A selective LSPR biosensor for molecular-level glycated albumin detection

Localized surface plasmon resonance sensing based on monometallic gold nanoparticles: from material preparation to detection of bioanalytes

The tunable geometrical properties of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) endow them with the capacity to exhibit distinct behaviors with respect to both macroscopic (color) and microscopic (resonance wavelength) aspects, which has been extensively utilized in localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) sensing platforms. Additionally, functionalizing AuNP surfaces enhances the platforms' capabilities, allowing for the detection of a wide range of molecules related to various aspects of human health. In this review, we comprehensively elucidate the fundamental principles of LSPR biosensing and provide an in-depth survey of the preparation processes for metal nanoparticles, encompassing deposition technology for large-scale particle production as well as ion reduction methods that afford superior control over the particles' physical and chemical attributes. The sensing strategies based on adjustment of the dielectric environment and particle dispersion-aggregation levels are thoroughly reviewed and discussed. The discussion focused on a specific class of nanoparticles, characterized by their uniform shape and size, with each section bifurcated into two parts: a summary of the salient features and recent discoveries pertaining to the sensing strategy, as well as illustrations of representative, cutting-edge applications employing the strategy. We specifically aim to scrutinize analytes commonly encountered in the biomedical realm, encompassing biomarkers that serve as indicators of a wide range of diseases and microbial pathogens, while also prognosticating the future development trends of LSPR optical biosensor platforms within the biomedical field.

Hump-shaped seven-core fiber-based WaveFlex biosensor for rapid detection of glyphosate pesticides in real food samples

At present, pesticides are widely used in the cultivation of crops. Glyphosate is widely used in many pesticides. Glyphosate ingestion can cause a series of health problems. Therefore, this paper proposes to use localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) technology to develop a WaveFlex biosensor (plasma wave-based optical fiber sensor) to detect glyphosate concentration in pesticides. The evanescent field is improved by using the fusion of seven-core fiber and single-mode fiber and the tapering of the sensing area to improve the sensing performance. The gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) are used to excite the LSPR effect. Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and cerium oxide nanorods (CeO2-NRs) are used to increase the surface area and promote the adhesion of the enzyme. The sensitivity of the sensor is 137.7 pm/µM in the range of 0-60 µM glyphosate concentration, and the limit of detection (LoD) is 1.94 µM, which has good performance in compared to the existing biosensors. Subsequently, the sensor was tested for reusability, reproducibility, selectivity, stability, and excellent results were obtained. Finally, the sensor is tested on real samples, and the results show that it can be applied in practical applications. The test findings demonstrate that the sensor has a great deal of potential for use in glyphosate content detection in food samples.

Advances in flame synthesis of nano-scale architectures for chemical, biomolecular, plasmonic, and light sensing

Flame spray pyrolysis (FSP), a key technique under the broader category of flame aerosol synthesis, is being increasingly explored for the design of advanced miniaturized sensor architectures with applications including chemical, biomolecular, plasmonic, and light sensing. This review provides an overview of the advantages of FSP for the fabrication of nanostructured materials for sensing, delving into synthesis strategies and material structures that meet the increasing demands for miniaturized sensor devices. We focus on the fundamentals of FSP, discussing reactor configurations and how process parameters such as precursor compositions, flow rates, and temperature influence nanoparticle characteristics and their sensing performance. A detailed analysis of nanostructures, compositions, and morphologies made by FSP and their applications in chemical, chemiresistive, plasmonic, biosensing, and light sensing is presented. This review identifies the challenges and opportunities of FSP, exploring current limitations and potential improvements for industrial translation. We conclude by highlighting future research directions aiming to establish guidelines for the flame-based design of nano-scale sensing architectures.