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Agarwal S, Farhat K, Khan MS, DeSimone CV, Deshmukh A, Munir MB, Asad ZUA, Stavrakis S. Sex differences in atrial fibrillation ablation outcomes in patients with heart failure. J Interv Card Electrophysiol 2024:10.1007/s10840-024-01833-8. [PMID: 38811501 DOI: 10.1007/s10840-024-01833-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a lack of data on the impact of sex on the outcomes of patients with heart failure (HF) undergoing atrial fibrillation (AF) ablation. We aimed to analyze the association of sex with outcomes of atrial fibrillation ablation in patients with heart failure. METHODS The National Readmissions Database (NRD) was analyzed from 2016 to 2019 to identify patients ≥ 18 years old with heart failure (HF) undergoing AF ablation. The outcomes of interest included peri-procedural complications, in-hospital mortality, resource utilization, and unplanned 1-year readmissions. The final cohort was divided into patients with HFrEF and HFpEF and outcomes were compared between males and females in both cohorts. RESULTS A total of 23,277 patients with HF underwent AF ablation between 2016 and 2019, of which 14,480 had HFrEF and 8,797 had HFpEF. Among patients with HFrEF, 61.6% were males and 38.4% were females whereas, among patients with HFpEF, 35.4% were males and 64.6% were females. On a multivariable-adjusted analysis, in patients with HFrEF, there was no difference in the odds of in-hospital mortality, peri-procedural complications, or 1-year HF-related/AF-related/all-cause readmissions between males and females. In patients with HFpEF, females had a higher risk 1-year HF-related readmissions (adjusted hazards ratio: 1.46; 95% CI: 1.13-1.87; p = 0.01), without any difference in the 1-year AF-related/all-cause readmissions, in-hospital mortality, or peri-procedural complications. CONCLUSION Our results show that females with HFrEF undergoing AF ablation have similar outcomes whereas females with HFpEF have higher 1-year HF readmissions with no difference in the other outcomes, compared to males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siddharth Agarwal
- Department of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Kassem Farhat
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, Waterbury, CT, USA
| | - Muhammad Salman Khan
- Department of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | | | | | - Muhammad Bilal Munir
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Zain Ul Abideen Asad
- Department of Cardiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 800 Stanton L Young Blvd, Suite 5400, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Stavros Stavrakis
- Department of Cardiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 800 Stanton L Young Blvd, Suite 5400, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA.
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Burg S, Levi O, Elyagon S, Shapiro S, Murninkas M, Etzion S, Gradwohl G, Makarovsky D, Lichtenstein A, Gordon Y, Attali B, Etzion Y. The SK4 channel allosteric blocker, BA6b9, reduces atrial fibrillation substrate in rats with reduced ejection fraction. PNAS NEXUS 2024; 3:pgae192. [PMID: 38783894 PMCID: PMC11114471 DOI: 10.1093/pnasnexus/pgae192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Atrial fibrillation (AF), the most common cardiac arrhythmia, is strongly associated with several comorbidities including heart failure (HF). AF in general, and specifically in the context of HF, is progressive in nature and associated with poor clinical outcomes. Current therapies for AF are limited in number and efficacy and do not target the underlying causes of atrial remodeling such as inflammation or fibrosis. We previously identified the calcium-activated SK4 K+ channels, which are preferentially expressed in the atria relative to the ventricles in both rat and human hearts, as attractive druggable target for AF treatment. Here, we examined the ability of BA6b9, a novel allosteric inhibitor of SK4 channels that targets the specific calmodulin-PIP2 binding domain, to alter AF susceptibility and atrial remodeling in a systolic HF rat postmyocardial infarction (post-MI) model. Daily BA6b9 injection (20 mg/kg/day) for 3 weeks starting 1-week post-MI prolonged the atrial effective refractory period, reduced AF induction and duration, and dramatically prevented atrial structural remodeling. In the post-MI left atrium (LA), pronounced upregulation of the SK4 K+ channel was observed, with corresponding increases in collagen deposition, α-SMA levels, and NLRP3 inflammasome expression. Strikingly, BA6b9 treatment reversed these changes while also significantly reducing the lateralization of the atrial connexin Cx43 in the LA of post-MI rats. Our findings indicate that the blockade of SK4 K+ channels using BA6b9 not only favors rhythm control but also remarkably reduces atrial structural remodeling, a property that is highly desirable for novel AF therapies, particularly in patients with comorbid HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shira Burg
