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Porcu S, Ugbo FC, Pinna A, Carboni Z, Corpino R, Chiriu D, Podda E, Ricci PC. Synergistic effects of Tb doping in long-persistent luminescence in Ca 3Ga 4O 9: xBi 3+, yZn 2+ phosphors: Implications for novel phosphorescent materials. Heliyon 2024; 10:e25707. [PMID: 38333877 PMCID: PMC10850978 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e25707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Long afterglow phosphors constitute an emerging class of compounds with wide application in several fields, from photonic to dosimetry, solar energy storage and photocatalysis. In this study, we synthesized and thoroughly characterized a new class of persistent emitting materials, Ca3Ga4O9: xBi3+, yZn2+, zTb3+. Through the utilization of X-ray and Raman spectroscopy, as well as optical measurements including static and time-resolved luminescence, thermoluminescence, and phosphorescence, the effects of the Tb concentration on the optical and structural properties of the material has been deeply studied. A suitable mechanism was proposed to account for the long afterglow emission, wherein Tb3+ and Bi3+ ions occupying the Ca2+ sites serve as recombination centers, facilitating the generation of oxygen defects. Zn2+ in the Ga3+ sites, contribute to the charge balance and generates hole traps in the matrix. The enduring phosphorescence persists for over 3 h following the cessation of UV irradiation, discernible to the naked eye in low-light conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Porcu
- Department of Physics, University of Cagliari, S.p. no. 8 Km 0700, 09042, Monserrato, CA, Italy
| | - Franca C. Ugbo
- Department of Physics, University of Cagliari, S.p. no. 8 Km 0700, 09042, Monserrato, CA, Italy
| | - Andrea Pinna
- Department of Physics, University of Cagliari, S.p. no. 8 Km 0700, 09042, Monserrato, CA, Italy
| | - Zaira Carboni
- Department of Physics, University of Cagliari, S.p. no. 8 Km 0700, 09042, Monserrato, CA, Italy
| | - Riccardo Corpino
- Department of Physics, University of Cagliari, S.p. no. 8 Km 0700, 09042, Monserrato, CA, Italy
| | - Daniele Chiriu
- Department of Physics, University of Cagliari, S.p. no. 8 Km 0700, 09042, Monserrato, CA, Italy
| | - Enrico Podda
- Centro Servizi di Ateneo per la Ricerca- CeSAR, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, 09042, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Pier Carlo Ricci
- Department of Physics, University of Cagliari, S.p. no. 8 Km 0700, 09042, Monserrato, CA, Italy
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