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Kaur D, Kaur P, Singh A, Mor N, Dalal S, Sharma J. Two stage enzymatic pretreatment of rice straw for its valorisation using Silicase and Laccase. 3 Biotech 2025; 15:114. [PMID: 40191449 PMCID: PMC11971084 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-025-04281-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2025] [Indexed: 04/09/2025] Open
Abstract
The present study investigated the cumulative effect of pretreatment of rice straw with two enzymes-Silicase (first report) and Laccase as initial stages. The optimal conditions for silicase pretreatment were determined to be a dosage of 100 U/10 g of rice straw, pH 7.0, temperature 40 ºC, and a treatment duration of 30 h. For laccase pretreatment, the ideal parameters were enzyme dose of 40 U/10 g of rice straw, pH 5.0, temperature 50 ºC, and a treatment time of 30 h. At optimized conditions, the silica reduction of ~ 20% was achieved by Silicase pretreatment, whereas the reduction in lignin was upgraded by ~ 29.8% after two stage pretreatment. A reduction of 28.6% in ash content of rice straw and 29.4% in silica was obtained during two stage enzymatic pretreatment. The FTIR studies of the pretreated and untreated straw also depicted the delignification, ash and silica removal of agro-waste. A peak observed at 1542 cm-1 and 1643 cm-1 suggests cyclic stretching in phenolic lignin, while the absorption band at 1419 cm-1 corresponds to the bending (scissoring) of - OCH3 in the syringyl and guaiacyl units of the phenolic composition. A notable decrease in these vibrations was observed in the silicase + laccase-treated sample, likely resulting from the removal of syringols and guaiacols during the enzymatic pretreatment. Using present outcomes, the study presented that the cumulative impact of Silicase and Laccase was proficient in preparing rice straw for industrial applications and reducing environmental barriers during its conversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daljeet Kaur
- Department of Biotechnology, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, Haryana 136119 India
| | - Prabhjot Kaur
- Department of Biotechnology, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, Haryana 136119 India
| | - Amarjit Singh
- Department of Botany, Guru Nanak Khalsa College, Yamuna Nagar, Haryana 135001 India
| | - Nitu Mor
- Department of Biotechnology, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, Haryana 136119 India
| | - Sunita Dalal
- Department of Biotechnology, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, Haryana 136119 India
| | - Jitender Sharma
- Department of Biotechnology, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, Haryana 136119 India
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Jeyabalan J, Veluchamy A, Narayanasamy S. Production optimization, characterization, and application of a novel thermo- and pH-stable laccase from Bacillus drentensis 2E for bioremediation of industrial dyes. Int J Biol Macromol 2025; 308:142557. [PMID: 40158574 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2025.142557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2024] [Revised: 03/20/2025] [Accepted: 03/25/2025] [Indexed: 04/02/2025]
Abstract
Environmental pollution driven by rapid industrialization and urbanization, has become serious concern due to adverse health effects. Among various bioremediation strategies, laccase, an oxidoreductase enzyme with wide substrate range and high redox-potential (0.4-0.8 V) has garnered significant attention due to its ability to oxidize various organic pollutants into non-toxic products. However, its practical application is often limited due to susceptibility to extreme pH and inhibitory compounds present in wastewater. To overcome this challenge, bacterial laccase, also known as versatile laccases, offer superior stability under harsh environmental conditions making them ideal for bioremediation. Furthermore, isolating native bacterium from contaminated sites enhances their potential, as these organisms are naturally adapted to pollutant-rich environments with intrinsic degradation ability. In this study, Bacillus drentensis 2E was isolated from dye-effluent release site. Laccase production was systematically optimized by One-Factor-at-a-Time, Plackett-Burman Design, and Central Composite Design, yielding a 2.45-fold increase in activity compared to unoptimized condition. Optimized media composition is as follows (g/L): KNO3-5.034,Glucose-3, KH2PO4-0.3,MgSO4-0.3, NaCl-0.55, CaCl2-0.55, CuSO4-0.178 mM, inoculum volume-3.54 %. The enzyme was further characterized for kinetic properties against ABTS, guaiacol and syringaldazine. It demonstrated exceptional stability across a wide temperature (20 ± 1 °C-70 ± 1 °C) and pH range (3.0 ± 0.01-8.0 ± 0.01) with heavy metal tolerance to Ca2+, Mn2+, Mg2+,Zn2+,Cu2+,Co2+,Ni2+. Also, BDLaccase effectively degraded Acid Red-27 (99.76 ± 2.27 %) and Direct Blue-6 (67.43 ± 2.31 %) within 5 h, as confirmed using UV-Vis spectroscopy, FT-IR, and LC-MS. These findings suggests that, BDLaccase is a robust biocatalyst for bioremediation especially in treatment of dyes due to its broad stability and efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jothika Jeyabalan
- Biochemical and Environmental Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
| | - Ajithkumar Veluchamy
- Biochemical and Environmental Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
| | - Selvaraju Narayanasamy
- Biochemical and Environmental Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam 781039, India.
