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Rubio-San-Simón A, van Eijkelenburg NKA, Hoogendijk R, Hasle H, Niemeyer CM, Dworzak MN, Zecca M, Lopez-Yurda M, Janssen JM, Huitema ADR, van den Heuvel-Eibrink MM, Laille EJ, van Tinteren H, Zwaan CM. Azacitidine (Vidaza ®) in Pediatric Patients with Relapsed Advanced MDS and JMML: Results of a Phase I/II Study by the ITCC Consortium and the EWOG-MDS Group (Study ITCC-015). Paediatr Drugs 2023; 25:719-728. [PMID: 37695474 DOI: 10.1007/s40272-023-00588-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Advanced myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) and juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia (JMML) are rare hematological malignancies in children. A second allograft is recommended if a relapse occurs after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, but the outcome is poor. OBJECTIVE We conducted a phase I/II multicenter study to evaluate the safety, pharmacokinetics, and activity of azacitidine in children with relapsed MDS/JMML prior to the second hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. METHODS Patients enrolled from June 2013 to March 2019 received azacitidine intravenously/subcutaneously once daily on days 1-7 of a 28-day cycle. The MDS and JMML cohorts followed a two-stage design separately, with a safety run-in for JMML. Response and safety data were used to evaluate efficacy and establish the recommended dose. Pharmacokinetics was also analyzed. The study closed prematurely because of low recruitment. RESULTS Six patients with MDS and four patients with JMML received a median of three and five cycles, respectively. Azacitidine 75 mg/m2 was well tolerated and plasma concentration-time profiles were similar to observed in adults. The most prevalent grade 3-4 adverse event was myelotoxicity. No responses were seen in patients with MDS, but 83% achieved stable disease; four patients underwent an allotransplant. Overall response rate in the JMML cohort was 75% (two complete responses; one partial response) and all responders underwent hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. One-year overall survival was 67% (95% confidence interval 38-100) in MDS and 50% (95% confidence interval 19-100) in JMML. CONCLUSIONS Azacitidine 75 mg/m2 prior to a second hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is safe in children with relapsed MDS/JMML. Although the long-term advantage remains to be assessed, this study suggests that azacitidine is an efficacious option for relapsed JMML. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION EudraCT 2010-022235-10.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alba Rubio-San-Simón
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Princess Maxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
- Department of Pediatric Oncology/Hematology, Niño Jesús Children's Hospital, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Natasha K A van Eijkelenburg
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Princess Maxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Pediatric Oncology/Hematology, Erasmus MC-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Raoull Hoogendijk
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Princess Maxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Pediatric Oncology/Hematology, Erasmus MC-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Henrik Hasle
- Department of Pediatrics, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Charlotte M Niemeyer
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Center for Pediatrics, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Michael N Dworzak
- St. Anna Children's Cancer Research Institute, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Pediatrics, St. Anna Children's Hospital, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Marco Zecca
- Department of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Marta Lopez-Yurda
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Princess Maxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Biometrics, The Netherlands Cancer Institute-Antoni van Leeuwenhoek, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Julie M Janssen
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute-Antoni van Leeuwenhoek, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Alwin D R Huitema
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute-Antoni van Leeuwenhoek, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Pharmacology, Princess Maxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Marry M van den Heuvel-Eibrink
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Princess Maxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Pediatric Oncology/Hematology, Erasmus MC-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Eric J Laille
- Cellectis, New York, NY, USA
- Bristol Myers Squibb/Celgene, Summit, NJ, USA
| | - Harm van Tinteren
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Princess Maxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Christian M Zwaan
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Princess Maxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Pediatric Oncology/Hematology, Erasmus MC-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- European Consortium for Innovative Therapies for Children with Cancer (ITCC), Villejuif, France
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Han Y, Yao H, He GC, Lai SH, Deng Y, Zhang S, He Y, Xiong YS, Chang AH, Su Y, Yi H. Demethylating agents in combination with CD7-targeted CAR-T for the successful treatment of a case with mixed-phenotype acute leukemia relapsed after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: A Case Report. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1254010. [PMID: 37841245 PMCID: PMC10569455 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1254010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) has cured many patients with malignant hematologic diseases such as mixed phenotype acute leukemia (MPAL), while those relapsing after allo-HSCT still exhibit high mortality, poor prognosis, and no standard treatment modalities. It is necessary to explore more therapeutic modalities for patients with post-transplant relapse to obtain a better prognosis. Case presentation In this case report, a young male with MPAL received allo-HSCT after reaching complete remission (CR) by induction chemotherapy. Unfortunately, relapse of both myeloid and T lineages occurred nine months later. After receiving demethylating chemotherapy, myeloid lineage measurable residual disease (MRD) turned negative. T-lineage MRD turned negative after CD7-targeted chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapy. The bone marrow remained MRD-negative for 4 months. This case preliminarily demonstrated a long-lasting CR with CD7-targeted CAR-T cell therapy, allowing a better prognosis. Conclusion Demethylating drugs combined with CD7-targeted CAR-T cell therapy is feasible in treating MPAL patients with relapse after transplantation, with good efficacy and safety, which will be a promising treatment option for MPAL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Han
- Department of Hematology, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, PLA, Chengdu, China
| | - Hao Yao
- Department of Hematology, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, PLA, Chengdu, China
| | - Guang-cui He
- Department of Hematology, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, PLA, Chengdu, China
| | - Si-han Lai
- Department of Hematology, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, PLA, Chengdu, China
| | - Yan Deng
- Department of Hematology, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, PLA, Chengdu, China
| | - Shan Zhang
- Department of Hematology, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, PLA, Chengdu, China
| | - Ying He
- Department of Hematology, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, PLA, Chengdu, China
| | - Yi-song Xiong
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, PLA, Chengdu, China
| | - Alex H. Chang
- Engineering Research Center of Gene Technology, Ministry of Education, Institute of Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai YaKe Biotechnology Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Su
