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Ørskov KE, Christensen LB, Wiking L, Hannibal T, Hammershøj M. Microstructural studies of imitation cheese with a shift in continuous phase. Food Res Int 2024; 184:114210. [PMID: 38609211 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2024.114210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
When casein is replaced with starch in imitation cheese, the functionality changes. Three different microscopy methods were applied to understand the microstructural differences in the product depending on which component dominates the microstructure. Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy (CLSM) for component identification. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Cryogenic Scanning Electron Microscopy (Cryo-SEM) for studying surface structures. Differences in the surface structures were detected between SEM and Cryo-SEM. In SEM, starch appeared rough and protein smooth, while in Cryo-SEM no starch roughness of the surface was found. A change in starch modification and effects of protein prehydration was also analysed. Adding octenyl succinic anhydride (OSA) modified starch for emulsifying properties resulted in a microstructure with fragmented protein at a protein level of 7 %, but not at 9 or 12 %. Protein prehydration had limited effect on microstructure. On a macrostructural level, the change to an emulsifying starch increased hardness in imitation cheese with 7 and 9 % protein. Protein prehydration slightly decreased the hardness, but the difference was not significant at all concentrations. This research provides valuable information about the microstructure of imitation cheese at a 50/50 composition, how the microstructure changes with an emulsifying starch and what occurs after a protein prehydration was included in the production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathrine Esager Ørskov
- Dept. of Food Science, Aarhus University, Agro Food Park 48, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark; K M C, Kartoffelmelcentralen, AMBA, Herningvej 60, 7330 Brande, Denmark.
| | | | - Lars Wiking
- Dept. of Food Science, Aarhus University, Agro Food Park 48, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Thomas Hannibal
- K M C, Kartoffelmelcentralen, AMBA, Herningvej 60, 7330 Brande, Denmark
| | - Marianne Hammershøj
- Dept. of Food Science, Aarhus University, Agro Food Park 48, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark
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2
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Cui B, Zeng X, Liang H, Li J, Zhou B, Wu D, Du X, Li B. Construction of a soybean protein isolate/polysaccharide-based whole muscle meat analog: Physical properties and freeze-thawing stability study. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 265:131037. [PMID: 38521300 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
A growing interest has arisen in recreating real meat by mimicking its texture characteristics and muscle fiber structure. Our previous work successfully created meat analog fiber based on soybean protein isolate (SPI) and sodium alginate (SA) with the wet-spinning method. In this work, we analyzed the microstructure, texture profile, and water retainability of the assembled plant-based whole muscle meat analog (PMA) made of SPI/SA-based meat analog fiber and systematically studied the effect of different combinations and contents of transglutaminase (TG), salt, and soybean oil on the rheological behavior of the formulated adhesive. The estimated optimal condition that has the most similar texture characteristic with real chicken breast meat is: for every 1:1 mass ratio of simulated plant meat fibers to the adhesive, add 0.1 % TG enzyme addition in the adhesive and 100 mM NaCl addition. The physical behavior of PMA during cryopreservation was investigated through freeze-thaw cycles and freezing times. The addition of a small amount of oil and salt can efficiently prevent the PMA through freezing conditions which is comparable with the addition of D-Trehalose (TD). Overall, this study not only created a plant-based whole muscle meat analog product that is similar in texture to real chicken breast meat but also provided a new direction for constructing fiber-rich structure protein-based muscle meat analogs and their further commercialization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Cui
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Ministry of Education, China
| | - Xinyue Zeng
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Ministry of Education, China
| | - Hongshan Liang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Ministry of Education, China
| | - Jing Li
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Ministry of Education, China
| | - Bin Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering, Ministry of Education, National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, School of Biological Engineering and Food, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China
| | - Di Wu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Ministry of Education, China
| | - Xuezhu Du
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, Hubei, China.
| | - Bin Li
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Ministry of Education, China; Functional Food Engineering & Technology Research Center of Hubei Province, China.