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Alshammary M, Kotb E, Ababutain IM, Alabdalall AH, Aldakeel SA, Alsanie SI, Alhamad S, Alshwyeh H, Albarrag AM. Production, Biochemical Characterization, and Application of Laccase from Halophilic Curvularia lunata MLK46 Recovered from Mangrove Rhizosphere. BIOLOGY 2025; 14:402. [PMID: 40282267 PMCID: PMC12024561 DOI: 10.3390/biology14040402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2025] [Revised: 04/03/2025] [Accepted: 04/09/2025] [Indexed: 04/29/2025]
Abstract
Laccase production was evaluated in 108 fungal isolates recovered from the eastern coast of Saudi Arabia, a critical element in environmental biodegradation and biotransformation. The most active isolate was identified as Curvularia lunata MLK46 (GenBank accession no. PQ100161). It exhibited maximal productivity at pH 6.5, 30 °C, and incubation for 5 d, with 1% sodium nitrate and 1% galactose as the preferred nitrogen and carbon sources, respectively. Productivity was enhanced by NaCl, CuSO4, and FeCl3 supplementation, with a maximum at 0.3 mM, 0.2 mM, and 61.7 mM concentrations, respectively. Sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) for the purified enzyme through diethylaminoethyl (DEAE)-Sepharose chromatography revealed a prominent band at 71.1 kDa with maximum activity at pH 6 and stability at pH 6-9. Furthermore, it was optimally active at 50 °C and thermally stable at 50-80 °C with a half-life time (T1/2) of 333.7 min to 80.6 min, respectively. Its activity was also enhanced by many metallic ions, especially Fe3+ ions; however, it was inhibited by Hg2+ and Ag+ ions. The enzyme demonstrated significant degradation of specific substrates such as 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS), guaiacol, o-dianisidine, and 2,6-dichlorophenol, with a kinetic efficiency constant which ranged from 40.95 mM-1 s-1 to 238.20 mM-1 s-1. UV spectrophotometry confirmed efficient oxidation peaks by electron transition against guaiacol (at 300 nm), o-dianisidine (at 480 nm), ABTS (at 420 nm), and 2,6-dichlorophenol (at 600 nm). The results collectively demonstrate the potential of laccase from C. lunata MLK46 as a promising agent for the effective biodegradation of several industrial pollutants under extreme conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malak Alshammary
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University (IAU), P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia; (M.A.); (I.M.A.); (A.H.A.); (S.I.A.); (S.A.); (H.A.)
| | - Essam Kotb
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University (IAU), P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia; (M.A.); (I.M.A.); (A.H.A.); (S.I.A.); (S.A.); (H.A.)
- Basic and Applied Scientific Research Center (BASRC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University (IAU), P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ibtisam M. Ababutain
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University (IAU), P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia; (M.A.); (I.M.A.); (A.H.A.); (S.I.A.); (S.A.); (H.A.)
- Basic and Applied Scientific Research Center (BASRC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University (IAU), P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amira H. Alabdalall
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University (IAU), P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia; (M.A.); (I.M.A.); (A.H.A.); (S.I.A.); (S.A.); (H.A.)
- Basic and Applied Scientific Research Center (BASRC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University (IAU), P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sumayh A. Aldakeel
- The National Center for Genomic Technology (NCGT), Life Science and Environment Research Institute, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), Riyadh 12354, Saudi Arabia;
- Genomic of Infectious Diseases Laboratory, Public Health Laboratory, Public Health Authority, Riyadh 13352, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sumayah I. Alsanie
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University (IAU), P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia; (M.A.); (I.M.A.); (A.H.A.); (S.I.A.); (S.A.); (H.A.)
- Basic and Applied Scientific Research Center (BASRC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University (IAU), P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Salwa Alhamad
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University (IAU), P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia; (M.A.); (I.M.A.); (A.H.A.); (S.I.A.); (S.A.); (H.A.)
