1
|
Dong B, Li H, Guo H, Kou R, Liang C, Wang J, Jiang H. The gustatory receptor BdorGr43a mediated sucrose preference in the feeding of Bactrocera dorsalis. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 282:136774. [PMID: 39442845 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.136774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2024] [Revised: 10/05/2024] [Accepted: 10/19/2024] [Indexed: 10/25/2024]
Abstract
The feeding behavior of animals is pivotal for their reproductive success and energy acquisition. In our study, we found that the Bactrocera dorsalis had a pronounced preference for sucrose among six plant-derived sugars during feeding. Then, we searched the entire genome of B. dorsalis for the gustatory receptors (Grs) responsible for sucrose sensation. Putative gustatory receptors involved in the detection of sweetness, bitterness, CO2 and other unknown functions. Together with phylogenetic analysis, expression profiling, calcium imaging, and CRISPR/Cas9 mediated mutagenesis, we found that BdorGr43a is the key receptor responding to sucrose. Our study elucidated the molecular mechanism underlying the sucrose preferences in the feeding of B. dorsalis. Meanwhile, our results will serve as a reference for the understanding of gustatory sensing in insect. Furthermore, BdorGr43a may serve as an important target for the development of food attractants against the oriental fruit fly.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bao Dong
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China; International Joint Laboratory of China-Belgium on Sustainable Crop Pest Control, Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hongfei Li
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China; International Joint Laboratory of China-Belgium on Sustainable Crop Pest Control, Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Huaiwang Guo
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China; International Joint Laboratory of China-Belgium on Sustainable Crop Pest Control, Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ruohan Kou
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China; International Joint Laboratory of China-Belgium on Sustainable Crop Pest Control, Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Changhao Liang
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China; International Joint Laboratory of China-Belgium on Sustainable Crop Pest Control, Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jinjun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China; International Joint Laboratory of China-Belgium on Sustainable Crop Pest Control, Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Hongbo Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China; International Joint Laboratory of China-Belgium on Sustainable Crop Pest Control, Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Sang J, Lee Y. Age-dependent switched taste behavior to ribose. INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 174:104194. [PMID: 39406300 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2024.104194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2024] [Revised: 10/04/2024] [Accepted: 10/13/2024] [Indexed: 10/19/2024]
Abstract
Chemical detection is vital for animal survival, aiding in avoiding toxins and selecting nutritious foods. While Drosophila larvae exhibit appetitive feeding behavior toward ribose, an important sugar for RNA, nucleotide, and nucleoside synthesis, how adult Drosophila perceives ribose remains unclear. Through behavioral and electrophysiological investigations, we unexpectedly discovered that adult flies actively avoid ribose. Our external electrophysiological analysis revealed that ribose is detected through bitter-sensing gustatory receptor neurons in S-type sensilla, suggesting its perception as a bitter compound. Additionally, we identify painless as crucial for both ribose aversion and the neuronal response to ribose.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiun Sang
- Department of Bio and Fermentation Convergence Technology, Kookmin University, Seoul, 02707, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngseok Lee
- Department of Bio and Fermentation Convergence Technology, Kookmin University, Seoul, 02707, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Volonté C, Liguori F, Amadio S. A Closer Look at Histamine in Drosophila. