Synthesis, characterisation and cytotoxic properties of N -heterocyclic carbene silver(I) complexes

Molecular docking and in vitro anticancer studies of silver(I)-N-heterocyclic carbene complexes

A series of symmetric and unsymmetrical benzimidazolium-based N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) precursors (1a-i) and their silver complexes (2a-i) have been synthesized. The Ag(I)–NHC complexes were characterized by ¹H, ¹³C{¹H} NMR, FTIR, LC/MS-QTOF, and elemental analysis. Anticancer and cytotoxic activity of all Ag(I)–NHC complexes were tested against healthy fibroblast cell line (L929), breast cancer cell line (MCF-7), and neuroblastoma cell line (SH-SY5Y) by MTS [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium] assay. The 2b, 2c, 2e, 2g, 2h, and 2i complexes showed higher cytotoxicity than cisplatin against SH-SY5Y and MCF-7 and lower cytotoxic activity against L929 cell lines. Because of their high cytotoxic activity against cancer cells and low cytotoxicity against healthy fibroblast cell lines, the 2b, 2c, 2e, 2g, 2h, and 2i are expected to be new lead compounds. In addition, molecular docking studies were performed to explore the binding interactions of silver complexes with the enzyme to explore new anticancer compounds. Furthermore, ADME properties of all complexes were predicted to explore lead-like characteristics and may be a potential drug candidate for cancer treatment.

Heterocyclic compounds derived from cyclohexane-1,4-dione: synthesis of tetrahydro-4H-chromene and tetrahydrobenzo[d]thiazole derivatives as target SARS-CoV-2 main protease (Mpro) and potential anti-Covid-19

Tetrahydro-4H-chromene-3-carbonitrile derivatives 4a-c where prepared from the reaction of 1,4-cyclohexane dione (1), malononitrile (2) and either of benzaldehyde (3a), 2-chlorobenzaldehyde (3b) or 4-methoxybenzaldehyde (3c) in ethanol containing triethylamine. Compound 4b was used to prepare pyrazole, pyrimidine and thiazole derivatives. Moreover, tetrahydrobenzo[d]thiazole derivative 18 was prepared from the reaction of 1,4-cyclohexane dione (1) with elemental sulfur followed by phenyl isothiocyanate (12) in absolute ethanol containing triethylamine. The latter compound reacted with ethyl orthoformate and either malononitrile or ethyl cyanoacetate in 1,4-dioxane in the presence of triethylamine to produce the 9-ethoxy-2H-chromeno[6,5-d]thiazole derivatives 20a,b. In addition, fused thiophene and pyran derivatives were synthesized starting from compound 18. The screened compounds were designed as mimics of the transition state of RNA2’-O-methylation were screened against several viral RNA 2’-OMTases from SARS-CoV (nsp10/nsp16 complex), Zika, West Nile, dengue, vaccinia (VP39) viruses. At the same time, the compounds were tested against human RNA N7-MTase (hRNMT) and selected viral N7-MTases such as SARS-CoV nsp14 and vaccinia D1-D12 complex to evaluate their specificity. Compounds 4a, 4b, 6b, 6c, 6e, 9a, 9b, 15, 16, 21b, and 23b showed high % inhibitions against SARs-Cov nsp 14 with values 93.42, 87.49, 98.23, 88.15, 89.24, 96.31, 93.28, 89.25, 89.20, 87.24, and 94.49, respectively.

Design, Synthesis, Molecular Docking and Biological Studies of New Heterocyclic Compounds Derived from -Diketonesas Novel EGFR and Pim-1 Inhibitors Endowed with Antitumor Activity

BACKGROUND

Cancer is a disease illustrated by a shift in the controlled mechanisms that control both cell proliferation and differentiation. It is regarded as a prime health problem worldwide, leading cause of human death-rate exceeded only by cardiovascular diseases. Many reported work was concerned with the discovery of new antitumor compounds this encourage us to synthesis new anticancer agents.

OBJECTIVE

In this work, we are aiming to synthesize target molecules from 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds through many heterocyclization reactions.

METHOD

The reaction of either 4-methylaniline (1a) or 1-naphthylamine (1b) with diethyl malonate (2) gave the anilide derivatives 3a and 3b, respectively. The latter products underwent a series of heterocyclization reactions to give the pyridine, pyran andthiazole derivatives which confirmed with the required spectral data.

RESULTS

Thein-vitro antitumor evaluations of the newly synthesized products against four cancer cell lines MCF-7, NCI-H460, SF-268 and WI 38 as normal cell line were screened and the data revealed that compounds 11a, 18b, 18c and 20d showed high antitumor activity and 20dindividualize with potential antitumor activity towards cell lines with lowest cytotoxicity effect. Both EGFR and PIM-1 enzyme inhibition were investigated for the compound 20d and his inhibition effect was promising for each enzyme showing IC50=45.67 ng and 553.3 ng for EGFR and PIM-1, respectively.

CONCLUSION

Molecular docking results of compound 20d showed a strong binding interactions on both enzymes, where, good binding modes obtained on case of EGFR, which closely similar to the binding mode of standard Erlotinib. While, 20d showed complete superimposition binding interactions with VRV-cocrystallized ligand of PIM-1 that may expounds the in-vitro antitumor activity.

Coinage Metal N-Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes: Recent Synthetic Strategies and Medicinal Applications

New weapons are constantly needed in the fight against cancer. The discovery of cisplatin as an anticancer drug prompted the search for new metal complexes. The successful history of cisplatin motivated chemists to develop a plethora of metal-based molecules. Among them, metal-N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) complexes have gained significant attention because of their suitable qualities for efficient drug design. The enhanced applications of coinage metal-NHC complexes have encouraged a gradually increasing number of studies in the fields of medicinal chemistry that benefit from the fascinating chemical properties of these complexes. This review aims to present recent developments in synthetic strategies and medicinal applications of copper, silver and gold complexes supported by NHC ligands.