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3
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Li Y, Cheng Q, Guo J, Wang J, Yang X. Structuring meat analogs by citrus fiber with reduced salt intake. J Food Sci 2023. [PMID: 37421351 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.16690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/10/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the effect of addition of citrus fiber (CF; 5% and 10%, which consists mainly of soluble pectin and insoluble cellulose) on physical properties and microstructure of meat analogs based on soy protein isolate and wheat gluten using high-moisture extrusion. Layered structure or microstructure of meat analogs was observed by scanning electron microscope and confocal laser scanning microscope. Compared to the control (without CF), meat analogs with CF addition showed disorder layered microstructure, which was interconnected with smaller fibers. Rheological measurements (strain sweep and frequency sweep) show that the incorporation of CF resulted in meat analogs with softer texture. The moisture content of meat analogs increased significantly upon the addition of CF, which was also correlated with juiciness. Sensory evaluation and dynamic salt release results confirm that the saltiness of meat analogs with CF addition was enhanced due to the structural changes of phase-separated structures, achieving salt reduction by 20% and showing a saltiness similar to the control sample. This research provides a novel approach to modulate the saltiness perception of meat analogs by modifying the phase separation of protein/polysaccharides. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: Citrus fiber is added to the plant protein matrix to prepare meat analogs with high moisture content and enhanced saltiness perception via modifying the phase separation of protein/polysaccharides. This work provided a potential target for the meat industry to produce the meat analogs with less salt intake. Further research can be conducted using modified fibrous or inner structure of meat analogs to improve its quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanlei Li
- Glyn O. Phillips Hydrocolloid Research Centre, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, China
- Laboratory of Food Proteins and Colloids, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qian Cheng
- Laboratory of Food Proteins and Colloids, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jian Guo
- Laboratory of Food Proteins and Colloids, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinmei Wang
- Laboratory of Food Proteins and Colloids, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoquan Yang
- Laboratory of Food Proteins and Colloids, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
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Wu Q, Zang M, Zhao B, Wang S, Zhang S, Zhu N, Liu M, Li S, Lv G, Liu B, Zhao Y, Qiao X. Effect of citrus fiber on the phosphate-mediated gel properties of myofibrillar protein and partial replacement of phosphate. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2022.114274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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5
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Guo M, Sheng Z, Wang P, Zhang Y, Zhang X, Zhang Y, Man-Yau Szeto I, Wang Y, Ren F, Luo J. Effects of refrigerated storage on the functional properties of processed cheese analogue with stretchability and its mechanisms. Int Dairy J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2022.105504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Feng R, van den Berg FW, Lillevang SK, Ahrné L. High shear cooking extrusion to create fibrous mozzarella cheese from renneted and cultured curd. Food Res Int 2022; 157:111192. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.111192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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7
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Preparation of konjac glucomannan/xanthan gum/sodium alginate composite gel by freezing combining moisture regulation. Food Hydrocoll 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2022.107499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Moon K, Choi KO, Jeong S, Kim YW, Lee S. Solid Fat Replacement with Canola Oil-Carnauba Wax Oleogels for Dairy-Free Imitation Cheese Low in Saturated Fat. Foods 2021; 10:foods10061351. [PMID: 34208054 PMCID: PMC8230639 DOI: 10.3390/foods10061351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Canola oil was structured into oleogels with different amounts of carnauba wax, and their processing performances were assessed as an alternative to solid fat for imitation cheese low in saturated fat. The contents of solid fat in the oleogels were less vulnerable to the change in temperature than the palm oil. The replacement of palm oil with oleogels produced cheese samples with harder and more cohesive/chewy textures. Dynamic and transient viscoelastic measurements demonstrated that the use of oleogels was effective in increasing the elastic nature of the cheeses. Two distinct components with different proton mobilities were observed in the imitation cheeses, and longer T2 relaxation times were detected in the oleogel samples. The meltability of the cheese with palm oil was not significantly different from those with 3% and 6% oleogels. The saturated fat level of the oleogel cheese was significantly reduced from 45.70 to 5.20%. The application of canola oil-carnauba wax oleogels could successfully produce imitation cheese high in unsaturated fat and low in saturated fat. This study thus demonstrated that the health-functional properties of imitation cheese could be enhanced by using oleogels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyungwon Moon
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology and Carbohydrate Bioproduct Research Center, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Korea; (K.M.); (S.J.)
