Evaluation of hematological indices among insecticides factory workers

Pesticide exposure and acute health problems among pesticide processing industry workers in Ethiopia

Occupational exposure to pesticides` manufacturing, formulating and applications can have a potential to harm humans` health in acutely or chronically. This study aims to assess pesticide exposure and acute pesticide intoxication among pesticide processing industry workers in Ethiopia. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 90 male pesticide processing industry workers` through face-to-face interviews. Data were collected using kobo Collect v2024.1.3 and exported to SPSS version 27 for analysis. Descriptive statistics and binary logistic regression were applied for statistical data analysis. The overall prevalence of acute pesticide intoxication (API) was 80 % (95 % CI 71.1 % - 87.4 %). Approximately, 60 %, 46.7 %, 42.2 %, 38.9 % and 33.3 % of the study participants reported experiencing pesticide exposure-related muscle weakness, headache, eye irritation, skin irritations and upper respiratory tract irritation, respectively. The factor found to be associated with pesticide intoxication was the improper utilization of personal protective equipment (PPE) regardless of time and season (AOR, 11; 95 % CI, 2.29, 48.83). Pesticide exposure-related acute health effects are a significant occupational health concern in this study. Inadequate and improper use of PPE increases the risk of these health effects. Therefore, proper PPE utilization and strict enforcement are crucial for protection.

The Sub-Acute Potential Risk of Oxamyl in Male Albino Rats

The current study aimed to investigate the sub-acute effects of oxamyl on male Albino rats following oral administration of either 0.031 or 0.31 mg/kg/day for 14 consecutive days. The findings demonstrated that oxamyl produced a significant impact on most of the examined blood profile and biomarkers, along with a significant progressive and discernible alterations in the histology of organs. According to the results obtained, the potential mechanisms by which oxamyl causes its toxic effects on rats are identified as the inflammation indices, the inhibition of transaminases, alkaline phosphatase, and antioxidant enzymes, as well as the production of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARs) in organs following oxamyl treatment based on histopathological examinations. Due to the substantial genetic similarities between rats and humans, it is therefore anticipated that oxamyl will have comparable detrimental effects on humans.

Environmental pesticide exposure and its association with hematological parameters and inflammation indices among school-aged children in Mexico

Few studies have investigated the association between pesticide exposure and immune-inflammatory indices in children. We conducted a cross-sectional study of 369 school-aged children from three Mexican communities with varying levels of agricultural production. Blood samples were collected to calculate immune-inflammatory indices, and pooled hand-washing samples from 30 randomly selected children per community were analyzed for pesticide metabolites. Urinary dialkylphosphates (DAP) were determined in pooled samples per community. Multivariable logistic regression models assessed associations between pesticide exposure and immune-inflammatory indices (>median vs. Collapse

Key Words

• Children
• DAP
• Inflammation indices
• Pesticide

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MESH Headings

• Humans
• Mexico/epidemiology
• Male
• Child
• Female
• Environmental Exposure/adverse effects
• Cross-Sectional Studies
• Pesticides/urine
• Pesticides/adverse effects
• Pesticides/toxicity
• Inflammation/blood
• Inflammation/chemically induced
• Inflammation/epidemiology
• Biomarkers/blood
• Biomarkers/urine
• Environmental Monitoring
• Environmental Pollutants/urine
• Pesticide Residues
• Adolescent

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Affiliation(s)

