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Saadh MJ, Bishoyi AK, Rekha MM, Verma A, Nanda A, Panigrahi R, Verma R, Gabble BC. Dual roles of long non-coding RNAs in thyroid cancer: regulation of programmed cell death pathways. Med Oncol 2025; 42:217. [PMID: 40407962 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-025-02750-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2025] [Accepted: 04/28/2025] [Indexed: 06/01/2025]
Abstract
Thyroid cancer (TC) represents the most common endocrine malignancy; however, the intricacies of its carcinogenesis pose significant challenges to therapeutic interventions. A comprehensive understanding of the molecular mechanisms that drive TC progression is crucial for the development of effective treatment strategies, especially considering the increasingly recognized role of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) in oncogenesis. Notwithstanding recent advancements, the regulatory functions of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and their interactions with microRNAs (miRNAs) in the context of TC are not yet fully elucidated. This review aims to address this knowledge deficiency by investigating the dual roles of lncRNAs in the pathogenesis of TC, specifically their regulation of programmed cell death (PCD) pathways. Current literature indicates that disrupted competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) networks are involved in drug resistance, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), as well as tumor proliferation, angiogenesis, invasion, and metastasis in TC. The basis of cancer therapy-induced tumor cell elimination is programmed cell death (PCD), which includes well-studied processes such as apoptosis, autophagy, and ferroptosis as well as novel pathways, such as cuproptosis, immunogenic cell death (ICD), and PANoptosis. Recent research has shown the critical function of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in modifying these several PCD pathways, impacting TC growth and therapy response. This review synthesizes evidence on how lncRNAs regulate PCD to influence TC progression and therapeutic outcomes. Additionally, we examine the clinical relevance of lncRNAs in TC, highlighting their potential as biomarkers for diagnosis and prognosis, therapeutic targets, and contributors to drug resistance, while emphasizing recent advancements in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed J Saadh
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Middle East University, Amman, 11831, Jordan.
| | - Ashok Kumar Bishoyi
- Marwadi University Research Center, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Marwadi University, Rajkot, Gujarat, 360003, India
| | - M M Rekha
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Sciences, JAIN (Deemed to Be University), Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Ashish Verma
- Centre for Research Impact & Outcome, Chitkara University Institute of Engineering and Technology, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab, 140401, India
| | - Anima Nanda
- Department of Biomedical, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Rajashree Panigrahi
- Department of Microbiology, IMS and SUM Hospital, Siksha 'O' Anusandhan (Deemed to be University), Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751003, India
| | - Rajni Verma
- Department of Applied Sciences, Chandigarh Engineering College, Chandigarh Group of Colleges, Jhanjeri, Mohali, Punjab, 140307, India
| | - Baneen C Gabble
- Medical Laboratory Technique College, The Islamic University, Najaf, Iraq
- Medical Laboratory Technique College, The Islamic University of Al Diwaniyah, Al Diwaniyah, Iraq
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