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Santos RS, Barreto MDS, Silva EED, da Silva BS, de Jesus PC, Silva DMRR, Moura PHM, de Souza JB, dos Santos LMM, Guimarães AG, Santana LADM, Borges LP. COVID-19 Crisis in Brazil: Post-Vaccination Seroprevalence and Infection in More and Less Vaccinated Municipalities in a Northeastern State. Life (Basel) 2024; 14:94. [PMID: 38255709 PMCID: PMC10817450 DOI: 10.3390/life14010094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Given the impact of the pandemic in Brazil, vaccination is essential to prevent illness and death. Thus, this study sought to compare, after vaccination, the circulation of SARS-CoV-2 and the response to vaccination in the least and most vaccinated municipalities of a Brazilian state during the height of the pandemic when the Omicron variant was dominant. METHODS We tested for the SARS-CoV-2 antigen and confirmed infection using an RT-qPCR and measured IgM and IgG antibodies in fully vaccinated participants from municipalities with higher and lower vaccination rates. RESULTS We showed that participants from the least vaccinated municipalities were more likely to have detectable IgM antibodies and a positive antigen/RT-qPCR result for SARS-CoV-2 than participants from the most vaccinated municipalities. There were no differences between the vaccines used (BNT162b2, Ad26.COV2.S, AZD1222, and CoronaVac) and antibody production. CONCLUSIONS Our study evaluated municipal vaccination coverage and its effects on mortality, infections, and anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies during a critical phase of the pandemic. The results suggest that higher vaccination coverage reduces acute cases and confers higher memory antibody levels against SARS-CoV-2. Even with a full vaccination schedule, individuals living in places with low vaccination rates are more susceptible to infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronaldy Santana Santos
- Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão 49100-000, SE, Brazil; (M.d.S.B.); (E.E.D.S.); (B.S.d.S.); (P.C.d.J.); (D.M.R.R.S.); (P.H.M.M.); (J.B.d.S.); (L.M.M.d.S.); (A.G.G.)
| | - Marina dos Santos Barreto
- Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão 49100-000, SE, Brazil; (M.d.S.B.); (E.E.D.S.); (B.S.d.S.); (P.C.d.J.); (D.M.R.R.S.); (P.H.M.M.); (J.B.d.S.); (L.M.M.d.S.); (A.G.G.)
| | - Eloia Emanuelly Dias Silva
- Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão 49100-000, SE, Brazil; (M.d.S.B.); (E.E.D.S.); (B.S.d.S.); (P.C.d.J.); (D.M.R.R.S.); (P.H.M.M.); (J.B.d.S.); (L.M.M.d.S.); (A.G.G.)
| | - Beatriz Soares da Silva
- Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão 49100-000, SE, Brazil; (M.d.S.B.); (E.E.D.S.); (B.S.d.S.); (P.C.d.J.); (D.M.R.R.S.); (P.H.M.M.); (J.B.d.S.); (L.M.M.d.S.); (A.G.G.)
| | - Pamela Chaves de Jesus
- Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão 49100-000, SE, Brazil; (M.d.S.B.); (E.E.D.S.); (B.S.d.S.); (P.C.d.J.); (D.M.R.R.S.); (P.H.M.M.); (J.B.d.S.); (L.M.M.d.S.); (A.G.G.)
| | - Deise Maria Rego Rodrigues Silva
- Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão 49100-000, SE, Brazil; (M.d.S.B.); (E.E.D.S.); (B.S.d.S.); (P.C.d.J.); (D.M.R.R.S.); (P.H.M.M.); (J.B.d.S.); (L.M.M.d.S.); (A.G.G.)
| | - Pedro Henrique Macedo Moura
- Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão 49100-000, SE, Brazil; (M.d.S.B.); (E.E.D.S.); (B.S.d.S.); (P.C.d.J.); (D.M.R.R.S.); (P.H.M.M.); (J.B.d.S.); (L.M.M.d.S.); (A.G.G.)
| | - Jessiane Bispo de Souza
- Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão 49100-000, SE, Brazil; (M.d.S.B.); (E.E.D.S.); (B.S.d.S.); (P.C.d.J.); (D.M.R.R.S.); (P.H.M.M.); (J.B.d.S.); (L.M.M.d.S.); (A.G.G.)