| | - Kyeong-Ok Choi
- Fruit Research Division, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365, Korea;
| | - Sungmin Jeong
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology and Carbohydrate Bioproduct Research Center, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Korea; (K.M.); (S.J.)
| | - Young-Wan Kim
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Korea University (Sejong), Sejong 30019, Korea;
| | - Suyong Lee
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology and Carbohydrate Bioproduct Research Center, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Korea; (K.M.); (S.J.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-2-3408-3227
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9
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Sha L, Liu S, Liu D. Effects of soybean protein isolate on protein structure, batter rheology, and water migration in emulsified sausage. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.14711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Sha
- College of Food Science and Technology Bohai University Jinzhou China
| | - Susu Liu
- College of Food Science and Technology Bohai University Jinzhou China
| | - Dengyong Liu
- College of Food Science and Technology Bohai University Jinzhou China
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10
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Li K, Liu JY, Fu L, Li WJ, Zhao YY, Bai YH, Kang ZL. Effect of gellan gum on functional properties of low-fat chicken meat batters. J Texture Stud 2018; 50:131-138. [PMID: 30414321 DOI: 10.1111/jtxs.12379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2018] [Revised: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The effects of substituting pork back-fat with addition of gellan gum and water on gel characteristics, rheological property, water mobility, and distribution of chicken meat batters were studied. The addition of gellan gum significantly affected the cooking yield, color, texture, and rheological property of chicken meat batters (p < .05). The cooking yield and textural properties were not significantly different (p > .05) when gellan gum was added with 0, 0.2, and 0.4%. When the level of gellan gum reached 0.6%, the cooked chicken meat batters had significantly lower L* value, cooking yield, hardness, springiness, cohesiveness, and chewiness values (p < .05). The initial storage modulus (G') of chicken batters was significantly decreased (p < .05) with increasing gellan gum. During the heating, an increase in denaturation temperature of the myosin head and tail were observed in chicken batters with added gellan gum. The G' of chicken batters with 0, 0.2, and 0.4% gellan gum were not significant difference (p > .05) at 80C, but the G' of chicken batters with 0.6% gellan gum was significantly decreased (p < .05). LF-NMR revealed that T21 and T22 were significantly increased (p < .05) with increasing the water and gellan gum content while P21 and P22 were not significantly different (p > .05) in the chicken batters with 0, 0.2, and 0.4% gellan gum. A significant decrease was observed (p < .05) in the chicken batter with 0.6% gellan gum. Overall, added 0.2 and 0.4% gellan gum to chicken meat batters could reduce pork back-fat. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Emulsion-type meat products contain a high level of fat, saturated fatty acids, and cholesterol, which have a potential negative effect on consumers health. However, animal fat plays an important role in the textural properties and water-holding capacity of meat products. One of great challenges in meat processing is how to find a fat substitute to produce low-fat meat products which have overall acceptable quality. This study showed that the addition of gellan gum influenced the textural properties of chicken batters and changed the dynamic rheological behavior. The addition of 0.2 and 0.4% gellan gum kept a stable cooking yield and textural properties of cooked chicken batters and also reduced the pork back-fat. LF-NMR could reflect the cooking yield and gel properties of the chicken batters. Gellan gum may be used to replace pork back-fat to produce low-fat chicken meat batters having overall acceptability in meat industry for meeting consumer demand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Li
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Henan Key Laboratory of Cold Chain Food Quality and Safety Control, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Collaborative Innovation Center for Food Production and Safety, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jiu-Ya Liu
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Henan Key Laboratory of Cold Chain Food Quality and Safety Control, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Collaborative Innovation Center for Food Production and Safety, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Lei Fu
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Henan Key Laboratory of Cold Chain Food Quality and Safety Control, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Collaborative Innovation Center for Food Production and Safety, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wen-Jie Li
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Henan Key Laboratory of Cold Chain Food Quality and Safety Control, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Collaborative Innovation Center for Food Production and Safety, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ying-Ying Zhao
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Henan Key Laboratory of Cold Chain Food Quality and Safety Control, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Collaborative Innovation Center for Food Production and Safety, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yan-Hong Bai
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Henan Key Laboratory of Cold Chain Food Quality and Safety Control, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Collaborative Innovation Center for Food Production and Safety, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhuang-Li Kang
