Multi-target activity of copper complexes: Antibacterial, DNA binding, and molecular docking with SARS-CoV-2 receptor.
Chem Biol Interact 2023;
373:110349. [PMID:
36639010 PMCID:
PMC9831667 DOI:
10.1016/j.cbi.2023.110349]
[Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
A series of pendant-armed mixed-ligand copper(II) complexes of the type [CuL1-3(diimine)] (1-6) have been synthesized by the reaction of pendant-armed ligands N,N-bis(2-(((E)-2-hydroxy-5-methylbenzylidene)amino)ethyl)benzamide (H2L1), N,N-bis(2-(((E)-2-hydroxy-5-methylbenzylidene)amino)ethyl)-4-nitrobenzamide (H2L2) and N,N-bis(2-(((E)-2-hydroxy-5-methylbenzylidene)amino)ethyl)-3,5-dinitrobenzamide (H2L3) with diimine = 2,2'-bipyridyl (bpy) or 1,10-phenanthroline (phen) in the presence of copper(II) chloride and analyzed using various spectroscopic methods. All the spectroscopic results support that the complexes adopt a pentagonal-bipyramidal shape around the copper ion. Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria were used to test all the complexes for antibacterial activity and all the complexes had greater potency against gram-negative pathogens. DNA-binding experiments of complexes with calf thymus DNA revealed a major-groove binding pattern, further supported by molecular docking studies. Complexes have significantly interacted with SARS-CoV-2 receptor via π-π, π-σ, π-alkyl, π-anion, π-cation, alkyl, hydrogen bond, van der Waals, and electrostatic interactions. The estimated binding energy and inhibition constant of these complexes are higher than standard drugs, chloroquine, and molnupiravir.
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