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine and Sagol School of Neurosciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Or Levi
- Cardiac Arrhythmia Research Laboratory, Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel
- Regenerative Medicine & Stem Cell Research Center, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel
| | - Sigal Elyagon
- Cardiac Arrhythmia Research Laboratory, Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel
- Regenerative Medicine & Stem Cell Research Center, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel
| | - Shir Shapiro
- Cardiac Arrhythmia Research Laboratory, Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel
- Regenerative Medicine & Stem Cell Research Center, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel
| | - Michael Murninkas
- Cardiac Arrhythmia Research Laboratory, Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel
- Regenerative Medicine & Stem Cell Research Center, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel
| | - Sharon Etzion
- Regenerative Medicine & Stem Cell Research Center, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel
| | - Gideon Gradwohl
- Medical Engineering Unit, The Jerusalem College of Technology, Jerusalem 9116001, Israel
| | - Daria Makarovsky
- Inter-Departmental Core Facility, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Alexandra Lichtenstein
- Inter-Departmental Core Facility, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Yaara Gordon
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Bernard Attali
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine and Sagol School of Neurosciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Yoram Etzion
- Cardiac Arrhythmia Research Laboratory, Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel
- Regenerative Medicine & Stem Cell Research Center, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel
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Bulhões E, Antunes VLJ, Mazetto R, Defante MLR, Garcia AC, Guida C. Catheter ablation versus medical therapy for atrial fibrillation in patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Heart Rhythm 2024:S1547-5271(24)02385-3. [PMID: 38621498 DOI: 10.1016/j.hrthm.2024.04.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The benefit of catheter ablation in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) for patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) remains uncertain. OBJECTIVE We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to compare catheter ablation and medical therapy (antiarrhythmics for rhythm or rate control) in patients with AF and HFpEF. METHODS We searched PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials. Outcomes were the composite end points of death or heart failure (HF) hospitalization, all-cause death, cardiovascular death, all-cause rehospitalization, and HF hospitalization. Statistical analysis was performed using the R program (version 4.3.2). Heterogeneity was assessed with I2 statistics. RESULTS We included 20,257 patients from 8 studies. Of those, 3 were derived from RCTs, either through post hoc analysis or subgroup analysis, and 5 were observational studies. The median follow-up ranged from 24.6 to 61.2 months. Compared with medical therapy, catheter ablation was associated with a statistically significant lower risk of death or HF hospitalization (hazard ratio [HR] 0.62; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.47-0.83; P = .001; I2 = 66%), all-cause death (HR 0.68; 95% CI 0.46-0.99; P = .047; I2 = 61%), cardiovascular death (HR 0.42; 95% CI 0.21-0.84; P = .014; I2 = 22%), and HF hospitalization (HR 0.43; 95% CI 0.23-0.82; P = .011; I2 = 87%). CONCLUSION In this meta-analysis, catheter ablation was associated with a lower risk of all-cause mortality, cardiovascular death, HF hospitalization, and all-cause rehospitalization in comparison to medical therapy in patients with AF and HFpEF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elísio Bulhões
- Faculty of Higher Superior of the Amazon Reunida, Medicine Department, Redenção, Pará, Brazil.