- Henan Collaborative Innovation Center for Food Production and Safety, Zhengzhou, China.,School of Food Science, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, China
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11
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Silva HL, Balthazar CF, Esmerino EA, Neto RP, Rocha RS, Moraes J, Cavalcanti RN, Franco RM, Tavares MIB, Santos JS, Granato D, Costa RG, Freitas MQ, Silva MC, Raices RS, Senaka Ranadheera C, Nazzaro F, Mortazavian AM, Cruz AG. Partial substitution of NaCl by KCl and addition of flavor enhancers on probiotic Prato cheese: A study covering manufacturing, ripening and storage time. Food Chem 2018; 248:192-200. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.12.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Revised: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 12/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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12
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Smith JR, Vogt SJ, Seymour JD, Carr AJ, Codd SL. Probing water migration in Mozzarella cheese during maturation and heating utilizing magnetic resonance techniques. J FOOD ENG 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2016.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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13
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Diao X, Guan H, Zhao X, Diao X, Kong B. Physicochemical and structural properties of composite gels prepared with myofibrillar protein and lard diacylglycerols. Meat Sci 2016; 121:333-341. [PMID: 27420798 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2016.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2016] [Revised: 07/02/2016] [Accepted: 07/07/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the physicochemical and structural properties of composite gels prepared with porcine myofibrillar protein (MP) and lard, glycerolized lard (GL) or purified glycerolized lard (PGL). The gels prepared with MP and GL or PGL had significantly higher penetration force and water-holding capacity (WHC) than the gel with lard (P<0.05) and formed a more compact and orderly microstructure. Compared with the distributions of T2 relaxation times of the pure MP gel, T21 and T22 of the gels that were prepared with GL or PGL moved in the direction of slower relaxation time, which suggests that the water mobility in the gel system was restricted. The presence of lard, GL and PGL did not affect the participating proteins in composite gels. The presence of GL and PGL altered the secondary and tertiary structures of MP in composite gels, which changed the gel properties. In general, the composite gels that were prepared with MP and GL or PGL showed improved gel quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqin Diao
- College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 15000, China; College of Food and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Suihua University, Suihua, Heilongjiang 152061, China
| | - Haining Guan
- College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 15000, China; College of Food and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Suihua University, Suihua, Heilongjiang 152061, China
| | - Xinxin Zhao
- College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 15000, China
| | - Xinping Diao
- College of Animal Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 15000, China
| | - Baohua Kong
- College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 15000, China.
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Shao JH, Deng YM, Song L, Batur A, Jia N, Liu DY. Investigation the effects of protein hydration states on the mobility water and fat in meat batters by LF-NMR technique. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2015.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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16
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Mulas G, Roggio T, Uzzau S, Anedda R. A new magnetic resonance imaging approach for discriminating Sardinian sheep milk cheese made from heat-treated or raw milk. J Dairy Sci 2013; 96:7393-403. [PMID: 24119804 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2013-6607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2013] [Accepted: 08/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The evaluation of milk heat treatment on dairy products via reliable analytical methods is a challenging issue that involves both industrial and fundamental research. We describe a new magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) protocol for discriminating Sardinian sheep milk cheese originating from heat-treated or raw milk. Thirty-six samples (18 pecorino cheeses manufactured from heat-treated milk and 18 Fiore Sardo cheeses made from raw milk) were investigated by means of MRI and bi-exponential signal decay analysis. The protocol is capable of discerning cheeses by virtue of the different distribution of the transversal (T2) relaxation time constant. Cheeses from heat-treated milk showed a significantly higher area fraction (≈70-80%), corresponding to the fast relaxing water protons (T2 ≈ 9 ms), compared with raw milk cheeses, whereas the opposite was observed for the long T2 (T2 ≈ 35 ms) proton population. The MRI protocol described is rapid and nondestructive, and it provides statistically significant discrimination between ewe milk cheeses made from heat-treated and raw milk.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Mulas
- Porto Conte Ricerche S.r.l., SP 55 Porto Conte/Capo Caccia Km 8.400, Loc Tramariglio 07041 Alghero (SS), Italy
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18