- Basic and Applied Scientific Research Center (BASRC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University (IAU), P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hussah Alshwyeh
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University (IAU), P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia; (M.A.); (I.M.A.); (A.H.A.); (S.I.A.); (S.A.); (H.A.)
- Basic and Applied Scientific Research Center (BASRC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University (IAU), P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed M. Albarrag
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 12354, Saudi Arabia;
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Bhatt JK, Pandya MD, Baraiya MG. In vitro chrysene degradation by purified cell free laccase (P-CFL) from Cochliobolus lunatus strain CHR4D in the presence of various redox mediator systems (RMSs) and computational evaluation of their laccase-ligand interactions. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2025; 32:9735-9746. [PMID: 40146350 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-025-36327-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2025] [Accepted: 03/21/2025] [Indexed: 03/28/2025]
Abstract
An immense progression in global industrialization in recent years has astonishingly elevated the contamination of marine, coastal, aquatic and terrestrial habitats with pervasive pollutants such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Despite being discovered early and exploited for the years, laccases - a copper oxidase has a wide spectrum of applications in the fields of toxicological studies, bioremediation and restoration of impacted ecological matrices. The present study focuses on purification of mid-redox potential laccase from marine-derived fungus C. lunatus strain CHR4D, which has very high capacity to degrade chrysene - a four ringed hydrocarbon. The purified laccase (66 kDa) was further used for the in vitro chrysene degradation in non-growth conditions, in the presence of various redox mediator systems (RMSs) containing ABTS, HBT and VA. RMS including ABTS was found the most effective, resulting in 53.30% chrysene degradation in 24 h, followed by HBT (30.99%) and VA (28.98%), when compared to control conditions (27.78%). Laccase-ligand interactions were further explained by computational simulations and docking protocols. It revealed that laccase exhibited the highest binding energy towards chrysene. It also showed hydrophobic interactions with HBT and VA. The study would be helpful to further establish role of laccase in in vitro degradation of HMW PAHs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jwalant K Bhatt
- Department of Life Sciences, Maharaja Krishnakumarsinhji Bhavnagar University, Bhavnagar, 364001, Gujarat, India.
| | - Medha D Pandya
- Department of Life Sciences, Maharaja Krishnakumarsinhji Bhavnagar University, Bhavnagar, 364001, Gujarat, India
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Egbewale SO, Kumar A, Olasehinde TA, Mokoena MP, Olaniran AO. Anthracene detoxification by Laccases from indigenous fungal strains Trichoderma lixii FLU1 and Talaromyces pinophilus FLU12. Biodegradation 2024; 35:769-787. [PMID: 38822999 PMCID: PMC11246312 DOI: 10.1007/s10532-024-10084-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
The persistence and ubiquity of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the environment necessitate effective remediation strategies. Hence, this study investigated the potential of purified Laccases, TlFLU1L and TpFLU12L, from two indigenous fungi Trichoderma lixii FLU1 (TlFLU1) and Talaromyces pinophilus FLU12 (TpFLU12), respectively for the oxidation and detoxification of anthracene. Anthracene was degraded with vmax values of 3.51 ± 0.06 mg/L/h and 3.44 ± 0.06 mg/L/h, and Km values of 173.2 ± 0.06 mg/L and 73.3 ± 0.07 mg/L by TlFLU1L and TpFLU12L, respectively. The addition of a mediator compound 2,2-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) to the reaction system significantly increased the degradation of anthracene, with up to a 2.9-fold increase in vmax value and up to threefold decrease in Km values of TlFLU1L and TpFLU12L. The GC-MS analysis of the metabolites suggests that anthracene degradation follows one new pathway unique to the ABTS system-hydroxylation and carboxylation of C-1 and C-2 position of anthracene to form 3-hydroxy-2-naphthoic acid, before undergoing dioxygenation and side chain removal to form chromone which was later converted into benzoic acid and CO2. This pathway contrasts with the common dioxygenation route observed in the free Laccase system, which is observed in the second degradation pathways. Furthermore, toxicity tests using V. parahaemolyticus and HT-22 cells, respectively, demonstrated the non-toxic nature of Laccase-ABTS-mediated metabolites. Intriguingly, analysis of the expression level of Alzheimer's related genes in HT-22 cells exposed to degradation products revealed no induction of neurotoxicity unlike untreated cells. These findings propose a paradigm shift for bioremediation by highlighting the Laccase-ABTS system as a promising green technology due to its efficiency with the discovery of a potentially less harmful degradation pathway, and the production of non-toxic metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samson O Egbewale
- Discipline of Microbiology, University of KwaZulu-Natal (Westville Campus), Durban, 4000, South Africa
| | - Ajit Kumar
- Discipline of Microbiology, University of KwaZulu-Natal (Westville Campus), Durban, 4000, South Africa
| | - Tosin A Olasehinde
- Discipline of Microbiology, University of KwaZulu-Natal (Westville Campus), Durban, 4000, South Africa
| | - Mduduzi P Mokoena
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Limpopo, Private Bag X1106, Sovenga, 0727, South Africa
| | - Ademola O Olaniran
- Discipline of Microbiology, University of KwaZulu-Natal (Westville Campus), Durban, 4000, South Africa.
