Somatic, Genetic and Epigenetic Changes in Nephrogenic Rests and Their Role in the Transformation to Wilms Tumors, a Systematic Review.
Cancers (Basel) 2023;
15:cancers15051363. [PMID:
36900155 PMCID:
PMC10000075 DOI:
10.3390/cancers15051363]
[Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE
To review somatic genetic changes in nephrogenic rests (NR), which are considered to be precursor lesions of Wilms tumors (WT).
METHODS
This systematic review is written according to the PRISMA statement. PubMed and EMBASE were systematically searched for articles in the English language studying somatic genetic changes in NR between 1990 and 2022.
RESULTS
Twenty-three studies were included in this review, describing 221 NR of which 119 were pairs of NR and WT. Single gene studies showed mutations in WT1 and WTX, but not CTNNB1 to occur in both NR and WT. Studies investigating chromosomal changes showed loss of heterozygosity of 11p13 and 11p15 to occur in both NR and WT, but loss of 7p and 16q occurred in WT only. Methylome-based studies found differential methylation patterns between NR, WT, and normal kidney (NK).
CONCLUSIONS
Over a 30-year time frame, few studies have addressed genetic changes in NR, likely hampered by technical and practical limitations. A limited number of genes and chromosomal regions have been implicated in the early pathogenesis of WT, exemplified by their occurrence in NR, including WT1, WTX, and genes located at 11p15. Further studies of NR and corresponding WT are urgently needed.
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