1
|
Ademiluyi A, Liang H, Aruin AS. The Effect of Additional Leg Supports in Control of Posture in Sitting. J Mot Behav 2023; 55:269-277. [PMID: 36809855 DOI: 10.1080/00222895.2023.2181751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
The objective of the study was to investigate the effect of leg supports on the anticipatory and compensatory postural adjustments of sitting subjects exposed to external perturbations in the anterior-posterior direction. Ten young participants received perturbations applied to the upper body while sitting on a stool with an anterior or posterior leg support and when using a footrest. Electromyographic activities of the trunk and leg muscles and center of pressure displacements were recorded and analyzed during the anticipatory and compensatory phases of postural control. Anticipatory activities were observed in the tibialis anterior, biceps femoris, and erector spinae muscles in the anterior leg support condition. Early onset of muscle activity was observed in the tibialis anterior, biceps femoris, rectus femoris, and erector spinae muscles in the posterior leg support condition compared to the feet support condition. Moreover, to maintain balance participants utilized co-contraction of muscles as the main mechanism of balance control in sitting regardless of the availability of the anterior or posterior leg support. There was no effect of a leg support on center of pressure displacements. The outcome of the study provides a background for future investigations of the effect of leg supports on control of balance in sitting when perturbed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adeolu Ademiluyi
- PhD Program in Rehabilitation Science, College of Applied Health Sciences, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Huaqing Liang
- School of Physical Therapy, Marshall University, Huntington, WV, USA
| | - Alexander S Aruin
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Pinho JP, Azevedo APS, Serrão JC, Forner-Cordero A, Amadio AC, Mezêncio B. Aging effects of haptic input on postural control under a dual-task paradigm. Exp Gerontol 2022; 168:111928. [PMID: 35987475 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2022.111928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Postural control relies on three principal sensory systems: vision, vestibular and proprioceptive; that are affected by aging. When performing a cognitive task concomitantly with a motor task, those sensory impairments lead to even greater deleterious effects on balance. We aimed to study the effects of a sensory aid (a light touch) on a dual task paradigm and sought to understand the different responses on balance due to aging. Fifty healthy and highly physical active women were divided in two groups: young (N = 25, 24.2 ± 4.0 years) and older adults (N = 25, 67.3 ± 4.2 years). In a random and balanced order, all participants performed five tasks: Stroop test while seated (Seated); Stroop test while standing quiet (ST); Standing quiet (BL); Standing quiet with a haptic input (LT); and Stroop test with a haptic input while standing quiet (SL). In the Stroop test, older women committed more errors (50 vs 11 errors, p < 0.001) and had higher reaction time (1.001 ± 0.191 vs 0.699 ± 0.081 s, p < 0.001). The haptic input (LT) reduced all body sway parameters, in both groups, regardless the condition. This means that postural control under a dual task paradigm (ST) deleterious effect can be mitigated by a haptic input.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- João Pedro Pinho
- Biomechanics Laboratory, School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, Brazil; Biomechatronics Laboratory, Department of Mechatronics and Mechanical Systems, Escola Politécnica of the University of São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Ana Paula Silva Azevedo
- Biomechanics Laboratory, School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Júlio Cerca Serrão
- Biomechanics Laboratory, School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Arturo Forner-Cordero
- Biomechatronics Laboratory, Department of Mechatronics and Mechanical Systems, Escola Politécnica of the University of São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Alberto Carlos Amadio
- Biomechanics Laboratory, School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Bruno Mezêncio
- Biomechanics Laboratory, School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Saccadic eye movement performance reduces visual manipulation influence and center of pressure displacements in older fallers. Exp Brain Res 2021; 240:395-406. [PMID: 34741190 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-021-06256-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/24/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
This study examined changes in postural control and gaze performance of faller and non-faller older adults under conditions of visual tasks and optical flow manipulations. Fifteen older non-fallers (69.8 years, ± 3.2) and fifteen older fallers (71.1 years, ± 6.4) stood on a force platform inside a moving room wearing an eye tracker. Four tasks were performed: gaze fixation; predictable saccades; unpredictable saccades; and free-viewing. The stimuli appeared at a frequency of 1.1 Hz during conditions of predictable and unpredictable saccades. Sixteen trials were divided into two blocks. In the first block, the room remained stationary. In the second block, the room oscillated, without the participant's awareness, with a 0.6 cm amplitude and 0.2 Hz frequency. Results showed postural sway attenuation in older fallers during the saccadic tasks compared to gaze fixation and free-viewing tasks, in both stationary and moving room conditions. Both groups showed increased center of pressure (CoP) magnitude during the moving room condition and CoP displacements strongly coupled to the room's movement. The influence of the moving room on the postural sway was reduced during the saccadic tasks for both older groups. Older fallers exhibited higher variability compared to older non-fallers. Gaze behavior differences between groups were dependent on the goals of the visual tasks. Therefore, CoP displacements of older adults are reduced during saccadic tasks regardless of their falling history. However, postural and gaze performance of older fallers suggests increased deterioration of postural and oculomotor control which may be used as a predictor of fall risk.