Miguel Alfonso Ruiz-Arias Programa de Maestría y Doctorado en Ciencias Biológico Agropecuarias, Área de Ciencias Ambientales, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Nayarit, Mexico; Laboratorio de Contaminación y Toxicología Ambiental. Secretaría de Investigación y Posgrado. Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Ciudad de la Cultura s/n. Col. Centro, C.P, Tepic, Nayarit 63000, Mexico
Yael Yvette Bernal-Hernández Laboratorio de Contaminación y Toxicología Ambiental. Secretaría de Investigación y Posgrado. Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Ciudad de la Cultura s/n. Col. Centro, C.P, Tepic, Nayarit 63000, Mexico
Irma Martha Medina-Díaz Laboratorio de Contaminación y Toxicología Ambiental. Secretaría de Investigación y Posgrado. Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Ciudad de la Cultura s/n. Col. Centro, C.P, Tepic, Nayarit 63000, Mexico
Ana M Mora Center for Environmental Research and Community Health (CERCH), School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, United States
José Francisco Herrera-Moreno Laboratorio de Contaminación y Toxicología Ambiental. Secretaría de Investigación y Posgrado. Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Ciudad de la Cultura s/n. Col. Centro, C.P, Tepic, Nayarit 63000, Mexico; Secretaría de Ciencia, Humanidades, Tecnología e Innovación (SECIHTI), Padrón de Investigadoras e Investigadores por México, Mexico
Briscia Socorro Barrón-Vivanco Laboratorio de Contaminación y Toxicología Ambiental. Secretaría de Investigación y Posgrado. Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Ciudad de la Cultura s/n. Col. Centro, C.P, Tepic, Nayarit 63000, Mexico
Cyndia Azucena González-Arias Laboratorio de Contaminación y Toxicología Ambiental. Secretaría de Investigación y Posgrado. Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Ciudad de la Cultura s/n. Col. Centro, C.P, Tepic, Nayarit 63000, Mexico
Francisco Alberto Verdín-Betancourt Unidad Especializada de Ciencias Ambientales. CENITT, Av. Emilio M. González S/N. Ciudad del Conocimiento, Tepic, Nayarit, Mexico
José Antonio Aguilar-Bañuelos Programa de Maestría y Doctorado en Ciencias Biológico Agropecuarias, Área de Ciencias Ambientales, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Nayarit, Mexico; Laboratorio de Contaminación y Toxicología Ambiental. Secretaría de Investigación y Posgrado. Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Ciudad de la Cultura s/n. Col. Centro, C.P, Tepic, Nayarit 63000, Mexico
Juan Manuel Agraz-Cibrián Unidad Académica de Ciencias Químico Biológicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Tepic 63000, Mexico
José Francisco Zambrano-Zaragoza Unidad Académica de Ciencias Químico Biológicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Tepic 63000, Mexico
Pedro de Jesús Bastidas-Bastidas Laboratorio Nacional para la Investigación en Inocuidad Alimentaria (Residuos de Plaguicidas), Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A.C. (CIAD), Unidad Culiacán, Carretera a Eldorado Km. 5.5, Mexico
Aurora Elizabeth Rojas-García Laboratorio de Contaminación y Toxicología Ambiental. Secretaría de Investigación y Posgrado. Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Ciudad de la Cultura s/n. Col. Centro, C.P, Tepic, Nayarit 63000, Mexico.

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Unveiling the link: Neonicotinoids and elevated cardiometabolic risks in Chinese rural residents-from a prospective cohort study combing mendelian randomization study

PURPOSE

This study aimed to evaluate the relationships of separate and mixed exposure of neonicotinoids on cardiometabolic risk at baseline and follow-up and its change over 3 years, and further explore whether inflammatory markers levels and platelet traits (PLT) mediate these relationships.

METHODS

In this prospective cohort study from the Henan Rural Cohort Study, 2315 participants were involved at baseline, and 1841 participants completed cardiometabolic risk predictors determinations during the 3-year follow-up. Each neonicotinoid pesticide was normalized to imidacloprid (IMIeq) using the relative potency factor approach. Quantile-based g-computation (Qgcomp) regression was used to evaluate the effect of the mixtures of neonicotinoids mediation analysis was employed to explore whether inflammatory markers levels and platelet traits mediated these relationships. A two-sample mendelian randomization (MR) study was further used to causal association.

RESULTS

Qgcomp regression revealed a statistically positive relationship between neonicotinoids mixture exposure and cardiometabolic risk score at baseline and follow-up over 3 years. Both neutrophils/monocytes and PLT were mediators in the relationship between IMIeq and cardiometabolic risk score at baseline and follow-up over 3 years. The causal risk effect of pesticide exposure were 2.50 (0.05, 4.95) and 5.24 (1.28, 9.19) for cardiometabolic risk indicators including insulin resistance and triglyceride, respectively. Nevertheless, there was no correlation discovered between pesticide exposure and other markers of cardiometabolic risk.

CONCLUSION

Neonicotinoid insecticides exposure was connected to an increased cardiometabolic risk, especially in individuals with T2DM. Furthermore, inflammatory markers and PLT seem to be two vital mediators of these associations. Additionally, genetic evidence on pesticide exposure and cardiometabolic risk still needs to be validated by multiregional and multiethnic GWAS studies.