| | - Leticia Milena Machado dos Santos
- Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão 49100-000, SE, Brazil; (M.d.S.B.); (E.E.D.S.); (B.S.d.S.); (P.C.d.J.); (D.M.R.R.S.); (P.H.M.M.); (J.B.d.S.); (L.M.M.d.S.); (A.G.G.)
| | - Adriana Gibara Guimarães
- Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão 49100-000, SE, Brazil; (M.d.S.B.); (E.E.D.S.); (B.S.d.S.); (P.C.d.J.); (D.M.R.R.S.); (P.H.M.M.); (J.B.d.S.); (L.M.M.d.S.); (A.G.G.)
| | | | - Lysandro Pinto Borges
- Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão 49100-000, SE, Brazil; (M.d.S.B.); (E.E.D.S.); (B.S.d.S.); (P.C.d.J.); (D.M.R.R.S.); (P.H.M.M.); (J.B.d.S.); (L.M.M.d.S.); (A.G.G.)
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Barreto MDS, da Silva BS, Santos RS, Silva DMRR, Silva EED, Moura PHM, de Souza JB, Santana LADM, Fonseca DLM, Filgueiras IS, Guimarães AG, Cabral-Marques O, Schimke LF, Borges LP. COVID-19 Vaccination and Serological Profile of a Brazilian University Population. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:1925. [PMID: 37763328 PMCID: PMC10532467 DOI: 10.3390/life13091925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND COVID-19 led to the suspension academic activities worldwide, affecting millions of students and staff. METHODS In this study, we evaluated the presence of IgM and IgG anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in an academic population during the return to classes after a one-year suspension. The study took place over five months at a Brazilian university and included 942 participants. RESULTS We found that most participants had reactive IgG and non-reactive IgM. All received at least one dose, and 940 received two or more doses, of different COVID-19 vaccines. We obtained a higher average of memory antibodies (IgG) in participants who received the CoronaVac/ChAdOx1 combination. IgG was consistently distributed for each vaccine group, but individuals who completed the vaccination schedule had higher levels. There were no differences between antibodies and gender, presence of symptoms, and previous COVID-19 infection, but older participants (>53 years) and contacts of infected individuals had higher IgM levels. CONCLUSION This study makes significant contributions to the assessment of antibodies in the academic environment, allowing us to infer that most participants had memory immunity and low indications of recent infection when returning to face-to-face classes, as well as demonstrating the need to monitor immunity and update vaccinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina dos Santos Barreto
- Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão 49100-000, SE, Brazil; (M.d.S.B.); (B.S.d.S.); (R.S.S.); (D.M.R.R.S.); (E.E.D.S.); (P.H.M.M.); (J.B.d.S.); (A.G.G.)
| | - Beatriz Soares da Silva
- Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão 49100-000, SE, Brazil; (M.d.S.B.); (B.S.d.S.); (R.S.S.); (D.M.R.R.S.); (E.E.D.S.); (P.H.M.M.); (J.B.d.S.); (A.G.G.)
| | - Ronaldy Santana Santos
- Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão 49100-000, SE, Brazil; (M.d.S.B.); (B.S.d.S.); (R.S.S.); (D.M.R.R.S.); (E.E.D.S.); (P.H.M.M.); (J.B.d.S.); (A.G.G.)
| | - Deise Maria Rego Rodrigues Silva
- Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão 49100-000, SE, Brazil; (M.d.S.B.); (B.S.d.S.); (R.S.S.); (D.M.R.R.S.); (E.E.D.S.); (P.H.M.M.); (J.B.d.S.); (A.G.G.)
| | - Eloia Emanuelly Dias Silva
- Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão 49100-000, SE, Brazil; (M.d.S.B.); (B.S.d.S.); (R.S.S.); (D.M.R.R.S.); (E.E.D.S.); (P.H.M.M.); (J.B.d.S.); (A.G.G.)
| | - Pedro Henrique Macedo Moura
- Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão 49100-000, SE, Brazil; (M.d.S.B.); (B.S.d.S.); (R.S.S.); (D.M.R.R.S.); (E.E.D.S.); (P.H.M.M.); (J.B.d.S.); (A.G.G.)
| | - Jessiane Bispo de Souza
- Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão 49100-000, SE, Brazil; (M.d.S.B.); (B.S.d.S.); (R.S.S.); (D.M.R.R.S.); (E.E.D.S.); (P.H.M.M.); (J.B.d.S.); (A.G.G.)