Collapse
|
4
|
Genoves GG, Cruz CF, Doná F, Andrade TAM, Ferraz HB, Barela JA. Detection of passive movement in lower limb joints is impaired in individuals with Parkinson's disease. Neurophysiol Clin 2021; 51:279-285. [PMID: 33934993 DOI: 10.1016/j.neucli.2021.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Sensory information is crucial when performing daily activities, and Parkinson's disease may diminish sensitivity to sensory cues. This study aimed to examine the detection threshold of passive motion of knee and ankle joints in individuals with Parkinson's disease. METHODS Eighteen individuals in the early stages of idiopathic Parkinson's disease (age: 62.7 ± 7.3 years) and 18 healthy matched controls (age: 62.5 ± 7.1 years) first performed a simple reaction time test. Participants were asked to perform ten trials, during which they had to watch a square on a screen and press a button as quickly as possible when the square lit up. Thereafter, the participants were tested for their detection threshold of passive motion of their lower limb joints. Participants were seated in a specially designed chair and their knee or ankle joint was passively moved at a velocity of 0.5º/s. Participants kept their eyes closed and were instructed to press a button as quickly as possible when any joint motion was detected. RESULTS Individuals with Parkinson's disease needed more time to perform the reaction time test than did the control participants. Individuals with Parkinson's disease also needed larger angular displacement, even when reaction time was used as a covariate measure, to detect any passive motion, in both knee (0.70º ± 0.20º) and ankle (1.03º ± 0.23º) joints than did the control participants [(0.57º ± 0.20º) and (0.84º ± 0.27º), respectively]. CONCLUSION Impaired joint proprioception can be observed in the early stages of Parkinson's disease, which may compromise the use of proprioception cues from lower limbs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Gracioli Genoves
- Institute of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences, Cruzeiro do Sul University, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Caio Ferraz Cruz
- Institute of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences, Cruzeiro do Sul University, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; School of Arts, Sciences and Humanities, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Flávia Doná
- Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | - José Angelo Barela
- Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University, Rio Claro, SP, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Postural control in paw distance after labyrinthectomy-induced vestibular imbalance. Med Biol Eng Comput 2020; 58:3039-3047. [PMID: 33079344 DOI: 10.1007/s11517-020-02276-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Balance control is accomplished by the anatomical link which provides the neural information for the coordination of skeletal muscles. However, there are few experimental proofs to directly show the neuroanatomical connection. Here, we examined the behavioral alterations by constructing an animal model with chemically induced unilateral labyrinthectomy (UL). In the experiment using rats (26 for UL, 14 for volume cavity, 355-498 g, male), the models were initially evaluated by the rota-rod (RR) test (21/26, 80.8%) and ocular displacement (23/26, 88.5%). The duration on the rolling rod decreased from 234.71 ± 64.25 s (4th trial before UL) to 11.81 ± 17.94 s (1st trial after UL). Also, the ocular skewed deviation (OSD) was observed in the model with left (5.79 ± 3.06°) and right lesion (3.74 ± 2.69°). Paw distance (PW) was separated as the front (FPW) and the hind side (HPW), and the relative changes of HPW (1.71 ± 1.20 cm) was larger than those of FPW (1.39 ± 1.06 cm), providing a statistical significance (p = 1.51 × 10-4, t test). Moreover, the results of the RR tests matched to those of the changing rates (18/21, 85.7%), and the changes (16/18, 88.9%) were dominantly observed in HPW (in FPW, 2/18, 11.1%). Current results indicated that the UL directly affected the changes in HPW more than those in FPW. In conclusion, the missing neural information from the peripheral vestibular system caused the abnormal posture in HPW, and the postural instability might reduce the performance during the voluntary movement shown in the RR test, identifying the relation between the walking imbalance and the unstable posture in PW. Graphical abstract.