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Serbent MP, Magario I, Saux C. Immobilizing white-rot fungi laccase: Toward bio-derived supports as a circular economy approach in organochlorine removal. Biotechnol Bioeng 2024; 121:434-455. [PMID: 37990982 DOI: 10.1002/bit.28591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
Despite their high persistence in the environment, organochlorines (OC) are widely used in the pharmaceutical industry, in plastics, and in the manufacture of pesticides, among other applications. These compounds and the byproducts of their decomposition deserve attention and efficient proposals for their treatment. Among sustainable alternatives, the use of ligninolytic enzymes (LEs) from fungi stands out, as these molecules can catalyze the transformation of a wide range of pollutants. Among LEs, laccases (Lac) are known for their efficiency as biocatalysts in the conversion of organic pollutants. Their application in biotechnological processes is possible, but the enzymes are often unstable and difficult to recover after use, driving up costs. Immobilization of enzymes on a matrix (support or solid carrier) allows recovery and stabilization of this catalytic capacity. Agricultural residual biomass is a passive environmental asset. Although underestimated and still treated as an undesirable component, residual biomass can be used as a low-cost adsorbent and as a support for the immobilization of enzymes. In this review, the adsorption capacity and immobilization of fungal Lac on supports made from residual biomass, including compounds such as biochar, for the removal of OC compounds are analyzed and compared with the use of synthetic supports. A qualitative and quantitative comparison of the reported results was made. In this context, the use of peanut shells is highlighted in view of the increasing peanut production worldwide. The linkage of methods with circular economy approaches that can be applied in practice is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Pilar Serbent
- Centro de Investigación y Tecnología Química (CITeQ), Facultad Regional Córdoba, Universidad Tecnológica Nacional (CONICET), Córdoba, Argentina
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Ambientais (PPGCAMB), Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, Lages, Santa Catarina, Brasil
| | - Ivana Magario
- Instituto de Investigación y Desarrollo en Ingeniería de Procesos y Química Aplicada (IPQA), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba (CONICET), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Clara Saux
- Centro de Investigación y Tecnología Química (CITeQ), Facultad Regional Córdoba, Universidad Tecnológica Nacional (CONICET), Córdoba, Argentina
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Sami N, Afzal B, Yasin D, Fatma T. Biochemical Characterization of Laccase from Spirulina CPCC-695 and Their Role in Estrone Degradation. Protein J 2024; 43:115-128. [PMID: 38127183 DOI: 10.1007/s10930-023-10169-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
The addition of exogenous endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs) like estrone, in the food chain through the aquatic system, disrupts steroid biosynthesis and metabolism by altering either the genomic or non-genomic pathway that eventually results in various diseases. Thus, bioremediation of these compounds is urgently required to prevent their addition and persistence in the environment. Enzymatic degradation has proven to be a knight in shining armour as it is safe and generates no toxic products. The multicopper oxidases (E.C. 1.10.3.2 benzenediol: oxygen oxidoreductase), laccase with the potential to degrade both phenolic and non-phenolic substrates has recently gained attention. In this study, the laccase was purified, characterized, and used to study estrone degradation. The culture filtrate (crude laccase) was concentrated and precipitated using cold-acetone and dialyzed against tris buffer (50 mM) giving a four-fold partially purified form, with 45.56% yield and 204.14 U/mg as specific activity and a single peak at 250-300 nm. The partially purified laccase was approximately 80 kDa as estimated by SDS-PAGE preferred ABTS as substrate. Both crude and partially purified laccase showed maximum activity at pH 3.0, 40 °C, and 4 mM ABTS. Kinetic constants (Km, Vmax) of crude and partially purified laccase were found to be 0.83 mM; 494.31 mM/min, and 0.58 mM; 480.54 mM/min respectively. Iron sulphate and sodium azide inhibited laccase maximally. Crude and partially purified laccase degradation efficiency was 87.55 and 91.35% respectively. Spirulina CPCC-695 laccase with efficient estrone degradation ability renders them promising candidates for EDCs bioremediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Sami
- Cyanobacterial Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Bushra Afzal
- Cyanobacterial Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Durdana Yasin
- Cyanobacterial Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Tasneem Fatma
- Cyanobacterial Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India.