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4449. [PMID: 38674034 PMCID: PMC11050612 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25084449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The present work intends to provide a closer look at histamine in Drosophila. This choice is motivated firstly because Drosophila has proven over the years to be a very simple, but powerful, model organism abundantly assisting scientists in explaining not only normal functions, but also derangements that occur in higher organisms, not excluding humans. Secondly, because histamine has been demonstrated to be a pleiotropic master molecule in pharmacology and immunology, with increasingly recognized roles also in the nervous system. Indeed, it interacts with various neurotransmitters and controls functions such as learning, memory, circadian rhythm, satiety, energy balance, nociception, and motor circuits, not excluding several pathological conditions. In view of this, our review is focused on the knowledge that the use of Drosophila has added to the already vast histaminergic field. In particular, we have described histamine's actions on photoreceptors sustaining the visual system and synchronizing circadian rhythms, but also on temperature preference, courtship behavior, and mechanosensory transmission. In addition, we have highlighted the pathophysiological consequences of mutations on genes involved in histamine metabolism and signaling. By promoting critical discussion and further research, our aim is to emphasize and renew the importance of histaminergic research in biomedicine through the exploitation of Drosophila, hopefully extending the scientific debate to the academic, industry, and general public audiences.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cinzia Volonté
- National Research Council, Institute for Systems Analysis and Computer Science “A. Ruberti”, Via Dei Taurini 19, 00185 Rome, Italy;
- Experimental Neuroscience and Neurological Disease Models, Santa Lucia Foundation IRCCS, Via Del Fosso di Fiorano 65, 00143 Rome, Italy;
| | - Francesco Liguori
- National Research Council, Institute for Systems Analysis and Computer Science “A. Ruberti”, Via Dei Taurini 19, 00185 Rome, Italy;
- Experimental Neuroscience and Neurological Disease Models, Santa Lucia Foundation IRCCS, Via Del Fosso di Fiorano 65, 00143 Rome, Italy;
| | - Susanna Amadio
- Experimental Neuroscience and Neurological Disease Models, Santa Lucia Foundation IRCCS, Via Del Fosso di Fiorano 65, 00143 Rome, Italy;
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Pradhan RN, Shrestha B, Lee Y. Avoiding cantharidin through ionotropic receptors. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 466:133497. [PMID: 38278077 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.133497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
The discernment and aversion of noxious gustatory stimuli profoundly influence homeostasis maintenance and survival of fauna. Cantharidin, a purported aphrodisiac, is a monoterpenoid compound secreted by many species of blister beetle, particularly by the Spanish fly, Lytta vesicatoria. Although the various advantageous functions of cantharidin have been described, its taste analysis and toxic properties in animalshave been rarely explored. Our study using Drosophila melanogaster examines the taste properties of cantharidin along with its potential hazardous effect in the internal organs of animals. Here, we find that cantharidin activates bitter taste receptors. Our findings show that specific ionotropic receptors (IR7g, IR51b, and IR94f) in labellar bitter-sensing neurons, along with co-receptors IR25a and IR76b, are responsible for detecting cantharidin. By introducing the IR7g and IR51b in sweet and bitter neurons, naturally expressing IR76b and IR25a, we show that these genes are sufficient for cantharidin perception. Moreover, we witness the deleterious ramifications of cantharidin on survival and visceral integrities, shedding light on its hazardous effect.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roshani Nhuchhen Pradhan
- Department of Bio & Fermentation Convergence Technology, Kookmin University, Seoul 02707, Republic of Korea
| | - Bhanu Shrestha
- Department of Bio & Fermentation Convergence Technology, Kookmin University, Seoul 02707, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngseok Lee
- Department of Bio & Fermentation Convergence Technology, Kookmin University, Seoul 02707, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Tomberlin JK, Miranda C, Flint C, Harris E, Wu G. Nutrients limit production of insects for food and feed: an emphasis on nutritionally essential amino acids. Anim Front 2023; 13:64-71. [PMID: 37583806 PMCID: PMC10425138 DOI: 10.1093/af/vfad032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/17/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Chelsea Miranda
- Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
| | - Casey Flint
- Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
| | - Erin Harris
- Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
| | - Guoyao Wu