| | - Vanio L J Antunes
- Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre, Medicine Department, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Roberto Mazetto
- Amazonas State University, Medicine Department, Manaus, Brazil
| | | | - Anselmo C Garcia
- Goiás Military Police Hospital, Division of Cardiology, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Camila Guida
- Dante Pazzanese Institute of Cardiology, Division of Cardiology, São Paulo, Brazil
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Marvi F, Jafari K, Shahabadi M, Tabarzad M, Ghorbani-Bidkorpeh F, Azad T. Ultrasensitive detection of vital biomolecules based on a multi-purpose BioMEMS for Point of care testing: digoxin measurement as a case study. Sci Rep 2024; 14:1633. [PMID: 38238435 PMCID: PMC10796958 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-51864-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Rapid and label-free detection of very low concentrations of biomarkers in disease diagnosis or therapeutic drug monitoring is essential to prevent disease progression in Point of Care Testing. For this purpose, we propose a multi-purpose optical Bio-Micro-Electro-Mechanical-System (BioMEMS) sensing platform which can precisely measure very small changes of biomolecules concentrations in plasma-like buffer samples. This is realized by the development of an interferometric detection method on highly sensitive MEMS transducers (cantilevers). This approach facilitates the precise analysis of the obtained results to determine the analyte type and its concentrations. Furthermore, the proposed multi-purpose platform can be used for a wide range of biological assessments in various concentration levels by the use of an appropriate bioreceptor and the control of its coating density on the cantilever surface. In this study, the present system is prepared for the identification of digoxin medication in its therapeutic window for therapeutic drug monitoring as a case study. The experimental results represent the repeatability and stability of the proposed device as well as its capability to detect the analytes in less than eight minutes for all samples. In addition, according to the experiments carried out for very low concentrations of digoxin in plasma-like buffer, the detection limit of LOD = 300 fM and the maximum sensitivity of S = 5.5 × 1012 AU/M are achieved for the implemented biosensor. The present ultrasensitive multi-purpose BioMEMS sensor can be a fully-integrated, cost-effective device to precisely analyze various biomarker concentrations for various biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahimeh Marvi
- CenBRAIN Neurotech Center of Excellence, School of Engineering, Westlake University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kian Jafari
- Mechanical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Université de Sherbrooke, 2500 Boul. de l'Université, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada.
- Interdisciplinary Institute for Technological Innovation (3IT), Université de Sherbrooke (UdeS), Quebec, J1K 2R1, Canada.
| | - Mahmoud Shahabadi
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Tabarzad
- Protein Technology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Ghorbani-Bidkorpeh
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Taha Azad
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, J1E 4K8, Canada
- Centre de Recherche du CHUS, Sherbrooke, QC, J1H 5N4, Canada
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Wu Y, Nam Y, Yurkova I, Rich A, Gao L. Early referrals save lives in advanced heart failure. J Am Assoc Nurse Pract 2024; 36:77-82. [PMID: 37882704 DOI: 10.1097/jxx.0000000000000955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Heart failure (HF) is a chronic, progressive medical condition that can quickly cause deterioration of the patient's medical and functional status. Delay of HF diagnosis and improper treatment can lead to catastrophic patient outcomes. This case report describes a 62-year-old with HF with reduced ejection fraction secondary to nonischemic cardiomyopathy, s/p cardiac resynchronization therapy defibrillator in 2020. He presented to the emergency department for worsening shortness of breath and chest pain for 3 days and subsequently had cardiac arrest. The patient eventually underwent a successful implantation of left ventricular assist device as a bridge to transplant. Timely referral yields a better patient outcome. This case study illustrates a clinical pathway that can be used by primary care providers when considering referral of a patient with advanced HF (AHF) to an AHF center for management and possible advanced therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wu
- Advanced Heart Failure Comprehensive Center, University of California San Francisco Health San Francisco, California