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Bai BMY, Wang TT, Chen XA, Wu CC. Pathogen inhibition and indication by gelatin nonwoven mats with incorporation of polyphenol derivatives. RSC Adv 2023; 13:31602-31615. [PMID: 37908665 PMCID: PMC10613854 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra05905g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
There is a need for non-pharmaceutical intervention methods that can prevent and indicate the risk of airborne disease spread. In this study, we developed a nonwoven mat based on the polyphenol gallic acid, which can inhibit pathogens growth and also indicate pathogen levels in the surrounding environment. Using nuclear magnetic resonance, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, and high-performance liquid chromatography, we characterized this novel gelatin-based nonwoven mat and investigated the mechanism governing its ability to indicate pathogen levels. We demonstrated that the incorporation of gallic acid serves a vital role in indicating the presence of bacteria, causing the nonwoven mat to change in color from white to brown. We have proposed a plausible mechanism for this color change behavior based on a reaction of gallic acid with components excreted by bacteria, including glutamate, valine, and leucine. The concentrations of these components reflect the bacterial counts, enabling a real-time indication of pathogen levels in the surrounding air. In summary, the nonwoven mat presented herein can serve as an excellent antibacterial agent and as an indicator of nearby bacteria for fabricating personal protection equipment like filtration mask.
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Affiliation(s)
- By Meng-Yi Bai
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Biomedical Engineering Program, Graduate Institute of Applied Science and Technology, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology TR-917, AAEON Building, No. 43, Keelung Rd., Sec. 4, Da'an Dist. Taipei City 10607 Taiwan Republic of China
- Adjunct Appointment to the National Defense Medical Center Taipei 11490 Taiwan Republic of China
| | - Ting-Teng Wang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Biomedical Engineering Program, Graduate Institute of Applied Science and Technology, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology TR-917, AAEON Building, No. 43, Keelung Rd., Sec. 4, Da'an Dist. Taipei City 10607 Taiwan Republic of China
| | - Xin-An Chen
- Institute of Prevention Medicine, National Defense Medical Center Taipei 11490 Taiwan Republic of China
| | - Chia-Chun Wu
- Institute of Prevention Medicine, National Defense Medical Center Taipei 11490 Taiwan Republic of China
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Mora-Gamboa MPC, Ferrucho-Calle MC, Ardila-Leal LD, Rojas-Ojeda LM, Galindo JF, Poutou-Piñales RA, Pedroza-Rodríguez AM, Quevedo-Hidalgo BE. Statistical Improvement of rGILCC 1 and rPOXA 1B Laccases Activity Assay Conditions Supported by Molecular Dynamics. Molecules 2023; 28:7263. [PMID: 37959683 PMCID: PMC10648076 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28217263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Laccases (E.C. 1.10.3.2) are glycoproteins widely distributed in nature. Their structural conformation includes three copper sites in their catalytic center, which are responsible for facilitating substrate oxidation, leading to the generation of H2O instead of H2O2. The measurement of laccase activity (UL-1) results may vary depending on the type of laccase, buffer, redox mediators, and substrates employed. The aim was to select the best conditions for rGILCC 1 and rPOXA 1B laccases activity assay. After sequential statistical assays, the molecular dynamics proved to support this process, and we aimed to accumulate valuable insights into the potential application of these enzymes for the degradation of novel substrates with negative environmental implications. Citrate buffer treatment T2 (CB T2) (pH 3.0 ± 0.2; λ420nm, 2 mM ABTS) had the most favorable results, with 7.315 ± 0.131 UL-1 for rGILCC 1 and 5291.665 ± 45.83 UL-1 for rPOXA 1B. The use of citrate buffer increased the enzyme affinity for ABTS since lower Km values occurred for both enzymes (1.49 × 10-2 mM for rGILCC 1 and 3.72 × 10-2 mM for rPOXA 1B) compared to those obtained in acetate buffer (5.36 × 10-2 mM for rGILCC 1 and 1.72 mM for rPOXA 1B). The molecular dynamics of GILCC 1-ABTS and POXA 1B-ABTS showed stable behavior, with root mean square deviation (RMSD) values not exceeding 2.0 Å. Enzyme activities (rGILCC 1 and rPOXA 1B) and 3D model-ABTS interactions (GILCC 1-ABTS and POXA 1B-ABTS) were under the strong influence of pH, wavelength, ions, and ABTS concentration, supported by computational studies identifying the stabilizing residues and interactions. Integration of the experimental and computational approaches yielded a comprehensive understanding of enzyme-substrate interactions, offering potential applications in environmental substrate treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- María P. C. Mora-Gamboa
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Molecular, Grupo de Biotecnología Ambiental e Industrial (GBAI), Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá 110231, Colombia (M.C.F.-C.); (L.D.A.-L.)
