Current and emerging methods for treatment of hemoglobin related cutaneous discoloration: A literature review

Thermal imaging of local skin temperature as part of quality and safety assessment of injectable drugs

Injection of high-quality drugs can occasionally cause unexpected and unexplained local complications. As the current standard for drug quality control does not include an assessment of the local irritation effects of drugs, this effect may cause postinjection complications. Simultaneously, local irritation effects of the drugs can be assessed based on local tissue inflammation. The dynamics of local temperature can assess inflammation. Infrared monitoring of local skin temperature dynamics at subcutaneous, intramuscular, and intravenous injection sites of drugs under experimental and clinical conditions can improve their quality and safety. Therefore, there is a need to include dynamic thermography in the standard of biological evaluation of the quality and safety of drugs in the dosage form "solution for injections." This eliminates the local irritation and necrotizing activity of drugs and minimizes the development of local pain syndrome, aseptic inflammation, necrosis, and abscess.