Collapse
|
6
|
Associations between Age-Related Changes in the Core Vestibular Projection Pathway and Balance Ability: A Diffusion Tensor Imaging Study. Behav Neurol 2020; 2020:2825108. [PMID: 32104515 PMCID: PMC7036129 DOI: 10.1155/2020/2825108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Revised: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective We investigated the changes of the vestibulospinal tract (VST) and parietoinsular vestibular cortex (PIVC) using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and relation to balance between old and young healthy adults. Methods This study recruited eleven old adults (6 males, 5 females; mean age 63.36 ± 4.25 years) and 12 young adults (7 males, 5 females; mean age 28.42 ± 4.40 years). The lateral and medial VST and PIVC were reconstructed using DTI. Fractional anisotropy (FA), mean diffusivity (MD), and tract volume were measured. The six-minute walk test (6-MWT), the timed up and go test (TUG), and the Berg balance scale (BBS) were conducted. Spatiotemporal parameters during tandem gait and values of sway during one-leg standing using the wearable sensors were measured. All parameters between two groups were analyzed by the Mann-Whitney U test and independent t-test. Results Statistically significant decrease in old adults was detected in the tract volume of lateral (p = 0.005) and medial VST (p = 0.005) and medial VST (p = 0.005) and medial VST (p = 0.005) and medial VST (p = 0.005) and medial VST (p = 0.005) and medial VST (p = 0.005) and medial VST (p = 0.005) and medial VST (p = 0.005) and medial VST (p = 0.005) and medial VST (p = 0.005) and medial VST (p = 0.005) and medial VST (p = 0.005) and medial VST (p = 0.005) and medial VST (p = 0.005) and medial VST (. Conclusion The results suggested that there was a relationship between DTI parameters in the vestibular neural pathway and balance according to aging.
Collapse
|
7
|
In TS, Jung JH, Jang SH, Kim KH, Jung KS, Cho HY. Effects of Light Touch on Balance in Patients with Stroke. Open Med (Wars) 2019; 14:259-263. [PMID: 30997393 PMCID: PMC6463820 DOI: 10.1515/med-2019-0021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Light touch is the combination of cutaneous and kinesthetic inputs. The literature suggests that light touch compensates for a reduced amount of center of pressure information in older peoples, blind subjects and patients with neurological disorder. This study investigated the effects of light touch applied to an external bar, on the postural sway in individuals with hemiparetic stroke. We used a cross sectional study, fifteen individuals with stroke and 15 healthy age-matched adults stood as still as possible on a force plate. Experimental trials (duration, 30 s) included two visual conditions (open eyes and closed eyes), two somatosensory conditions (no touch and light touch) and two support surface conditions (firm and foam surfaces). The area of center of pressure (COP) and the mean velocity of COP in the medio-lateral and anterior-posterior directions were assessed. For both groups, COP velocity and area decreased with light touch regardless of the visual or surface conditions. The effects of light touch were similar in both groups. In addition, results show that the effectiveness of light touch in reducing postural sway was greater on a foam surface than on a firm surface. Our findings indicate that light touch could be beneficial in postural control for individuals with hemi-paretic stroke
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tae-Sung In
- Department of Physical Therapy, Gimcheon university, Gimcheon, Republic of Korea 214, Daehak-ro, Gimcheon, 39528, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Hwa Jung
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Semyung University, Jecheon, Republic of Korea, 65 Semyung-ro, Jecheon-si, Chungbuk, 390-711, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Hun Jang
- Department of Physical Therapy, Gimcheon university, Gimcheon, Republic of Korea 214, Daehak-ro, Gimcheon, 39528, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Hun Kim
- Department of Physical Therapy, Gimcheon university, Gimcheon, Republic of Korea 214, Daehak-ro, Gimcheon, 39528, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung-Sim Jung
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Semyung University, Jecheon, Republic of Korea, 65 Semyung-ro, Jecheon-si, Chungbuk, 390-711, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwi-Young Cho
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Health Science, Gachon University, Incheon, Republic of Korea, 191 Hambangmoe-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Inchon, 406-799, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|