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Pradhan RN, Shrestha B, Lee Y. Molecular Basis of Hexanoic Acid Taste in Drosophila melanogaster. Mol Cells 2023; 46:451-460. [PMID: 37202372 PMCID: PMC10336273 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2023.0035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Animals generally prefer nutrients and avoid toxic and harmful chemicals. Recent behavioral and physiological studies have identified that sweet-sensing gustatory receptor neurons (GRNs) in Drosophila melanogaster mediate appetitive behaviors toward fatty acids. Sweet-sensing GRN activation requires the function of the ionotropic receptors IR25a, IR56d, and IR76b, as well as the gustatory receptor GR64e. However, we reveal that hexanoic acid (HA) is toxic rather than nutritious to D. melanogaster. HA is one of the major components of the fruit Morinda citrifolia (noni). Thus, we analyzed the gustatory responses to one of major noni fatty acids, HA, via electrophysiology and proboscis extension response (PER) assay. Electrophysiological tests show this is reminiscent of arginine-mediated neuronal responses. Here, we determined that a low concentration of HA induced attraction, which was mediated by sweet-sensing GRNs, and a high concentration of HA induced aversion, which was mediated by bitter-sensing GRNs. We also demonstrated that a low concentration of HA elicits attraction mainly mediated by GR64d and IR56d expressed by sweet-sensing GRNs, but a high concentration of HA activates three gustatory receptors (GR32a, GR33a, and GR66a) expressed by bitter-sensing GRNs. The mechanism of sensing HA is biphasic in a dose dependent manner. Furthermore, HA inhibit sugar-mediated activation like other bitter compounds. Taken together, we discovered a binary HA-sensing mechanism that may be evolutionarily meaningful in the foraging niche of insects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Bhanu Shrestha
- Department of Bio & Fermentation Convergence Technology, Kookmin University, Seoul 02707, Korea
| | - Youngseok Lee
- Department of Bio & Fermentation Convergence Technology, Kookmin University, Seoul 02707, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
King BH, Gunathunga PB. Gustation in insects: taste qualities and types of evidence used to show taste function of specific body parts. JOURNAL OF INSECT SCIENCE (ONLINE) 2023; 23:11. [PMID: 37014302 PMCID: PMC10072106 DOI: 10.1093/jisesa/iead018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The insect equivalent of taste buds are gustatory sensilla, which have been found on mouthparts, pharynxes, antennae, legs, wings, and ovipositors. Most gustatory sensilla are uniporous, but not all apparently uniporous sensilla are gustatory. Among sensilla containing more than one neuron, a tubular body on one dendrite is also indicative of a taste sensillum, with the tubular body adding tactile function. But not all taste sensilla are also tactile. Additional morphological criteria are often used to recognize if a sensillum is gustatory. Further confirmation of such criteria by electrophysiological or behavioral evidence is needed. The five canonical taste qualities to which insects respond are sweet, bitter, sour, salty, and umami. But not all tastants that insects respond to easily fit in these taste qualities. Categories of insect tastants can be based not only on human taste perception, but also on whether the response is deterrent or appetitive and on chemical structure. Other compounds that at least some insects taste include, but are not limited to: water, fatty acids, metals, carbonation, RNA, ATP, pungent tastes as in horseradish, bacterial lipopolysaccharides, and contact pheromones. We propose that, for insects, taste be defined not only as a response to nonvolatiles but also be restricted to responses that are, or are thought to be, mediated by a sensillum. This restriction is useful because some of the receptor proteins in gustatory sensilla are also found elsewhere.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B H King
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL 60115, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Molecular sensors in the taste system of Drosophila. Genes Genomics 2023; 45:693-707. [PMID: 36828965 DOI: 10.1007/s13258-023-01370-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Most animals, including humans and insects, consume foods based on their senses. Feeding is mostly regulated by taste and smell. Recent insect studies shed insight into the cross-talk between taste and smell, sweetness and temperature, sweetness and texture, and other sensory modality pairings. Five canonical tastes include sweet, umami, bitter, salty, and sour. Furthermore, other receptors that mediate the detection of noncanonical sensory attributes encoded by taste stimuli, such as Ca2+, Zn2+, Cu2+, lipid, and carbonation, have been characterized. Deorphanizing receptors and interactions among different modalities are expanding the taste field. METHODS Our study explores the taste system of Drosophila melanogaster and perception processing in insects to broaden the neuroscience of taste. Attractive and aversive taste cues and their chemoreceptors are categorized as tables. In addition, we summarize the recent progress in animal behavior as affected by the integration of multisensory information in relation to different gustatory receptor neuronal activations, olfaction, texture, and temperature. We mainly focus on peripheral responses and insect decision-making. CONCLUSION Drosophila is an excellent model animal to study the cellular and molecular mechanism of the taste system. Despite the divergence in the receptors to detect chemicals, taste research in the fruit fly can offer new insights into the many different taste sensors of animals and how to test the interaction among different sensory modalities.
