A retrospective study of hydatid cysts in patients undergoing liver and lung surgery in Tehran, Iran

Management of Hydatid cysts of parotid glands

Hydatidosis (Echinococcosis) is a disease caused by infestation of hydatid cysts in any organ of body but mainly liver (70% of cases). Hydatidosis of salivary glands is rare and necessitate computerized tomography for diagnosis while fine needle aspiration remains controversial procedure.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

6 patients diagnosed with hydatid cysts of parotid glands. These cases were admitted and treated at the maxillofacial surgery Clinic of the "AL-Ramadi" Hospital in Iraq. 5 patients were female and 1 male with age group was between 30 -50 years. The patients complained of painless unilateral swelling in parotid region and who were diagnosed hydatid cysts using CT. All cases were treated by superficial parotidectomy with cystectomy and preservation of facial nerve.

RESULTS

All hydatid cysts are CE1- type with no recurrences were reported in any of these cases. The postoperative edema was the most common complication. Other complications were not seen.

CONCLUSION

parotid hydatid cyst should be included in differential diagnosis of persistent parotid swelling especially those with history of hepatic hydatid cysts. Computerized tomography is the gold imaging that aid in diagnosis and classification of hydatid cysts. Most cases are CE1 type and Eosinophilia is a sign of concern in some patients. Surgical treatment remains the "gold standard" in therapy.

Central nervous system hydatidosis around the world: a systematic review

INTRODUCTION

Echinococcosis is a chronic disease caused by Echinococcus species. The central nervous system (CNS) hydatidosis is still a major concern, especially in endemic countries, due to non-specific features and late diagnosis and treatment. This study aimed to provide a systematic review to elucidate the epidemiology and clinical characteristics of CNS hydatidosis worldwide over the past decades.

EVIDENCE ACQUISITION

PubMed, Scopus, EMBASE, Web of Science, Ovid, and Google Scholar were systematically searched. The gray literature and the references of included studies were searched as well.

EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS

Our results showed that the CNS hydatid cyst was more prevalent in the male gender, and it is known as a recurrent disease with a rate of 26.5%. CNS hydatidosis was more common in the supratentorial region and was also significantly common in developing countries, including Türkiye and Iran.

CONCLUSIONS

It was demonstrated that the disease would be more prevalent in developing countries. Also, there would be a trend toward a male predominance of CNS hydatid cyst, younger age involvement, and the recurrence rate of 25% in general. There is no consensus about chemotherapy unless in recurrent disease and the patients who experienced cyst rupture intraoperatively, recommended for a wide range of 3 to 12 months.

Evaluation of Echinococcosis Pre-Diagnosis Patients Admitted to the National Parasitology Reference Laboratory of Turkey from 2014-2019

BACKGROUND

Echinococcosis is a common parasite with zoonotic character created by a small cestode, Echinococcus spp., and is an important public health problem in Turkey as well as all over the world. We aimed to investigate antibodies in serum samples of suspected Echinococcosis patients sent to the National Parasitology Reference Laboratories of the General Directorate of Public Health.

METHODS

Serum samples of 2390 patients sent to our laboratory between January 1, 2014 and May 01, 2019, evaluated by ELISA, Indirect Hemagglutination Test (IHA) and Western Blot (WB) methods are presented. Our laboratory is the national reference laboratory. All kinds of tests requested from suspected patients can be performed.

RESULTS

Overall, 1199 (50.2%) of 2390 serum samples were female and 1191 (49.8%) were male. It was observed that 178 (14.9%) of men and 210 (17.5%) of women were seropositive. There was no statistical difference between the sexes in terms of seropositivity. Of all samples, 1941 (81.2%) were negative, 388 (16.2%) were positive, and 61 (2.6%) were borderline. Results determined as borderline are considered suspicious and a recommendation is made to repeat the test after 15 days. A statistical difference was found in the distribution of seropositivity by years. While seropositivity was lowest in 2014, it was found to be highest in 2018 and 2019.

CONCLUSION

Despite all the precautions taken, it is seen that echinococcosis still continues to exist in Turkey as a zoonotic disease. Hence, CE has been involved in Turkey Zoonotic Diseases Action Plan (2019-2023) and decided to carry out studies for the protection and prevention of the disease.

Hydatid Cysts of Parotid Glands- Diagnosis, Treatment and Recurrences

Hydatidosis (Echinococcosis) is a disease caused by infestation of hydatid cysts in any organ of body but mainly liver (70% of cases). Hydatidosis of salivary glands is rare and necessitate computerized tomography for diagnosis while fine needle aspiration remains controversial procedure.

Detection and genetic characterization of Echinococcus granulosus mitochondrial DNA in serum and formalin-fixed paraffin embedded cyst tissue samples of cystic echinococcosis patients

Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is a worldwide zoonotic disease caused by the larval stage of Echinococcus granulosus. We investigated the presence of E. granulosus-specific DNA in the serum of CE patients by detecting the cytochrome c oxidase I (cox1) and NADH dehydrogenase subunit I (nad1) mitochondrial genes. Serum and formalin-fixed paraffin embedded (FFPE) cyst tissue samples of 80 CE patients were analyzed. The extracted DNA of samples was submitted to PCR amplification of cox1 and nad1 genes, and products were sequenced and genotyped. Nineteen (23.8%; 95% CI 15.8-34.1) serum and 78 (97.5%; 95% CI 91.3-99.3) FFPE cyst tissue samples were successfully amplified with at least one gene. Echinococcus DNA was detected in the sera of 15.0% (95% CI: 8.8-24.4) and 10.0% (95% CI: 5.2-18.5) and in cyst tissue of 91.3% (95% CI: 83.0-95.7) and 83.8% (95% CI: 74.2-90.3) of 80 patients by cox1 and nad1 gene, respectively. Four genotypes of E. granulosus were distinguished in the CE patients, with predominance of genotype G1, followed by G3, G2, and G6. The finding of E. granulosus DNA in 23.8% of serum samples from CE patients confirmed that E. granulosus releases cell-free DNA into the circulatory system, but quantities may be inadequate for the diagnosis of CE. Genotype G1 predominance suggests the sheep-dog cycle as the primary route of human infection.