| | - María C. Ferrucho-Calle
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Molecular, Grupo de Biotecnología Ambiental e Industrial (GBAI), Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá 110231, Colombia (M.C.F.-C.); (L.D.A.-L.)
| | - Leidy D. Ardila-Leal
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Molecular, Grupo de Biotecnología Ambiental e Industrial (GBAI), Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá 110231, Colombia (M.C.F.-C.); (L.D.A.-L.)
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Vegetal, Grupo de Investigación en Asuntos Ambientales y Desarrollo Sostenible (MINDALA), Departamento de Ciencias Agrarias y del Ambiente, Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander, Ocaña 546552, Colombia
| | - Lina M. Rojas-Ojeda
- Departamento de Química, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá 111321, Colombia
| | - Johan F. Galindo
- Departamento de Química, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá 111321, Colombia
| | - Raúl A. Poutou-Piñales
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Molecular, Grupo de Biotecnología Ambiental e Industrial (GBAI), Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá 110231, Colombia (M.C.F.-C.); (L.D.A.-L.)
| | - Aura M. Pedroza-Rodríguez
- Laboratorio de Microbiología Ambiental y Suelos, Grupo de Biotecnología Ambiental e Industrial (GBAI), Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá 110231, Colombia
| | - Balkys E. Quevedo-Hidalgo
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Aplicada, Grupo de Biotecnología Ambiental e Industrial (GBAI), Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá 110231, Colombia;
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10
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Singh AK, Iqbal HMN, Cardullo N, Muccilli V, Fernández-Lucas J, Schmidt JE, Jesionowski T, Bilal M. Structural insights, biocatalytic characteristics, and application prospects of lignin-modifying enzymes for sustainable biotechnology. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 242:124968. [PMID: 37217044 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.124968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Lignin modifying enzymes (LMEs) have gained widespread recognition in depolymerization of lignin polymers by oxidative cleavage. LMEs are a robust class of biocatalysts that include lignin peroxidase (LiP), manganese peroxidase (MnP), versatile peroxidase (VP), laccase (LAC), and dye-decolorizing peroxidase (DyP). Members of the LMEs family act on phenolic, non-phenolic substrates and have been widely researched for valorization of lignin, oxidative cleavage of xenobiotics and phenolics. LMEs implementation in the biotechnological and industrial sectors has sparked significant attention, although its potential future applications remain underexploited. To understand the mechanism of LMEs in sustainable pollution mitigation, several studies have been undertaken to assess the feasibility of LMEs in correlating to diverse pollutants for binding and intermolecular interactions at the molecular level. However, further investigation is required to fully comprehend the underlying mechanism. In this review we presented the key structural and functional features of LMEs, including the computational aspects, as well as the advanced applications in biotechnology and industrial research. Furthermore, concluding remarks and a look ahead, the use of LMEs coupled with computational framework, built upon artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML), has been emphasized as a recent milestone in environmental research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anil Kumar Singh
- Environmental Microbiology Laboratory, Environmental Toxicology Group CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhawan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Hafiz M N Iqbal
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Monterrey 64849, Mexico
| | - Nunzio Cardullo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Catania, V.le A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Vera Muccilli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Catania, V.le A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Jesús Fernández-Lucas
- Applied Biotechnology Group, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Urbanización El Bosque, 28670, Villaviciosa de Odón, Spain; Grupo de Investigación en Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, GICNEX, Universidad de la Costa, CUC, Calle 58 # 55-66, 080002, Barranquilla, Colombia
| | - Jens Ejbye Schmidt
- Department of Green Technology, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - Teofil Jesionowski
- Institute of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Technology, Poznan University of Technology, Berdychowo 4, PL-60965 Poznan, Poland
| | - Muhammad Bilal
- Institute of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Technology, Poznan University of Technology, Berdychowo 4, PL-60965 Poznan, Poland; Department of Sanitary Engineering, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Gdansk University of Technology, G. Narutowicza 11/12 Str., 80-233 Gdansk, Poland.
