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Pitanupong J, Aunjitsakul W. Personal and perceived stigma in relation to diverse domains of quality of life among patients with major depressive disorder having residual symptoms: a hospital-based cross-sectional study in Thailand. Qual Life Res 2024; 33:399-409. [PMID: 37851323 DOI: 10.1007/s11136-023-03527-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Depression is a debilitating disease with residual symptoms that negatively impact patients' quality of life (QoL). Stigma is associated with poor QoL; however, knowledge regarding stigma subtypes and each QoL domain concerning residual depression is limited. We aimed to investigate the association of residual depression symptoms with QoL and stigma among patients with major depressive disorder (MDD). METHODS This cross-sectional study was conducted at an outpatient clinic among patients with MDD (March-July 2022). We administered the Thai version of the Patient Health Questionnaire-9, World Health Organization Quality of Life Brief, and Mental Health Consumers' Experience of Stigma to assess patients' levels of depression, QoL, and personal and perceived stigma, respectively. We performed correlational and logistic regression analyses to evaluate the association of demographics, QoL, stigma, and stress with residual depression. RESULTS Of 384 patients with MDD (median age = 39.5, females = 73.2%), 54.4% had residual depression. Among those with residual depression, depression was negatively correlated with QoL (ρ = - 0.58, p < 0.001) and positively correlated with stigma (ρ = 0.24, p < 0.001). The risk of residual depression decreased as the QoL score increased (adjusted OR per 1-point increase 0.93 [0.91, 0.96], p < 0.001); residual depression was significantly associated with personal stigma. CONCLUSION Stigma and QoL exhibit an inverse relationship. Physical-, psychological-, and environmental-health domains of QoL and personal stigma are key contributing factors to residual MDD symptoms. Improvement of QoL and stigma requires further theoretical research and should be of concern in clinical practice. Longitudinal studies on relatively diverse populations and subsyndromal symptoms are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jarurin Pitanupong
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, 90110, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Warut Aunjitsakul
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, 90110, Songkhla, Thailand.
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Singkhorn O, Hamtanon P, Moonpanane K, Pitchalard K, Sunsern R, Leaungsomnapa Y, Phokhwang C. Developing a Depression Care Model for the Hill Tribes: A Family- and Community-Based Participatory Research. DEPRESSION RESEARCH AND TREATMENT 2023; 2023:3191915. [PMID: 37867731 PMCID: PMC10586898 DOI: 10.1155/2023/3191915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
A high prevalence of depression has been detected among individuals from the hill tribes in Thailand. However, there are no proper interventions to address this problem. Using a community-based participatory research (CBPR) design, the study team developed a model of depression care for this population. The study involved 45 people in the model development and 65 people in the model testing, who were patients, family members, village health volunteers (VHVs), community and religious leaders, healthcare personnel, NGOs, and local administrative staff. The model development was divided into three phases: understanding the current situation of depression and care, model development, and evaluation of its effectiveness using psychological and relevant outcomes. Questionnaires, observations, focus groups, and in-depth interviews were used for data collection, and content analysis was employed for qualitative data. The Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used to analyze changes in VHVs' knowledge and skills before and after training. The resulting model, "SMILE," consists of stakeholders' readiness (S), external and internal motivations (M), interpersonal relationship (I), life and community assets (L), and empowerment (E). VHVs underwent training on the model, and after training, their knowledge increased significantly from 3.50 ± 1.14 to 8.28 ± 0.81 (p < 0.001). Moreover, their basic counselling and depression screening skills showed improvement from 3.39 ± 1.23 to 7.64 ± 3.76 (p < 0.001). The developed model can be applied to other hill tribe communities in Northern Thailand to improve depression care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Onnalin Singkhorn
- School of Nursing, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai Province, Thailand
- Center of Excellence for the Hill Tribe Health Research and Training, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, Thailand
| | | | | | | | | | - Yosapon Leaungsomnapa
- Phrapokklao Nursing College, Chanthaburi, Faculty of Nursing, Praboromarajchanok Institute, Ministry of Public Health, Thailand
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Sumala S, Ekalaksananan T, Pientong C, Buddhisa S, Passorn S, Duangjit S, Janyakhantikul S, Suktus A, Bumrungthai S. The Association of HHV-6 and the TNF-α (-308G/A) Promotor with Major Depressive Disorder Patients and Healthy Controls in Thailand. Viruses 2023; 15:1898. [PMID: 37766304 PMCID: PMC10535374 DOI: 10.3390/v15091898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a silent global health problem that can lead to suicide. MDD development is suggested to result from numerous risk factors, including genetic factors. A precise tool for MDD diagnosis is currently not available. Recently, inflammatory processes have been identified as being strongly involved in MDD development and the reactivation of human herpesvirus type 6 (HHV-6), upregulating cytokines such as TNF-α, which are associated with MDD. