescent 3D DNA walker and catalyzed hairpin assembly for determination of microRNA. Mikrochim Acta 2020; 187:365. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-020-04324-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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