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Alrabadi N, Al-Nusair M, El-Zubi FK, Tashtoush M, Alzoubi O, Khamis S, Masadeh MM, Alzoubi KH, Al-Hiari M, Hammoudeh A. Evaluation of Clinical, Echocardiographic, and Therapeutic Characteristics, and Prognostic Outcomes of Coexisting Heart Failure among Patients with Atrial Fibrillation: The Jordan Atrial Fibrillation (JoFib) Study. Curr Vasc Pharmacol 2024; 22:58-66. [PMID: 38038004 DOI: 10.2174/0115701611260211231115094716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most commonly encountered cardiac arrhythmia in clinical practice. Heart failure (HF) can occur concurrently with AF. AIM We compared different demographic, clinical, and echocardiographic characteristics between patients with AF+HF and patients with AF only. Furthermore, we explored whether concurrent HF independently predicts several outcomes (all-cause mortality, cardiovascular mortality, ischemic stroke/systemic embolism (IS/SE), major bleeding, and clinically relevant non-major bleeding (CRNMB)). MATERIALS AND METHODS Comparisons between the AF+HF and the AF-only group were carried out. Multivariable Cox proportional hazard models were constructed for each outcome to assess whether HF was predictive of any of them while controlling for possible confounding factors. RESULTS A total of 2020 patients were included in this study: 481 had AF+HF; 1539 had AF only. AF+HF patients were older, more commonly males, and had a higher prevalence of diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, coronary artery disease, and chronic kidney disease (p≤0.05). Furthermore, AF+HF patients more commonly had pulmonary hypertension and low ejection fraction (p≤0.001). Finally, HF was independently predictive of all-cause mortality (adjusted HR 2.17, 95% CI (1.66-2.85) and cardiovascular mortality (adjusted HR 2.37, 95% CI (1.68-3.36). CONCLUSION Coexisting AF+HF was associated with a more labile and higher-risk population among Jordanian patients. Furthermore, coexisting HF independently predicted higher all-cause mortality and cardiovascular mortality. Efforts should be made to efficiently identify such cases early and treat them aggressively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasr Alrabadi
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, 22110, Jordan
| | - Mohammed Al-Nusair
- Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Farah K El-Zubi
- Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Mais Tashtoush
- Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Osama Alzoubi
- Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Sa'ed Khamis
- Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Majd M Masadeh
- Discipline of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Karem H Alzoubi
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Pharmacotherapeutics, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Mohammed Al-Hiari
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, West Virginia, USA
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Hu JR, Schwann AN, Tan JW, Nuqali A, Riello RJ, Beasley MH. Sequencing Quadruple Therapy for Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction: Does It Really Matter? Cardiol Clin 2023; 41:511-524. [PMID: 37743074 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccl.2023.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
The conventional sequence of guideline-directed medical therapy (GDMT) initiation in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) assumes that the effectiveness and tolerability of GDMT agents mirror their order of discovery, which is not true. In this review, the authors discuss flexible GDMT sequencing that should be permitted in special populations, such as patients with bradycardia, chronic kidney disease, or atrial fibrillation. Moreover, the initiation of certain GDMT medications may enable tolerance of other GDMT medications. Most importantly, the achievement of partial doses of all four pillars of GDMT is better than achievement of target dosing of only a couple.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiun-Ruey Hu
- Clinical and Translational Research Accelerator, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA. https://twitter.com/ruey_hu
| | - Alexandra N Schwann
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale New Haven Hospital, P.O. Box 208030, New Haven, CT, 06520-8030, USA. https://twitter.com/aschwann212
| | - Jia Wei Tan
- Division of Nephrology, Stanford University School of Medicine, 780 Welch Road, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA. https://twitter.com/jiiiiawei
| | - Abdulelah Nuqali
- Clinical and Translational Research Accelerator, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA. https://twitter.com/AbdulelahNuqali
| | - Ralph J Riello
- Clinical and Translational Research Accelerator, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA. https://twitter.com/ralphadelta
| | - Michael H Beasley
- Clinical and Translational Research Accelerator, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
