A systematic review of the flood vulnerability using geographic information system

Flood risk susceptibility analysis in Larkana district Pakistan using multi criteria decision analysis and geospatial techniques

Flooding is one of the most devastating natural disasters in worldwide, with significant socioeconomic and environmental impacts. In such a scenario, flood susceptibility analysis is essential for successful risk management and disaster preparedness. The Larkana district located in densely populated area of Sindh province, approximately 1.8 million population with 0.32 million households, is highly susceptible to floods due to its geographical location, river systems, and hot climatic patterns with extremely high temperature in summer and mild winter. Larkana district often faces significant flood risks mainly due to monsoon rains and the overflow of the Indus River which often lead to widespread flooding. The research aims to identify and quantify key flood risk factors, including rainfall pattern, distance to river, topography, land use/land cover, soil texture, vegetation index, and drainage infrastructure. AHP was applied to prioritize these risk factors based on expert opinions and their relative significance in contributing to flood vulnerability. GIS employed for spatial analysis and mapping of risk zones, allowing for detailed visualization of high-risk areas across the district. For this study, the various data sources such as topographic data, land use and landcover information, rainfall and infrastructure data, were used to develop a comprehensive flood susceptibility model. The AHP method was employed to determine the relative weights with consistency ratio (CR) and GIS techniques to generate flood susceptibility maps by considering all nine flood risk factors. Flood risk levels were further classified into five different classes as very low, low, moderate, high and very high. By using AHP, the weights of each parameter were calculated as a percentage, and it was determined that four out of nine parameters had 79% impact on flood hazard. These factors are ranked as the most influential factors in flood hazards for study area, with rainfall, distance to river, slope, and elevation having the greatest influences, while LULC, TWI, NDVI, soil type, and curvature had 21% impacts, much less impact as compared to top ranked parameters. After that, each flood risk parameter maps were reclassified. These maps were superimposed by weighted overlay maps in order to show that 7.65% of the entire area is at very high flood risk, 63.89% is at high risk, 28.38% is at moderate risk, and 0.12% is at low risk. The findings and established complete flood susceptibility model will facilitate policymakers and disaster management authorities by identifying high-risk locations and prioritizing mitigation measures, ultimately reducing the impact of floods on local communities and infrastructure in Larkana district.

Community-based flood mitigation in Malaysia: Enhancing public participation and policy effectiveness for sustainable resilience

Background

Flooding is a frequent and devastating hazard in Malaysia, exacerbated by the country's tropical climate and rapid urbanisation. Traditional flood management strategies, predominantly focused on engineering solutions, have proven inadequate in addressing evolving flood risks. Community-based flood mitigation (CBFM) has emerged as an alternative approach, leveraging local knowledge and public participation to enhance flood resilience. This study aims to evaluate the role of CBFM in Malaysia, focusing on the effectiveness of public involvement and policy implementation in flood risk management.

Methods

We conducted 20 in-depth interviews with stakeholders, including government officials, community members, and representatives of non-governmental organisations (NGOs), using a qualitative methodology. The data were analysed using thematic analysis to identify key themes surrounding public participation, policy challenges, and successful community-led flood mitigation initiatives.

Results

The findings highlight the critical role of public involvement in improving flood preparedness and resilience. Communities that actively participated in mitigation efforts, such as early warning systems and nature-based solutions, demonstrated enhanced resilience. However, significant challenges remain, including inadequate funding, outdated infrastructure, and bureaucratic delays. Public awareness and education on flood preparedness, especially in rural areas, were found to be insufficient, hindering the effectiveness of flood management strategies.

Conclusions

The study concludes that while CBFM initiatives in Malaysia show promise, their success depends on stronger policy enforcement, increased public engagement, and sustained investments in both green and grey infrastructure. Greater collaboration between local communities, NGOs, and government agencies is essential for improving flood risk management and building long-term resilience, particularly in the face of increasing climate-driven disasters.

The mediating role of green innovation and green culture in the relationship between green human resource management and environmental performance

There is evidence in the literature that green HRM practices improve environmental profitability. On the other hand, existing research has failed to explain how GHRM can support the development of a green culture and green innovation influence the firm’s environmental performance and long-term growth. This study investigates the relationship between GHRM, green culture, green innovation, and a firm’s environmental performance. In addition, the study examines the mediating role of green culture and green innovation in the relationship between GHRM and environmental performance. This research conducts a large-scale study of 290 employees from Manufacturing firms in Malaysia. The research results provide managers with a better knowledge of how GHRM helps develop sustainable culture and green innovation and how these elements contribute to the improvement of environmental performance inside the organization. This study also makes a significant contribution in terms of novelty and research relevance by demonstrating that green culture and green innovation positively mediate the relationship between GHRM and environmental performance in a sustainable manner. Managers will understand the GHRM required to develop an ecologically conscious culture and promote green innovation among environmentally conscious employees. Finally, we highlighted the importance of this study for top management in the sense of mediating the role of green culture and green innovation and the consequences for future generations of responsible managers who will acquire this knowledge.

Performance of Steel-Bolt-Connected Industrialized Building System Frame Subjected to Hydrodynamic Force

People need durable shelters for living safely due to devastation caused by flooding in some areas, and it is not easy to mitigate the frequency and intensity of the flooding. Therefore, in this research, an industrialized building system (IBS) has been proposed as one of the best solutions. However, most of the existing IBSs were not designed and tested for resisting a sudden horizontal impact. Furthermore, the joints of some IBSs would likely be vulnerable to failure when subjected to a horizontal impact. There is a need to develop a bolt-connected IBS that is able to withstand a horizontal impact load. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the performance of steel-bolt-connected IBS frames subjected to the sudden impact of hydrodynamic force. Autodesk computational fluid dynamic (CFD) simulation was used for optimizing the laboratory experiment. A 1:5-scale IBS frame was designed and tested for the dam-break test using 1 m, 2 m, and 3 m reservoir water levels. The results showed that the bolt connections were very effective and robust in the IBS frame. They also restricted damages from spreading to other structural components due to energy dissipation. The main findings of this study are crucial to improving the current IBS method of construction.