| | | | - Dennyson Leandro M. Fonseca
- Interunit Postgraduate Program on Bioinformatics, Institute of Mathematics and Statistics (IME), University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo 05508-090, SP, Brazil;
| | - Igor Salerno Filgueiras
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, SP, Brazil;
| | - Adriana Gibara Guimarães
- Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão 49100-000, SE, Brazil; (M.d.S.B.); (B.S.d.S.); (R.S.S.); (D.M.R.R.S.); (E.E.D.S.); (P.H.M.M.); (J.B.d.S.); (A.G.G.)
| | - Otavio Cabral-Marques
- Interunit Postgraduate Program on Bioinformatics, Institute of Mathematics and Statistics (IME), University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo 05508-090, SP, Brazil;
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, SP, Brazil;
- Department of Medicine, Division of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 01246-903, SP, Brazil
- Department of Pharmacy and Postgraduate Program of Health and Science, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59012-570, RN, Brazil
- Laboratory of Medical Investigation 29, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo 01246-903, SP, Brazil
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, SP, Brazil
- Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy, Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), São Paulo 05508-000, SP, Brazil
| | - Lena F. Schimke
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, SP, Brazil;
- Department of Medicine, Division of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 01246-903, SP, Brazil
| | - Lysandro Pinto Borges
- Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão 49100-000, SE, Brazil; (M.d.S.B.); (B.S.d.S.); (R.S.S.); (D.M.R.R.S.); (E.E.D.S.); (P.H.M.M.); (J.B.d.S.); (A.G.G.)
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Martins AF, de Souza DRV, de Rezende Neto JM, Santos AA, da Invenção GB, Matos ILS, dos Santos KA, de Jesus PC, da Silva FA, de Almeida FHO, do Vale FYN, Fonseca DLM, Schimke LF, Matos SS, Oliveira BM, Ferreira CS, de Paula Dias B, dos Santos SMSA, Barbosa CC, de Carvalho Barreto ID, Moreno AKM, Gonçalves RL, de Mello Silva B, Cabral-Marques O, Borges LP. A higher number of SARS-COV-2 infections in quilombola communities than in the local population in Brazil. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1095162. [PMID: 37304100 PMCID: PMC10253171 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1095162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The historical and social vulnerability of quilombola communities in Brazil can make them especially fragile in the face of COVID-19, considering that several individuals have precarious health systems and inadequate access to water. This work aimed to characterize the frequency of SARS-COV-2 infections and the presence of IgM and IgG SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in quilombola populations and their relationship with the presence of risk factors or preexisting chronic diseases in the quilombola communities. We analyzed the sociodemographic and clinical characteristics, serological status, comorbidities, and symptoms of 1,994 individuals (478 males and 1,536 females) from 18 Brazilian municipalities in the State of Sergipe of quilombola communities, which were evaluated at different epidemiological weeks, starting at the 32nd (August 6th) and ending at the 40th (October 3rd) epidemiological week. More than 70% of studied families live in rural areas and they have an extreme poverty social status. Although we found a higher number of SARS-COV-2 infections in quilombola communities than in the local population, their SARS-CoV-2 reactivity and IgM and IgG positivity varied across the communities investigated. Arterial hypertension was the most risk factor, being found in 27.8% of the individuals (9.5% in stage 1, 10.8% in stage 2, and 7.5% in stage 3). The most common COVID-19 symptoms and comorbidities were headache, runny nose, flu, and dyslipidemia. However, most individuals were asymptomatic (79.9%). Our data indicate that mass testing must be incorporated into public policy to improve the health care system available to quilombola populations during a future pandemic or epidemic.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Fernando Yuri Nery do Vale
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Dennyson Leandro M. Fonseca
- Interunit Postgraduate Program on Bioinformatics, Institute of Mathematics and Statistics (IME), University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Lena F. Schimke
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Saulo Santos Matos
- Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, SE, Brazil
| | | | - Cyntia Silva Ferreira
- Department of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Bruna de Paula Dias
- Department of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Camila Cavadas Barbosa
- Department of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Ana Karolina Mendes Moreno
- Postgraduate Program in Animal Biodiversity, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Lemes Gonçalves
- Department of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Breno de Mello Silva
- Department of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Otavio Cabral-Marques
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Interunit Postgraduate Program on Bioinformatics, Institute of Mathematics and Statistics (IME), University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Department of Pharmacy and Postgraduate Program of Health and Science, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
- Department of Medicine, Division of Molecular Medicine, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil
- Laboratory of Medical Investigation 29, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil
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