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11
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Elsayed AM, Mahmoud M, Abdel Karim GSA, Abdelraof M, Othman AM. Purification and biochemical characterization of two laccase isoenzymes isolated from Trichoderma harzianum S7113 and its application for bisphenol A degradation. Microb Cell Fact 2023; 22:1. [PMID: 36593499 PMCID: PMC9806890 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-022-02011-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Two laccase isoenzymes (LacA and LacB) were isolated from a novel Trichoderma harzianum S7113 isolate employing ammonium sulfate precipitation, Sephadex G100, and DEAE Sepharose ion exchange chromatography. The molecular weights of the purified LacA and LacB laccases were estimated to be 63 and 48 kDa, respectively. The two isoenzymes had their optimum activities at the same temperature (50 °C), but at slightly different pH values (pH 3.0 for LacA and pH 2.5 for LacB). LacA and LacB had the same thermal stability at 40 °C and pH stability at pH 9.0. The two isoenzymes also showed a high level of specific activity toward ABTS, where the Km values of LacA and LacB were 0.100 and 0.065 mM, whereas their Vmax values were 0.603 and 0.182 µmol min-1, respectively. LacA and LacB catalytic activity was stimulated by Mg2+, Zn2+, K+, and Ni2+, whereas it was inhibited by Hg2+ and Pb2+, β-mercaptoethanol, EDTA, and SDS, and completely inhibited by sodium azide. Our findings indicate that purified laccase has a promising capacity for bisphenol A (BPA) bioremediation across a broad pH range. This finding opens up new opportunities for the commercialization of this technique in a variety of biotechnology-based applications, particularly for removing endocrine chemicals from the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alshaimaa M. Elsayed
- grid.419725.c0000 0001 2151 8157Molecular Biology Department, Biotechnology Research Institute, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, 12622 Egypt
| | - Mohamed Mahmoud
- grid.419725.c0000 0001 2151 8157Water Pollution Research Department, National Research Centre, 33 El-Buhouth St., Dokki, Giza, 12622 Egypt
| | - Ghada S. A. Abdel Karim
- grid.419725.c0000 0001 2151 8157Molecular Biology Department, Biotechnology Research Institute, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, 12622 Egypt
| | - Mohamed Abdelraof
- grid.419725.c0000 0001 2151 8157Microbial Chemistry Department, Biotechnology Research Institute, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, 12622 Egypt
| | - Abdelmageed M. Othman
- grid.419725.c0000 0001 2151 8157Microbial Chemistry Department, Biotechnology Research Institute, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, 12622 Egypt
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12
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Robert B, Chenthamara D, Subramaniam S. Fabrication and biomedical applications of Arabinoxylan, Pectin, Chitosan, Soy protein, and Silk fibroin hydrogels via laccase - ferulic acid redox chemistry. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 201:539-556. [PMID: 34973987 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.12.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The unique physiochemical properties and the porous network architecture of hydrogel seek the attention to be explored in broad range of fields. In the last decade, numerous studies on the development of enzymatically cross-linked hydrogels have been elucidated. Implementing enzyme based cross-linking for fabrication of biomaterials over other crosslinking methods harbor various advantages, especially hydrogels designed using laccase exhibits mild reaction environment, high cross-linking efficiency and less toxicity. To our knowledge this is the first report reviewing the formulation of laccase mediated cross-linking for hydrogel preparation. Here, laccase catalyzed synthesis of hydrogel using polysaccharide viz. arabinoxylan, sugar beet pectin, galactomannan, chitosan etc. and proteins namely soy protein, gelatin, silk fibroin were discussed on highlighting their mechanical properties and its possible field of application. We have summarized the role of phenolic acids in laccase mediated crosslinking particularly ferulic acid which is a component of lignocellulose, serving cell rigidity via crosslinkage. The review also discusses on various biomedical applications such as controlled protein release, tissue engineering, and wound healing. It is anticipated that this review will give a detailed information on different laccase mediated reaction strategies that can be applied for the synthesis of various new biomaterials with tailor made properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Becky Robert
- Biomaterials and Bioprocess Laboratory, Department of Microbial Biotechnology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641046, India
| | - Dhrisya Chenthamara
- Biomaterials and Bioprocess Laboratory, Department of Microbial Biotechnology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641046, India
| | - Sadhasivam Subramaniam
- Biomaterials and Bioprocess Laboratory, Department of Microbial Biotechnology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641046, India; Department of Extension and Career Guidance, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641046, India.