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the association of HHV-6 with genetic factors, especially TNF-α mutation, in MDD patients and their relatives compared to healthy controls. The Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) was used to evaluate MDD status, and 471 oral buccal samples were investigated for HHV-6 infection and viral copy number by qPCR. TNF-α (-308G/A) gene mutation and the cytokines TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-10 were analyzed by high-resolution melting (HRM) analysis and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Whole-exome sequencing of buccal samples was performed to analyze for genetic factors. The results showed significantly higher HHV-6 positivities and viral loads in MDD patients (15/59 (25.67%) and 14,473 ± 16,948 copies/µL DNA) and their relatives (blood relatives 17/36 (47.22%) and 8146 ± 5656 copies/µL DNA); non-blood relatives 7/16 (43.75%) and 20,721 ± 12,458 copies/µL DNA) compared to the healthy population (51/360 (14.17%) and 6303 ± 5791 copies/µL DNA). The TNF-α (-308G/A) mutation showed no significant difference. Surprisingly, 12/26 (46.15%) participants with the TNF-α (-308G/A) mutation showed HHV-6 positivities at higher rates than those with wild-type TNF-α (-308G) (70/267 (26.22%)). HHV-6-positive participants with TNF-α (-308G/A) showed higher levels of TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-10 than those of negative control. Exome analysis revealed that common mutations in immune genes were associated with depression. Therefore, this study unveiled the novel association of inflammatory gene TNF-α (-308G/A) mutations with HHV-6 reactivation, which could represent a combined risk factor for MDD. This result could induce further research on MDD development and clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sasiwimon Sumala
- Division of Biotechnology, School of Agriculture and Natural resources, University of Phayao, Phayao 56000, Thailand
| | - Tipaya Ekalaksananan
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
- HPV & EBV and Carcinogenesis Research Group, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Chamsai Pientong
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
- HPV & EBV and Carcinogenesis Research Group, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Surachat Buddhisa
- Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Burapha University, Chonburi 20131, Thailand
| | - Supaporn Passorn
- Division of Biotechnology, School of Agriculture and Natural resources, University of Phayao, Phayao 56000, Thailand
| | - Sureewan Duangjit
- Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ubon Ratchathani University, Ubon Ratchathani 34190, Thailand
| | - Somwang Janyakhantikul
- Division of Biopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ubon Ratchathani University, Ubon Ratchathani 34190, Thailand
| | - Areeya Suktus
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
- HPV & EBV and Carcinogenesis Research Group, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Sureewan Bumrungthai
- HPV & EBV and Carcinogenesis Research Group, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
- Division of Biopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ubon Ratchathani University, Ubon Ratchathani 34190, Thailand
- Division of Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Phayao, Phayao 56000, Thailand
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Singkhorn O, Hamtanon P, Moonpanane K, Pitchalard K, Sunsern R, Leaungsomnapa Y, Phokhwang C. Evaluation of a depression care model for the hill tribes: a family and community-based participatory research. BMC Psychiatry 2023; 23:563. [PMID: 37542256 PMCID: PMC10403897 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-023-05058-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Even though, there is a particularly high prevalence of depression among individuals from the hill tribes in northern Thailand, they are unable to receive appropriate intervention due to cultural, transportation, communication, and legal barriers. Using community-based participatory research (CBPR), a depression care model was developed for the hill tribe population. The effectiveness of this model was examined using questionnaires, observations, focus groups, and in-depth interviews. METHODS Participants include people with depression (n = 17) who were chosen based on their mild to moderately severe depression scores on the Patient Health Questionnaire 9-item (PHQ-9 scores of 5-19) and their caregivers (n = 5). The in-depth interview was conducted to distinguish the selected participants into two groups. The first group, the self-help group program, consisted of 12 participants endorsing negative thoughts about themselves and inappropriate problems solving. The second group, the family camp program, had ten participants, including five patients with family-related issues and their family members. Subjects separately participated in either the self-help or the family groups over three weeks. They completed the PHQ-9 at the beginning and end of the intervention. Questionnaires, observations, focus groups, and in-depth interviews were used to evaluate the effectiveness of the model. Content analysis was used to examine the qualitative data. Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used to analyze the changes in the severity of depression before and after participation in the intervention. RESULTS The depression scores on the PHQ-9 of 12 participants improved significantly (11.92 ± 1.08 vs. 3.08 ± 0.51; p = 0.002) following participation in the self-help group. Increased self-esteem and improved interpersonal relationships were reported by participants in the self-help group program during interviews. There was no significant difference in the depression scores of 10 participating in the family camp program (6.00 ± 3.83 to 5.30 ± 3.56; p = 0.161). CONCLUSION A model for depression care was tested in a hill tribe community, and its effectiveness was clearly observed. The developed model can be applied to other hill tribe communities in northern Thailand to improve depression care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Onnalin Singkhorn
- School of Nursing, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai Province, Mueang Chiang Rai, Thailand.