Biomarkers of oral subacute toxicity of deltamethrin in exposed male Albino rats

Deltamethrin is one of the most effective pyrethroid compounds, widely employed in veterinary medicine, public health, and farming. Deltamethrin-triggered oxidative stress largely causes serious harm to an organism. Acute toxicity of this compound was extensively investigated, while less information is available on its oral sub-acute effects. This study assessed, in the male Albino rats, the effects of oral gavage of either 0.874 mg/kg (0.01 LD50) or 8.740 mg/kg (0.10 LD50) of deltamethrin for successive 14 days to investigate its effects on biomarkers and to detect the tissue injury in rats following subacute deltamethrin treatment. It was found that levels of glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, and catalase in the brain, kidney, and liver, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and uric acid in serum, hematocrit, mean corpuscular volume (MCV), white blood cells (WBC)s, eosinophils, and basophils were significantly reduced compared with untreated rats. However, when rats were treated with deltamethrin for successive 14 days, alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activities in serum and the levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARs) in brain, kidney, and liver, red blood cell distribution width (RDW-CV), total protein, monocytes, and basophils and the ratios of neutrophils to lymphocytes, an aggregated marker of systemic inflammation and systemic immune inflammation indexes, significantly increased compared with the control group. Histologic lesions were observed in the liver, kidney, brain, testis, and epidemies in rats exposed to subacute deltamethrin for 14 days, and most tissues of rats treated with 0.10 LD50 of deltamethrin were more affected than those treated with 0.01 LD50. These findings strongly suggest that subacute exposure to deltamethrin caused significant systemic toxicity through oxidative stress resulting in biochemical and histological changes in the studied tissues. These findings highlight the potential harmful effects of deltamethrin and emphasize the importance of understanding the subacute effects of this compound, particularly in the context of veterinary medicine, public health, and farming.

Effect of plasma-activated water and buffer solution combined with ultrasound on fungicide degradation and quality of cherry tomato during storage

The purpose of this study was to examine plasma-activated buffer solution (PABS) and plasma-activated water (PAW) combined with ultrasonication (U) treatment on the reduction of chlorothalonil fungicide and the quality of tomato fruits during storage. To obtain PAW and PABS, an atmospheric air plasma jet was used to treat buffer solution and deionized water at different treatment times (5 and 10 min). For combined treatments, fruits were submerged in PAW and PABS, then sonicated for 15 min, and individual treatment without sonication. As per the results, the maximum chlorothalonil reduction of 89.29% was detected in PAW-U₁₀, followed by 85.43% in PABS. At the end of the storage period, the maximum reduction of 97.25% was recorded in PAW-U₁₀, followed by 93.14% in PABS-U₁₀. PAW, PABS, and both combined with ultrasound did not significantly affect the overall tomato fruit quality in the storage period. Our results revealed that PAW combined with sonication had a significant impact on post-harvest agrochemical degradation and retention of tomato quality than PABS. Conclusively, the integrated hurdle technologies effectively reduce agrochemical residues, which helps to lower health hazards and foodborne illnesses.

Hematological indices as indicators of inflammation induced by exposure to pesticides

Pesticide toxicity, both acute and chronic, is a global public health concern. Pesticides are involved in abnormal inflammatory responses by interfering with the normal physiology and metabolic status of cells. In this regard, inflammatory indices aggregate index of systemic inflammation (AISI), monocyte-to-high-density lipoprotein ratio, monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio (MLR), neutrophil-to-lymphocyte platelet ratio (NLPR), neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio, systemic immune inflammation index, and systemic inflammation response index (SIRI) have been used as predictive markers of inflammatory status in several diseases and also in acute poisoning events. This study aimed to determine systemic inflammation indices and their relationship with pesticide exposure from urban sprayers in 302 individuals categorized into three groups (reference group and moderate and high exposure groups). The data suggest that the AISI, MLR, NLPR, and SIRI indices were significantly higher in the exposed groups compared with the reference group. In conclusion, this study proposes that inflammation indices warrant further attention in order to assess their value as early biomarkers of acute and chronic pesticide intoxication.