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Ma G, Fang L, Lin X, Gao P, Fang Q. Validation of E/e' Using the Index-Beat Method as an Estimate of Left Atrial Pressure in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation. Cardiology 2023; 148:418-426. [PMID: 37517396 DOI: 10.1159/000532071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Echocardiographic assessment of diastolic function during atrial fibrillation (AF) remains challenging due to the irregular cardiac cycle length. We sought to assess whether the index-beat method, the beat following two preceding cardiac cycles of equal duration, could provide a more reliable measurement of E/e' (mitral E wave/diastolic tissue Doppler velocity) than the conventional averaging of consecutive beats and hence facilitate the noninvasive estimation of elevated left atrial pressure (LAP) in patients with AF. METHODS We prospectively studied 35 patients with persistent AF who had preserved left ventricular ejection fraction and underwent radiofrequency ablation. LAP was measured in conjunction with transseptal puncture during catheter ablation. Echocardiography was performed 24 h before ablation and E/e' was determined using the recommended averaging of 10 beats and the index-beat method, with the observers blinded to the clinical details and LAP measurements. RESULTS Correlation analysis showed a strong positive correlation between two methods in terms of both septal E/e' (r = 0.841, p < 0.001) and lateral E/e' (r = 0.930, p < 0.001). Bland-Altman analysis also showed a good agreement between the two measurement methods in terms of E/e'. E/e' determined using both conventional averaging and the index-beat method was significantly correlated with LAP (p < 0.05). After Fisher Z transformation, we found that the index-beat septal E/e' had a better correlation with LAP than did the conventional averaging E/e' (r = 0.736 vs. r = 0.392, Zr = -2.110, p = 0.035). Furthermore, the index-beat method took significantly less time to measure E/e' (mean 33.6 s; 95% confidence intervals [CIs]: 32.1 s-36.2 s) than did conventional averaging method (mean 96.2 s; 95% CI: 90.2 s-102.3 s; p < 0.001). Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis revealed that the optimal cut-off for predicting mean LAP >12 mm Hg was 11 (sensitivity 100%; specificity 77.3%) for index-beat septal E/e' and 16 (sensitivity 61.5%; specificity 95.5%) for index-beat lateral E/e'. CONCLUSIONS Good correlations were found between E/e' and LAP in patients with AF, particularly with the index-beat method. Moreover, the index-beat method can easily measure E/e' at an accuracy similar to that for the conventional averaging of consecutive beats, which can therefore be applied to assess the diastolic dysfunction and potentially improve the diagnosis of heart failure in patients with AF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaigai Ma
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ligang Fang
- Department of Cardiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xue Lin
- Department of Cardiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Gao
- Department of Cardiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Quan Fang
- Department of Cardiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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Ayub MT, Rangavajla G, Thoma F, Mulukutla S, Aronis K, Bhonsale A, Kancharla K, Voigt A, Shalaby A, Estes NAM, Jain S, Saba S. Relative Contribution of Atrial Fibrillation to Outcomes of Patients With Cardiomyopathy Based on Severity of Left Ventricular Dysfunction. Am J Cardiol 2023; 198:9-13. [PMID: 37182255 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2023.04.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
In patients with left ventricular (LV) dysfunction, the risk of death or heart failure hospitalizations (HFHs) increases with worsening ejection fraction (EF). Whether the relative contribution of atrial fibrillation (AF) to outcomes is more pronounced in patients with worse EF is not confirmed. The present study aimed to investigate the relative influence of AF on the outcome of cardiomyopathy patients by severity of LV dysfunction. In this observational study, data from 18,003 patients with EF ≤50% seen at a large academic institution between 2011 and 2017 were analyzed. Patients were stratified by EF quartiles (EF<25%, 25%≤EF<35%, 35%≤EF<40%, and EF≥40%, for quartiles 1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively). and followed to the end point of death or HFH. Outcomes of AF versus non-AF patients were compared within each EF quartile. During a median follow-up of 3.35 years, 8,037 patients (45%) died and 7,271 (40%) had at least 1 HFH. Rates of HFH and all-cause mortality increased as EF decreased. The hazard ratios (HRs) of death or HFH for AF versus non-AF patients increased steadily with increasing EF (HR of 1.22, 1.27, 1.45, 1.50 for quartiles 1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively, p = 0.045) driven primarily by the risk of HFH (HR of 1.26, 1.45, 1.59, 1.69 for quartiles 1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively, p = 0.045). In conclusion, in patients with LV dysfunction, the detrimental influence of AF on the risk of HFH is more pronounced in those with more preserved EF. Mitigation strategies for AF with the goal of decreasing HFH may be more impactful in patients with more preserved LV function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mumammad Talha Ayub