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13
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Cajnko MM, Oblak J, Grilc M, Likozar B. Enzymatic bioconversion process of lignin: mechanisms, reactions and kinetics. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 340:125655. [PMID: 34388661 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.125655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Lignin is a wasted renewable source of biomass-derived value-added chemicals. However, due to its material resistance to degradation, it remains highly underutilized. In order to develop new, catalysed and more environment friendly reaction processes for lignin valorization, science has turned a selective concentrated attention to microbial enzymes. This present work looks at the enzymes involved with the main reference focus on the different elementary mechanisms of action/conversion rate kinetics. Pathways, like with laccases/peroxidases, employ radicals, which more readily result in polymerization than de-polymerization. The β-etherase system interaction of proteins targets β-O-4 ether covalent bond, which targets lower molecular weight product species. Enzymatic activity is influenced by a wide variety of different factors which need to be considered in order to obtain the best functionality and synthesis yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miša Mojca Cajnko
- Department of Catalysis and Chemical Reaction Engineering, National Institute of Chemistry, NIC, Hajdrihova, 19, SI-1001 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Jošt Oblak
- Department of Catalysis and Chemical Reaction Engineering, National Institute of Chemistry, NIC, Hajdrihova, 19, SI-1001 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Miha Grilc
- Department of Catalysis and Chemical Reaction Engineering, National Institute of Chemistry, NIC, Hajdrihova, 19, SI-1001 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Blaž Likozar
- Department of Catalysis and Chemical Reaction Engineering, National Institute of Chemistry, NIC, Hajdrihova, 19, SI-1001 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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Edoamodu CE, Nwodo UU. Marine sediment derived bacteria Enterobacter asburiae ES1 and Enterobacter sp. Kamsi produce laccase with high dephenolisation potentials. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2021; 52:748-761. [PMID: 34689726 DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2021.1992781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Abstract
Purified laccases from bacterial species isolated from marine sediment were applied to degrade Bisphenol A (BPA). The Bacterial species were isolated from marine water sediments sampled from Cove Rock and Bonza Bay beach of the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa was tested for laccase activity on varied phenolic plates. The two most promising strains, Enterobacter asburiae ES1 and Enterobacter sp. Kamsi was subjected to extracellular laccase production and were identified using molecular methods. Both extracted bacterial laccases showed an affinity for ABTS and PFC substrates and were purified to homogeneity by ammonium sulfate precipitation, anion exchange, and size exclusion chromatography. A specific laccase activity of 231.67 and 218.15 U/mg of protein and a molecular weight of 50 and 55 kDa was obtained from the purified ES1 and Kamsi laccases. Laccase activity was optimum at pH8 and 5 and at 80 °C and 60 °C for ES1 and Kamsi laccases, and they manifested 71.7% and 65.8% BPA decolorizing effects. The optimized treatment condition applied showed maximum BPA removal effects of 85% and 86% at pH7 and 6, while 78% and 79% was degraded at 70 °C and 80 °C while at 250 µL enzyme volume, BPA was actively degraded to 85%, and 75% removal effect showed by ES1 and Kamsi laccases. The molecular identification of the pure colonies using 16S rRNA showed the isolate belonged to the class of gammaproteobacterial. Their nucleotide sequence has been deposited in NCBI with the accession number MN686602 and MN686603. Conclusively, marine habitat serves as a reservoir for active bacterial laccase producers suitable for bioprocess application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiedu E Edoamodu
- SAMRC Microbial Water Quality Monitoring Centre, University of Fort Hare, Alice, South Africa.,Applied and Environmental Microbiology Research Group (AEMREG), Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Fort Hare, Alice, South Africa
| | - Uchechukwu U Nwodo
- SAMRC Microbial Water Quality Monitoring Centre, University of Fort Hare, Alice, South Africa.,Applied and Environmental Microbiology Research Group (AEMREG), Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Fort Hare, Alice, South Africa
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