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Song S, Gao Y, Feng S, Cheng Z, Huang H, Xue J, Zhang T, Sun H. Widespread occurrence of two typical N, N'-substituted p-phenylenediamines and their quinones in humans: Association with oxidative stress and liver damage. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 468:133835. [PMID: 38394895 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.133835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 02/11/2024] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
While N, N'-substituted p-phenylenediamines (PPDs) and their quinone derivatives (PPDQs) have been widely detected in the environment, there is currently limited data on their occurrence in humans. In this study, we conducted the first serum analysis of two PPDs and PPDQs in the healthy and secondary nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (S-NAFLD) cohorts in South China. The concentrations of four oxidative stress biomarkers (OSBs), namely, 8-iso-prostaglandin F2α (8-PGF2α), 11β-prostaglandin F2α (11-PGF2α), 15(R)-prostaglandin F2α (15-PGF2α), and 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine in serum samples were also measured. Results showed that N-(1,3-dimethybutyl)-N'-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine (6PPD) quinone was the predominant target analytes both in the healthy and S-NAFLD cohorts, with the median concentrations of 0.13 and 0.20 ng/mL, respectively. Significant (p < 0.05) and positive correlations were found between 6PPD concentration and 8-PGF2α, 11-PGF2α, and 15-PGF2α in both the healthy and S-NAFLD cohorts, indicating that 6PPD may be associated with lipid oxidative damage. In addition, concentrations of 6PPD in serum were associated significantly linked with total bilirubin (β = 0.180 μmol/L, 95%CI: 0.036-0.396) and direct bilirubin (DBIL, β = 0.321 μmol/L, 95%CI: 0.035-0.677) related to hepatotoxicity. Furthermore, 8-PGF2α, 11-PGF2α, and 15-PGF2α mediated 17.1%, 24.5%, and 16.6% of 6PPD-associated DBIL elevations, respectively. Conclusively, this study provides novel insights into human exposure to and hepatotoxicity assessment of PPDs and PPDQs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiming Song
- School of Chemistry and Environment, Jiaying University, Mei Zhou 514015, China; School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Yanxia Gao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Shuai Feng
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Zhipeng Cheng
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Haibao Huang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Jingchuan Xue
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Quality Improvement and Ecological Restoration for Watersheds, Institute of Environmental and Ecological Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China.
| | - Hongwen Sun
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
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Majid M, Yahya M, Ansah Owusu F, Bano S, Tariq T, Habib I, Kumar B, Kashif M, Varrassi G, Khatri M, Kumar S, Iqbal A, Khan AS. Challenges and Opportunities in Developing Tailored Pain Management Strategies for Liver Patients. Cureus 2023; 15:e50633. [PMID: 38226103 PMCID: PMC10789475 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.50633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Chronic liver illnesses pose a substantial worldwide health challenge, with various causes that span from viral infections to metabolic problems. Individuals suffering from liver problems frequently face distinct difficulties in pain control, requiring a customized strategy that takes into account both the fundamental disease and the complexities of liver function. The liver, a vital organ responsible for metabolic control and detoxification, is pivotal in multiple physiological processes. Chronic liver illnesses, such as cirrhosis and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), are marked by a gradual process of inflammation and fibrosis, resulting in reduced liver function. These disorders often come with pain, varying from internal discomfort to intense abdominal pain, which impacts the quality of life and general well-being of patients. The review explores the complex aspects of pain perception in liver illnesses, including inflammation, modified neuronal signaling, and the influence of comorbidities. It highlights the significance of a detailed comprehension of the pain experience in individuals with hepatic conditions for the implementation of successful pain management treatments. In addition, the review emphasizes the difficulties involved in treating pain in this group of patients, such as the possible complications linked to commonly prescribed pain relievers and the necessity for collaboration between hepatologists, pain specialists, and other healthcare professionals. Moreover, it examines new possibilities in the domain, such as the significance of innovative pharmacological substances, non-pharmacological treatments, and personalized medicine strategies designed for specific patient characteristics. This study thoroughly analyzes the difficulties and possibilities involved in creating personalized pain management approaches for individuals with liver conditions. Its purpose is to guide physicians, researchers, and healthcare providers, enabling them to implement more efficient and patient-focused interventions. As our comprehension of liver-related pain progresses, the potential for enhancing the quality of life for persons with chronic liver disorders through tailored pain management measures becomes more and more encouraging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manahil Majid
- General Medicine, Diana Princess of Wales Hospital, Grimsby, GBR
| | - Muhammad Yahya
- Medicine, Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences, Jamshoro, PAK
| | | | - Saira Bano
- Medicine, Faisalabad Medical College and University, Faisalabad, PAK
| | - Taha Tariq
- Medicine, Lahore Medical and Dental College, Lahore, PAK
| | - Iqra Habib
- Medicine, Mohtarma Benazir Bhutto Shaheed Medical College, Mirpur, PAK
| | - Beesham Kumar
- Medicine, Jinnah Medical and Dental College, Karachi, PAK
| | - Maham Kashif
- Medicine, Khawaja Muhammad Safdar Medical Collge, Sialkot, PAK
| | | | - Mahima Khatri
- Internal Medicine/Cardiology, Dow University of Health Sciences, Civil Hospital Karachi, Karachi, PAK
| | - Satesh Kumar
- Medicine, Shaheed Mohtarma Benazir Bhutto Medical College, Karachi, PAK
| | - Arham Iqbal
- Medicine and Surgery, Dow University of Health Sciences, Dow International Medical College, Karachi, PAK
| | - Alina S Khan
- Medicine, Liaquat National Hospital and Medical College, Karachi, PAK
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Khan AF, Kumar S, Samiullah F. Comment on: Prognostic Value Of Liver Damage Assessed Through Direct Bilirubin Levels And Skeleton Muscle Weakness In Patients With Heart Failure. Curr Probl Cardiol 2023; 48:101872. [PMID: 37302647 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpcardiol.2023.101872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Asfia Faheem Khan
- Peoples University of Medical and Health sciences, Nawabshah, Sindh, Pakistan.
| | - Satesh Kumar
- Shaheed Mohtarma Benazir Bhutto Medical College, Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan
| | - Fnu Samiullah
- Shaheed Mohtarma Benazir Bhutto Medical College, Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan
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