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El-Bakry M, Duggan E, O’Riordan E, O’Sullivan M. Effect of cation, sodium or potassium, on casein hydration and fat emulsification during imitation cheese manufacture and post-manufacture functionality. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2011.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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19
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Haque E, Bhandari BR, Gidley MJ, Deeth HC, Whittaker AK. Ageing-induced solubility loss in milk protein concentrate powder: effect of protein conformational modifications and interactions with water. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2011; 91:2576-2581. [PMID: 21656776 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.4478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2010] [Revised: 04/10/2011] [Accepted: 04/18/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Protein conformational modifications and water-protein interactions are two major factors believed to induce instability of protein and eventually affect the solubility of milk protein concentrate (MPC) powder. To test these hypotheses, MPC was stored at different water activities (a(w) 0.0-0.85) and temperatures (25 and 45 °C) for up to 12 weeks. Samples were examined periodically to determine solubility, change in protein conformation by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and water status (interaction of water with the protein molecule/surface) by measuring the transverse relaxation time (T(2) ) with proton nuclear magnetic resonance ((1) H NMR). RESULTS The solubility of MPC decreased significantly with ageing and this process was enhanced by increasing water activity (a(w) ) and temperature. Minor changes in protein secondary structure were observed with FTIR which indicated some degree of unfolding of protein molecules. The NMR T(2) results indicated the presence of three distinct populations of water molecules and the proton signal intensity and T(2) values of proton fractions varied with storage condition (humidity) and ageing. CONCLUSION Results suggest that protein/protein interactions may be initiated by unfolding of protein molecules that eventually affects solubility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enamul Haque
- School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
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El-Bakry M, Beninati F, Duggan E, O'Riordan E, O'Sullivan M. Reducing salt in imitation cheese: Effects on manufacture and functional properties. Food Res Int 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2010.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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21
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El-Bakry M, Duggan E, O’Riordan E, O’Sullivan M. Casein hydration and fat emulsification during manufacture of imitation cheese, and effects of emulsifying salts reduction. J FOOD ENG 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2010.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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22
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Effect of chelating salt type on casein hydration and fat emulsification during manufacture and post-manufacture functionality of imitation cheese. J FOOD ENG 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2010.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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23
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24
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El-Bakry M, Duggan E, O'Riordan E, O'Sullivan M. Small scale imitation cheese manufacture using a Farinograph. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2010.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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25
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Haque E, Bhandari BR, Gidley MJ, Deeth HC, Møller SM, Whittaker AK. Protein conformational modifications and kinetics of water-protein interactions in milk protein concentrate powder upon aging: effect on solubility. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2010; 58:7748-7755. [PMID: 20536137 DOI: 10.1021/jf1007055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Protein conformational modifications and water-protein interactions are two major factors believed to induce instability of protein and eventually affect the solubility of milk protein concentrate (MPC) powder. To test these hypotheses, MPC was stored at different water activities (a(w) 0.0-0.85) and temperatures (25 and 45 degrees C) for up to 12 weeks. Samples were examined periodically to determine solubility, change in protein conformation by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and principal component analysis (PCA), and water status (interaction of water with the protein molecule/surface) by measuring the transverse relaxation time (T(2)) with proton nuclear magnetic resonance ((1)H NMR). The solubility of MPC decreased significantly with aging, and this process was enhanced by increasing water activity (a(w)) and storage temperature. Minor changes in protein secondary structure were observed with FTIR, which indicated some degree of unfolding of protein molecules. PCA of the FTIR data was able to discriminate samples according to moisture content and storage period. Partial least-squares (PLS) analysis showed some correlation between FTIR spectral feature and solubility. The NMR T(2) results indicated the presence of three distinct populations of water molecules, and the proton signal intensity and T(2) values of proton fractions varied with storage conditions (humidity, temperature) and aging. Results suggest that protein/protein interactions may be initiated by unfolding of protein molecules that eventually affects solubility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enamul Haque
- School of Land, Crop and Food Sciences, University of Queensland, QLD 4072 Australia
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