- Center of Excellence for the Hill Tribe Health Research and Training, Mae Fah Luang University, Mueang Chiang Rai, Thailand.
| | | | - Katemanee Moonpanane
- School of Nursing, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai Province, Mueang Chiang Rai, Thailand
| | - Khanittha Pitchalard
- School of Nursing, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai Province, Mueang Chiang Rai, Thailand
| | - Rachanee Sunsern
- School of Health Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Mueang Chiang Rai, Thailand
| | - Yosapon Leaungsomnapa
- Ministry of Public Health, Phrapokklao Nursing College, Faculty of Nursing, Praboromarajchanok Institute, Mueang Chanthaburi, Thailand
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“Life is Bitter and Sweet”: The Lived Experience of Ethnic Minority Elders with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in rural, Thailand. Asian Nurs Res (Korean Soc Nurs Sci) 2022; 16:155-161. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anr.2022.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Udplong A, Apidechkul T, Srichan P, Mulikaburt T, Wongnuch P, Kitchanapaibul S, Upala P, Chomchoei C, Yeemard F, Tamornpark R, Singkhorn O. Drivers, facilitators, and sources of stigma among Akha and Lahu hill tribe people who used methamphetamine in Thailand: a qualitative approach. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:642. [PMID: 35366833 PMCID: PMC8976508 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-13094-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The stigma related to drug use has several impacts, including effects on users’ physical and mental health. Methamphetamine is a major drug that is used among hill tribes living in the border areas of Thailand and Myanmar. This study aimed to understand the drivers, facilitators, sources and outcomes of the stigma surrounding drug use, including the expectations among Akha and Lau hill tribe people who use methamphetamine in Thailand. Methods Qualitative data were used to elicit information from key informants and members of the hill tribes who used methamphetamine. The questionnaire was developed from a literature review and tested for validity before use. In-depth interviews were used to confidentially gather information from the participants in private rooms in villages. Each interview lasted 45 min, and a thematic analysis was conducted to examine the findings. Results A total of 46 participants were recruited to provide information; 95.7% were male, and 50.0% were aged 15–34 years. The majority were married (47.8%), 76.1% were Christian, and 45.7% graduated high school. Six drivers of stigma were detected: being poor, illiterate, unemployed, working aged, female, and married. Culture and tribe acted as facilitators of the stigma attached to methamphetamine use. Four sources of stigma were found: self, family members, peers, and community members. Three outcomes of stigma were determined: poor physical health, mental health, and relationships with others. There were four levels of expectations: no expectations, expectations for themselves, expectations for their family members, and expectations for their community members. Conclusions Many personal traits, people living nearby, and socioeconomic factors, including culture and tribes, act as drivers, facilitators, and sources of stigma among hill tribe people who use methamphetamine. A program to reduce methamphetamine use among hill tribes should be implemented, which could eventually minimize stigma. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12889-022-13094-z.
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Vaccine serocoverage under the expanded program on immunization among hill tribe children in Thailand: A cross-sectional study. Vaccine 2021; 39:6477-6484. [PMID: 34607747 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2021.09.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Expanded programs on immunization (EPIs) are country-specific vaccine programs designed and implemented to prevent childhood diseases globally, including in Thailand. Hill tribe children in Thailand live in remote areas with underdeveloped education systems and low economic status. This study aimed to assess serocoverage under the EPI and access to vaccination clinics. METHODS A cross-sectional study was performed to assess serocoverage after childhood vaccination among hill tribe children who lived in 34 selected villages in Chiang Rai Province, Thailand. A validated questionnaire was administered, and 3-mL blood specimens were collected. Antibodies against hepatitis B surface antigen (anti-HBs), hepatitis B core antigen (anti-HBc), measles, Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), and tetanus were detected. Chi-square tests were performed to detect the different proportion of patients with antibodies with different characteristics. RESULTS Half of the hill tribe children aged 1-18 years did not have medical evidence (logbook) of immunization. More than 98.0% of the children who had medical evidence received the recommended immunizations. Only half of the children had anti-HBs (51.1%), and 22.3% had antibodies against JEV. The majority were found to be positive for antibodies against measles (83.3%) and tetanus (91.4%). Sex (p-value = 0.028), tribe (p-value < 0.001), age (p-value < 0.001), and parents' monthly income (p-value = 0.008) were associated with a lack of medical evidence. CONCLUSIONS Existing immunization programs for hill tribe children in Thailand should be urgently evaluated and monitored for effectiveness.