Collapse
|
9
|
Identification of Candidate Chemosensory Gene Families by Head Transcriptomes Analysis in the Mexican Fruit Fly, Anastrepha ludens Loew (Diptera: Tephritidae). Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810531. [PMID: 36142444 PMCID: PMC9500802 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Insect chemosensory systems, such as smell and taste, are mediated by chemosensory receptor and non-receptor protein families. In the last decade, many studies have focused on discovering these families in Tephritidae species of agricultural importance. However, to date, there is no information on the Mexican fruit fly Anastrepha ludens Loew, a priority pest of quarantine importance in Mexico and other countries. This work represents the first effort to identify, classify and characterize the six chemosensory gene families by analyzing two head transcriptomes of sexually immature and mature adults of A. ludens from laboratory-reared and wild populations, respectively. We identified 120 chemosensory genes encoding 31 Odorant-Binding Proteins (OBPs), 5 Chemosensory Proteins (CSPs), 2 Sensory Neuron Membrane Proteins (SNMPs), 42 Odorant Receptors (ORs), 17 Ionotropic Receptors (IRs), and 23 Gustatory Receptors (GRs). The 120 described chemosensory proteins of the Mexican fruit fly significantly contribute to the genetic databases of insects, particularly dipterans. Except for some OBPs, this work reports for the first time the repertoire of olfactory proteins for one species of the genus Anastrepha, which provides a further basis for studying the olfactory system in the family Tephritidae, one of the most important for its economic and social impact worldwide.
Collapse
|
10
|
Chen W, Chen Y, Xiao Z, Zhang Y, Zhang T, Zhong G, Yi X. The modulatory effects of biogenic amines on male mating performance in Bactrocera dorsalis. Front Physiol 2022; 13:1000547. [PMID: 36148306 PMCID: PMC9486026 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.1000547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
In insects, the emergence of mating behavior requires the interplay among sex-determination hierarchy mechanisms that regulate sex-specific differentiation, perception and integration of different sensory cues, and precisely patterned behavioral outputs. Biogenic amines, including octopamine (OA), dopamine (DA), tyramine (TA), serotonin and histamine, have been identified and proposed as putative neurotransmitters, neurohormones and/or neuromodulators in the central nervous system of insects to influence multiple physiologies and behaviors. The current study provides the physiological roles and pharmacology of these biogenic amines in the mating performance of Bactrocera dorsalis. Silencing gene expressions coding for biosynthetic enzymes of DA and serotonin in male flies could decrease mating rates, while OA, TA and histamine had no such effects on mating. Furthermore, injection of DA or the DA receptor antagonist chlorpromazine could affect mating rate, as well as injection of serotonin. Pharmacological treatments with other biogenic amines or their receptor antagonists in male flies have no roles in regulating mating performance. We conclude that DA and its receptors are involved in regulating male mating behaviors in B. dorsalis, while changes in serotonin levels in male flies could also affect mating rates. In the current study, the modulatory effects of these biogenic amines on mating performance were investigated, and these results will be helpful in providing a new strategy for controlling B. dorsalis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenlong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Crop Integrated Pest Management in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yaoyao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Crop Integrated Pest Management in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ziwei Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Crop Integrated Pest Management in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuhua Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Integrated Pest Management in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tong Zhang
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guohua Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Crop Integrated Pest Management in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xin Yi