- Department of Hematology, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, PLA, Chengdu, China
| | - Hai Yi
- Department of Hematology, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, PLA, Chengdu, China
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3
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Gandhi AP, Lee CJ. Telemedicine in Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation and Chimeric Antigen Receptor-T Cell Therapy. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:4108. [PMID: 37627136 PMCID: PMC10452361 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15164108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Telemedicine has played an important role in delivering healthcare for primary care, chronic disease patients, and those with solid organ malignancies. However, its application in subspecialties such as hematologic malignancies, hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT), or chimeric antigen receptor-T cell (CAR-T) therapy is not widespread since physical examination is a vital component in delivering care. During the COVID-19 pandemic, we widely used telemedicine, since protecting our immunocompromised patients became our top priority. The employment of HCT and CAR-T therapies continues to grow for high-risk hematologic malignancies, particularly in older and frail patients who must visit specialty centers for treatment access. Generally, HCT and CAR-T therapy care is highly complex, necessitating commitment from patients, caregivers, and a multidisciplinary team at specialty academic centers. All healthcare systems adapted to the crisis and implemented rapid changes during the COVID-19 public health emergency (PHE). Telemedicine, a vital modality for delivering healthcare in underserved areas, experienced rapid expansion, regardless of the geographic region, during the COVID-19 PHE. The data emerging from practices implemented during the PHE are propelling the field of telemedicine forward, particularly for specialties with complex medical treatments such as HCT and CAR-T therapy. In this review, we examine the current data on telemedicine in HCT and cellular therapy care models for the acute and long-term care of our patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arpita P. Gandhi
- Center for Hematologic Malignancies, Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Catherine J. Lee
- Fred Hutch Cancer Research Center, Clinical Research Division, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
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Puckrin R, Shafey M, Storek J. The role of allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation for chronic lymphocytic leukemia: A review. Front Oncol 2023; 12:1105779. [PMID: 36741737 PMCID: PMC9889653 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1105779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Although the use of allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) for chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) has declined with the development of novel targeted agents, it continues to play an important role for eligible patients with high-risk or heavily pretreated CLL who lack other treatment options. CLL is susceptible to a potent graft-versus-leukemia (GVL) effect which produces long-lasting remissions in 30-50% of transplanted patients. While allogeneic HCT is associated with significant risks of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), infection, and non-relapse mortality (NRM), improvements in patient and donor selection, reduced intensity conditioning (RIC), GVHD prophylaxis, and supportive care have rendered this an increasingly safe and effective procedure in the current era. In this review, we discuss recent advances in allogeneic HCT for CLL, with a focus on the optimal evidence-based strategies to maximize benefit and minimize toxicity of this potentially curative cellular therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jan Storek
- Department of Hematology and Hematologic Malignancies, Tom Baker Cancer Centre and University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
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Hong S, Rybicki L, Gurnari C, Pagliuca S, Zhang A, Thomas D, Visconte V, Durrani J, Sobecks RM, Kalaycio M, Gerds AT, Carraway HE, Mukherjee S, Sekeres MA, Advani AS, Majhail NS, Hamilton BK, Patel BJ, Maciejewski JP. Pattern of somatic mutation changes after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation for acute myeloid leukemia and myelodysplastic syndromes. Bone Marrow Transplant 2022; 57:1615-1619. [PMID: 35896698 PMCID: PMC10846350 DOI: 10.1038/s41409-022-01762-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sanghee Hong
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center/ Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Lisa Rybicki
- Department of Quantitative Health Science, Lerner Resesarch Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Carmelo Gurnari
- Department of Translational Hematology and Oncology Research, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Simona Pagliuca
- Department of Translational Hematology and Oncology Research, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Department of Clinical Hematology, CHRU de Nancy, Nancy, France
| | - Aiwen Zhang
- Allogen Laboratories, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Dawn Thomas
- Allogen Laboratories, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Valeria Visconte
- Department of Translational Hematology and Oncology Research, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Jibran Durrani
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ronald M Sobecks
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Matt Kalaycio
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Aaron T Gerds
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Hetty E Carraway
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Sudipto Mukherjee
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Mikkael A Sekeres
- Division of Hematology, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Anjali S Advani
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | | | - Betty K Hamilton
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Bhumika J Patel
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Jaroslaw P Maciejewski
- Department of Translational Hematology and Oncology Research, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA.
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA.
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Lee P, Yim R, Yung Y, Chu HT, Yip PK, Gill H. Molecular Targeted Therapy and Immunotherapy for Myelodysplastic Syndrome. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:10232. [PMID: 34638574 PMCID: PMC8508686 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) is a heterogeneous, clonal hematological disorder characterized by ineffective hematopoiesis, cytopenia, morphologic dysplasia, and predisposition to acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Stem cell genomic instability, microenvironmental aberrations, and somatic mutations contribute to leukemic transformation. The hypomethylating agents (HMAs), azacitidine and decitabine are the standard of care for patients with higher-risk MDS. Although these agents induce responses in up to 40-60% of patients, primary or secondary drug resistance is relatively common. To improve the treatment outcome, combinational therapies comprising HMA with targeted therapy or immunotherapy are being evaluated and are under continuous development. This review provides a comprehensive update of the molecular pathogenesis and immune-dysregulations involved in MDS, mechanisms of resistance to HMA, and strategies to overcome HMA resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Harinder Gill
- Division of Haematology, Medical Oncology and Haemopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Department of Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; (P.L.); (R.Y.); (Y.Y.); (H.-T.C.); (P.-K.Y.)
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