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Bunchuailua W, Samprasit N, Kotirum S, Kapol N. Impact of Pharmacist Activities in Patients With Depression: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Ann Pharmacother 2021; 56:556-564. [PMID: 34459265 DOI: 10.1177/10600280211041274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depression is a substantial health burden. Pharmacist activities may help improve health outcomes of patients with depression when comparing to current practice with no pharmacist-involved intervention. OBJECTIVE To systematically review and analyze randomized controlled trials assessing the impact of pharmacist services on patients with depression compared to usual care using a meta-analysis approach. METHODS Four international and 3 domestic electronic databases were systematically searched. Data from database inception to December 2019 were included. Studies were selected using predefined inclusion criteria, and quality was assessed using the risk-of-bias criteria. Pooled estimation was analyzed to report the relative risk (RR) and standard mean difference (SMD). The meta-analysis used the random-effect model when heterogeneity was observed between studies. RESULTS A total of 12 eligible studies with 2133 patients with depression were included in the analysis. The relevant pharmacist interventions included medication therapy management, adherence counseling, and educational advice about depression and antidepressants. Pooled data in the meta-analysis showed a significantly increased number of patients with good adherence (RR = 1.39; 95% CI = 1.11 to 1.75) and improved medication adherence score (SMD = 0.32; 95% CI = 0.07 to 0.56) associated with pharmacist activities compared to usual care. No significant differences were detected in clinical rating scales (SMD = -0.03; 95% CI = -0.16 to 0.10) and quality of life (SMD = 0.10; 95% CI = -0.04 to 0.25). CONCLUSION AND RELEVANCE This review suggests that the role of pharmacists in patients with depression has a positive impact on medication adherence.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Surachai Kotirum
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand.,College of Pharmacy, Rangsit University, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Nattiya Kapol
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
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Experiences and expectations regarding COVID-19 prevention and control measures among the hill tribe population of northern Thailand: a qualitative study. BMC Public Health 2021; 21:1060. [PMID: 34088306 PMCID: PMC8176874 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-11145-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background COVID-19 has been a major human threat for a year. A large number of people have been infected and killed globally, including hill tribe people living in remote and border areas between Thailand and Myanmar. Different expectations of and experiences with the implemented disease prevention and control measures by local, national and international organizations have been widely reported. This study aimed to understand the experiences and expectations regarding the disease prevention and control measures that were implemented among hill tribe people in Thailand. Methods Qualitative data were collected from participants aged 20 and older who belonged to the hill tribes living on the border of northern Thailand and Myanmar. A semistructured questionnaire was used to guide interviews. Information was extracted for thematic analysis by the NVivo program. Results Fifty-seven participants (36 female, 21 male) were interviewed; 27 participants were Thai Yai, 14 participants were Yunnan Chinese, 8 participants were Akha, and 8 participants were from other tribes. The average age was 45.8 years (min = 20 years, max = 90 years). Thirty participants had never attended school, and the other 27 participants had received education at different levels, from primary school to higher education. Forty participants were unemployed, 13 worked as agriculturists, and the other 4 were attending school. Both positive experiences, such as improving personal hygiene practices, maintaining close contact and increasing relationships among family members and demonstrating the leadership of the villager leaders, and negative experiences, including interruption of social interactions, family financial problems, poor access to medical care services, and invisible people to the government, were found. Different expectations were observed regarding organizations at the local, national, and international levels. Expectations at the local level included villagers and community leaders taking action to strongly contribute to prevention and control measures and to prevent unscreened people from entering the village. Obtaining accurate information about the disease and being financially supported were expectations at the national level, while closing borders to protect cases from overflowing into their villages was an international-level expectation. Conclusion Although hill tribes reside in very remote rural areas, they experience both positive and negative effects of the disease prevention and control measures implemented by organizations. Their expectations are formally and informally voiced to policy makers at the local, national and international levels. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12889-021-11145-5.
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