- The Heart and Vascular Institute at the University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Gautam Rangavajla
- The Heart and Vascular Institute at the University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Floyd Thoma
- The Heart and Vascular Institute at the University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Suresh Mulukutla
- The Heart and Vascular Institute at the University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Konstantinos Aronis
- The Heart and Vascular Institute at the University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Aditya Bhonsale
- The Heart and Vascular Institute at the University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Krishna Kancharla
- The Heart and Vascular Institute at the University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Andrew Voigt
- The Heart and Vascular Institute at the University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Alaa Shalaby
- The Heart and Vascular Institute at the University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Nathan Anthony Mark Estes
- The Heart and Vascular Institute at the University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Sandeep Jain
- The Heart and Vascular Institute at the University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Samir Saba
- The Heart and Vascular Institute at the University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
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Krittayaphong R, Chichareon P, Komoltri C, Sairat P, Lip GYH. Predicting Heart Failure in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation: A Report from the Prospective COOL-AF Registry. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12041265. [PMID: 36835801 PMCID: PMC9967148 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12041265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to determine risk factors and incidence rate and develop a predictive risk model for heart failure for Asian patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). METHODS This is a prospective multicenter registry of patients with non-valvular AF in Thailand conducted between 2014 and 2017. The primary outcome was the occurrence of an HF event. A predictive model was developed using a multivariable Cox-proportional model. The predictive model was assessed using C-index, D-statistics, Calibration plot, Brier test, and survival analysis. RESULTS There were a total of 3402 patients (average age 67.4 years, 58.2% male) with mean follow-up duration of 25.7 ± 10.6 months. Heart failure occurred in 218 patients during follow-up, representing an incidence rate of 3.03 (2.64-3.46) per 100 person-years. There were ten HF clinical factors in the model. The predictive model developed from these factors had a C-index and D-statistic of 0.756 (95% CI: 0.737-0.775) and 1.503 (95% CI: 1.372-1.634), respectively. The calibration plots showed a good agreement between the predicted and observed model with the calibration slope of 0.838. The internal validation was confirmed using the bootstrap method. The Brier score indicated that the model had a good prediction for HF. CONCLUSIONS We provide a validated clinical HF predictive model for patients with AF, with good prediction and discrimination values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rungroj Krittayaphong
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +66-2-419-6104; Fax: +66-2-412-7412
| | - Ply Chichareon
- Cardiology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Songkla 90110, Thailand
| | - Chulalak Komoltri
- Department of Research Promotion, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
| | - Poom Sairat
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
| | - Gregory Y. H. Lip
- Liverpool Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Liverpool, Liverpool John Moores University and Liverpool Heart & Chest Hospital, Liverpool L14 3PE, UK
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, 9220 Aalborg, Denmark
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Hesse K. Target heart rate in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction and atrial fibrillation: Goldilocks zone. AMERICAN HEART JOURNAL PLUS : CARDIOLOGY RESEARCH AND PRACTICE 2022; 23:100218. [PMID: 38560658 PMCID: PMC10978401 DOI: 10.1016/j.ahjo.2022.100218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