- Key Laboratory of Crop Integrated Pest Management in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Mahadevan VP, Lavista-Llanos S, Knaden M, Hansson BS. No functional contribution of the gustatory receptor, Gr64b, co-expressed in olfactory sensory neurons of Drosophila melanogaster. Front Ecol Evol 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2022.980351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemosensation is essential for the survival of insects. Activities like searching for food, mating, and oviposition in the fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster are to a great extent governed by chemical cues detected via olfaction and gustation. This chemical information is conveyed to higher brain centers via populations of diverse olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs) and gustatory sensory neurons (GSNs) expressing olfactory receptors (ORs) and gustatory receptors (GRs), respectively. ORs are exclusively expressed in the antenna and in the maxillary palps, while GRs are widely expressed in the labellum, tarsi, genitalia etc. Interestingly, 14 GRs were previously reported to be expressed in the antenna of D. melanogaster. However, the spatial expression pattern for all GRs and their functional role are still unclear. Recent data challenge the dogma that single OSNs express a single OR. In the present study, we studied the expression of 12 previously reported GRs among sensory structures on the fly antenna using the Gal4-UAS binary expression system. We observed antennal expression of nine out of the 12 reported. Out of these nine, consistent expression was only apparent for Gr64b, and we reconfirmed its presence in OSNs innervating three glomeruli in the antennal lobe. These glomeruli are known to be innervated by ab5A, ab5B and ab8A OSNs, respectively. Next, we generated double labeling crosses with Gr64b and observed co-expression of Gr64b with Or47a, which is expressed in the ab5B neuron. To elucidate the functional role of Gr64b co-expressed with Or47a, we challenged Or47a-expressing OSNs in wild type and Gr64b–/– mutant flies with odor stimulation using the single sensillum recording technique in two satiation states (fed and starved). Notably, we did not observe any significant odor sensitivity or specificity changes in Gr64b mutants as compared to wild type flies. Taken together, our results reveal co-expression of GRs with ORs in olfactory sensory neurons, while the functional contribution of the GR in this context remains obscure.
Collapse
|
12
|
Aryal B, Dhakal S, Shrestha B, Sang J, Nhuchhen Pradhan R, Lee Y. Protocol for binary food choice assays using Drosophila melanogaster. STAR Protoc 2022; 3:101410. [PMID: 35620079 PMCID: PMC9127214 DOI: 10.1016/j.xpro.2022.101410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Food preference is a fundamental behavior for animals to choose nutritious foods while rejecting foods containing toxins. Here, we describe binary food choice assays using Drosophila melanogaster, which are straightforward approaches for the characterization of two-way choice tastants. We detail the preparation of flies and dye-containing food, followed by the binary-choice feeding assays and the determination of the preference index (PI). This protocol is simple, sensitive, and reproducible in qualitatively detecting attractive or aversive characteristics toward any two-way choice tastants. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Aryal et al. (2022). Protocol for qualitatively analyzing food preferences in Drosophila A simple, sensitive, and reproducible binary food choice assay Determination of preference index using dye-containing foods Appropriate for any behavioral taste analysis of fly models
Publisher’s note: Undertaking any experimental protocol requires adherence to local institutional guidelines for laboratory safety and ethics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Binod Aryal
- Department of Bio & Fermentation Convergence Technology, Kookmin University, Seoul 02707, Republic of Korea
| | - Subash Dhakal
- Department of Bio & Fermentation Convergence Technology, Kookmin University, Seoul 02707, Republic of Korea
| | - Bhanu Shrestha
- Department of Bio & Fermentation Convergence Technology, Kookmin University, Seoul 02707, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiun Sang
- Department of Bio & Fermentation Convergence Technology, Kookmin University, Seoul 02707, Republic of Korea
| | - Roshani Nhuchhen Pradhan
- Department of Bio & Fermentation Convergence Technology, Kookmin University, Seoul 02707, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngseok Lee
- Department of Bio & Fermentation Convergence Technology, Kookmin University, Seoul 02707, Republic of Korea
- Corresponding author
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Aryal B, Lee Y. Histamine avoidance through three gustatory receptors in Drosophila melanogaster. INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 144:103760. [PMID: 35346814 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2022.103760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Histamine is a fermented food product that exerts adverse health effects on animals when consumed in high amounts. This biogenic amine is fermented by microorganisms from histidine through the activity of histidine decarboxylase. Drosophila melanogaster can discriminate histidine and histamine using GR22e and IR76b in bitter-sensing gustatory receptor neurons (GRNs). In this study, RNA interference screens were conducted to examine 28 uncharacterized gustatory receptor genes using electrophysiology and behavioral experiments, including the binary food choice and proboscis extension response assays. GR9a and GR98a were first identified as specific histamine receptors by evaluating newly generated null mutants and recovery experiments by expressing their wild-type cDNA in the bitter-sensing GRNs. We further determined that histamine sensation was mainly mediated by the labellum but not by the legs, as demonstrated by the proboscis extension response assay. Our findings indicated that toxic histamine directly activates bitter-sensing GRNs in S-type sensilla, and this response is mediated by the GR9a, GR22e, and GR98a gustatory receptors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Binod Aryal
- Department of Bio & Fermentation Convergence Technology, Kookmin University, Seoul, 02707, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngseok Lee
- Department of Bio & Fermentation Convergence Technology, Kookmin University, Seoul, 02707, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Aryal B, Dhakal S, Shrestha B, Lee Y. Molecular and neuronal mechanisms for amino acid taste perception in the Drosophila labellum. Curr Biol 2022; 32:1376-1386.e4. [PMID: 35176225 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2022.01.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 12/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Amino acids are essential nutrients that act as building blocks for protein synthesis. Recent studies in Drosophila have demonstrated that glycine, phenylalanine, and threonine elicit attraction, whereas tryptophan elicits aversion at ecologically relevant concentrations. Here, we demonstrated that eight amino acids, including arginine, glycine, alanine, serine, phenylalanine, threonine, cysteine, and proline, differentially stimulate feeding behavior by activating sweet-sensing gustatory receptor neurons (GRNs) in L-type and S-type sensilla. In turn, this process is mediated by three GRs (GR5a, GR61a, and GR64f), as well as two broadly required ionotropic receptors (IRs), IR25a and IR76b. However, GR5a, GR61a, and GR64f are only required for sensing amino acids in the sweet-sensing GRNs of L-type sensilla. This suggests that amino acid sensing in different type sensilla occurs through dual mechanisms. Furthermore, our findings indicated that ecologically relevant high concentrations of arginine, lysine, proline, valine, tryptophan, isoleucine, and leucine elicit aversive responses via bitter-sensing GRNs, which are mediated by three IRs (IR25a, IR51b, and IR76b). More importantly, our results demonstrate that arginine, lysine, and proline induce biphasic responses in a concentration-dependent manner. Therefore, amino acid detection in Drosophila occurs through two classes of receptors that activate two sets of sensory neurons in physiologically distinct pathways, which ultimately mediates attraction or aversion behaviors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Binod Aryal
- Department of Bio & Fermentation Convergence Technology, Kookmin University, Seoul 02707, Republic of Korea
| | - Subash Dhakal
- Department of Bio & Fermentation Convergence Technology, Kookmin University, Seoul 02707, Republic of Korea
| | - Bhanu Shrestha
- Department of Bio & Fermentation Convergence Technology, Kookmin University, Seoul 02707, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngseok Lee
- Department of Bio & Fermentation Convergence Technology, Kookmin University, Seoul 02707, Republic of Korea; Interdisciplinary Program for Bio-Health Convergence, Kookmin University, Seoul 02707, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|