The rates of atrial fibrillation (AF) and heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) continue to grow with many patients suffering from their combined impact on quality of life and prognosis. A lower heart rate (HR) in HFrEF is associated with reduced morbidity and mortality due to beta-blocker and ivabradine therapy. Postulated mechanisms include reduced neurohumoral activation, increased diastolic filling time and myocardial energy conservation. In contrast, the landmark randomised controlled non-inferiority RACE II trial demonstrated that a lenient rate control strategy (target HR <110 beats per minute [bpm]) was more attainable and safer than a strict rate control strategy (resting HR <80 bpm) in permanent AF. Physiologically, a higher HR is needed to compensate for the lost 'atrial kick' that contributes to the cardiac output by coordinated atrial contractions in normal sinus rhythm. This leaves the not insignificant number of patients with HFrEF and AF in a conundrum over optimal HR control. Retrospective analyses of AF and HR control in landmark HFrEF trials (e.g. CHARM, PARADIGM and ATMOSPHERE) point towards better outcomes with a less stringent target HR. However, this association disappears after adjustment for known prognostic markers in HFrEF, including left ventricular ejection fraction, New York Heart Association class and NT-proBNP levels. There is a clear need for dedicated randomised controlled trials, investigating rate control strategies in this increasingly large subgroup of patients. Regardless of rate control strategy, effective anti-coagulation and guideline-directed medical therapy must not be forgotten in the treatment of patients with HFrEF and AF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerrick Hesse
- Sunderland Royal Hospital, Kayll Road, Sunderland SR4 7TP, UK
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12
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Agbor VN, Tianyi FL, Aminde LN, Mbanga CM, Petnga SJN, Simo LP, Dzudie A, Chobufo MD, Noubiap JJ. Burden of atrial fibrillation among adults with heart failure in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e061618. [PMID: 36223967 PMCID: PMC9562316 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-061618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of atrial fibrillation (AF) in adults with heart failure (HF) and summarise the all-cause mortality ratio among adult patients with coexisting HF and AF in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). SETTING This was a systematic review and meta-analysis of cross-sectional and cohort studies with primary data on the prevalence and incidence of AF among patients with HF and the all-cause mortality ratio among patients with HF and AF in SSA. We combined text words and MeSH terms to search MEDLINE, PubMed and Global Health Library through Ovid SP, African Journals Online and African Index Medicus from database inception to 10 November 2021. Random-effects meta-analysis was used to estimate pooled prevalence. PRIMARY OUTCOME MEASURES The prevalence and incidence of AF among patients with HF, and the all-cause mortality ratio among patients with HF and AF. RESULTS Twenty-seven of the 1902 records retrieved from database searches were included in the review, totalling 9987 patients with HF. The pooled prevalence of AF among patients with HF was 15.6% (95% CI 12.0% to 19.6%). At six months, the all-cause mortality was 18.4% (95% CI 13.1% to 23.6%) in a multinational registry and 67.7% (95% CI 51.1% to 74.3%) in one study in Tanzania. The one-year mortality was 48.6% (95% CI 32.5% to 64.7%) in a study in the Democratic Republic of Congo. We did not find any study reporting the incidence of AF in HF. CONCLUSION AF is common among patients with HF in SSA, and patients with AF and HF have poor survival. There is an urgent need for large-scale population-based prospective data to reliably estimate the prevalence, incidence and risk of mortality of AF among HF patients in SSA to better understand the burden of AF in patients with HF in the region. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER CRD42018087564.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valirie Ndip Agbor
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Population Health Research, Health Education and Research Organisation, Buea, Southwest, Cameroon
| | | | - Leopold Ndemnge Aminde
- School of Medicine and Dentistry, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | | | - Saint Just N Petnga
- Kousseri Regional Hospital, Far-North Regional Delegation for Health, Kousseri, Cameroon
| | - Larissa Pone Simo
- General Practice, Dzeng Sub-divisional Hospital, Dzeng, Centre Region, Cameroon
| | - Anastase Dzudie
- Cardiology and Cardiac Pacing Unit, Department of Medicine, Douala General Hospital, Douala, Cameroon
| | - Muchi Ditah Chobufo
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases Heart and Vascular Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Jean Jacques Noubiap
- Centre for Heart Rhythm Disorders, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), University of Adelaide and Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, Australia, University of Adelaide CHRD, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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