1
|
Li D, Rao H, Xu Y, Zhang M, Zhang J, Luo J. Monotherapy vs combination therapy in patients with Klebsiella pneumoniae bloodstream infection: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Infect Chemother 2024; 30:372-378. [PMID: 38369125 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiac.2024.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Revised: 12/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine whether mortality is lower in patients with Klebsiella pneumoniae bloodstream infection (BSI) who receive combination antimicrobial therapy than in those who receive monotherapy. METHODS Two authors independently searched for relevant articles in the PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library databases through to August 10, 2023. Risk of bias was evaluated using the ROBINS-I tool. Possible sources of heterogeneity were evaluated by meta-regression using a mixed-effects model. RESULTS Among 8044 articles screened, there were 23 studies (3443 patients) that were eligible for meta-analysis. Meta-regression analysis identified the proportion of patients with carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP) BSI to be a potential source of heterogeneity. Subgroup analysis showed that mortality on monotherapy was significantly higher when the proportion of patients with CRKP BSI was ≥50% (OR 1.75, 95% CI 1.33-2.30) and significantly lower when this proportion was <50% (OR 0.55, 95% CI 0.24-1.24). Overall mortality was significantly higher on tigecycline monotherapy (OR 2.86, 95% CI 1.46-5.59) than on combination therapy containing both these agents. There was a trend in favor of colistin/polymyxin B-containing combination therapy (OR 1.37, 95% CI 0.83-2.28). CONCLUSIONS Combination antimicrobial therapy can lower mortality in patients with CRKP but may not show a survival advantage over monotherapy when the proportion of patients with CRKP BSI is <50%. High-quality prospective observational studies are needed because of the high risk of bias and limited data in the studies performed to date.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dan Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Qionglai Medical Center Hospital , Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Huayun Rao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Qionglai Medical Center Hospital , Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yi Xu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Qionglai Medical Center Hospital , Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Qionglai Medical Center Hospital , Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jianrong Luo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Qionglai Medical Center Hospital , Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Baig M, Rahim S, Naseem Khan R, Memon DD, Ansari ZA, Athar Khan M. Efficacy of Intravenous Colistin Monotherapy Versus Colistin Combined With Meropenem in Patients With Multidrug-Resistant Infections: A Retrospective Observational Study. Cureus 2023; 15:e47342. [PMID: 38022127 PMCID: PMC10657236 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.47342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Intensive care units frequently contend with infections caused by highly drug-resistant organisms, particularly Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Enterobacterales (CRE), which often lead to high mortality rates. Colistin (colomycin) is employed to treat infections, notably extremely drug-resistant (XDR) bacteria. Antibiotic combination treatment is a frequently used tactic in this endeavour. However, the widespread use of antibiotics in synergy could result in the emergence of resistance and a rise in side effects, such as those linked to Clostridium difficile infection. The aim of the study was to assess and contrast the clinical results of intravenous colistin monotherapy with the combination of colistin and meropenem in patients experiencing MDR bacteremia resulting from Acinetobacter Baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Enterobacterales (CRE). Methods In this retrospective observational study, an analysis spanning two years, from June 2021 to June 2023, was conducted at a teaching hospital located in Karachi, Pakistan. The research involved the retrospective examination of medical records from 132 patients who had been diagnosed with MDR bacteremia. Patients were divided into two categories based on their treatment regimen, either intravenous colistin monotherapy or intravenous colistin combined with meropenem. Among the 132 patients included in the analysis, 66 underwent colistin monotherapy, while the other 66 received a combination of colistin and meropenem. The primary focus of evaluation in this study centered on the 14-day all-cause mortality, while secondary outcomes encompassed clinical success and microbiologic cure. Results The mean age of patients in both groups was comparable, and there were no noteworthy gender differences. Additionally, the distribution of infection types and the isolated pathogens showed no substantial distinctions between the two groups. The study revealed no statistically significant disparities in 14-day mortality, improvement in Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score, or the proportion of patients who were cured and survived between the two treatment groups. Conclusion The findings from this study lead to the conclusion that there exists no significant disparity in the efficacy of colistin monotherapy compared to the combination of colistin with meropenem in the treatment of MDR bacteremia stemming from Acinetobacter Baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Enterobacterales (CRE). The results provide a basis for future research and underscore the significance of ongoing endeavors to refine antibiotic treatment strategies in response to the worldwide issue of antibiotic resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mehwish Baig
- Intensive Care Unit, Liaquat College of Medicine and Dentistry, Darul Sehat Hospital, Karachi, PAK
| | - Sana Rahim
- Intensive Care Unit, Liaquat College of Medicine and Dentistry, Darul Sehat Hospital, Karachi, PAK
| | - Rashid Naseem Khan
- Internal Medicine, Liaquat College of Medicine and Dentistry, Darul Sehat Hospital, Karachi, PAK
| | | | - Zaid A Ansari
- Internal Medicine, Liaquat College of Medicine and Dentistry, Darul Sehat Hospital, Karachi, PAK
| | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Aslan AT, Ezure Y, Horcajada JP, Harris PNA, Paterson DL. In vitro, in vivo and clinical studies comparing the efficacy of ceftazidime-avibactam monotherapy with ceftazidime-avibactam-containing combination regimens against carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales and multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates or infections: a scoping review. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1249030. [PMID: 37727767 PMCID: PMC10506411 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1249030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE) and multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MDR-PA) infections are associated with a high risk of morbidity, mortality, and treatment costs. We aimed to evaluate in vitro, in vivo and clinical studies comparing the efficacy of ceftazidime-avibactam (CZA) combination regimens with CZA alone against CRE and/or MDR-PA isolates or infections. Methods We systematically reviewed the relevant literature in CINAHL/MEDLINE, Pubmed, Cochrane, Web of Science, Embase, and Scopus until December 1, 2022. Review articles, grey literature, abstracts, comments, editorials, non-peer reviewed articles, non-English articles, and in vitro synergy studies conducted on single isolates were excluded. Results 22 in vitro, 7 in vivo and 20 clinical studies were evaluated. In vitro studies showed reliable synergy between CZA and aztreonam against metallo-β-lactamase (MBL)-producing isolates. Some studies indicated good in vitro synergy between CZA and amikacin, meropenem, fosfomycin and polymyxins against CRE isolates. For MDR-PA isolates, there are comparatively fewer in vitro or in vivo studies. In observational clinical studies, mortality, clinical cure, adverse events, and development of CZA resistance after exposure were generally similar in monotherapy and combination therapy groups. However, antibiotic-related nephrotoxicity and infection relapses were higher in patients receiving CZA combination therapies. Discussion The benefit, if any, of CZA combination regimens in MDR-PA infections is elusive, as very few clinical studies have included these infections. There is no currently documented clinical benefit for the use of CZA combination regimens rather than CZA monotherapy. CZA combined with aztreonam for serious infections due to MBL producers should be evaluated by randomized controlled trials. Systematic review registration https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=278552, CRD42021278552.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah Tarık Aslan
- Faculty of Medicine, UQ Centre for Clinical Research, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Yukiko Ezure
- Faculty of Medicine, UQ Centre for Clinical Research, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Juan Pablo Horcajada
- Faculty of Medicine, UQ Centre for Clinical Research, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Infectious Diseases Department, Hospital del Mar, Institut Hospital Del Mar d’Investigacions Mèdiques (IMIM), Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBERINFEC, ISCIII – CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Patrick N. A. Harris
- Faculty of Medicine, UQ Centre for Clinical Research, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Central Microbiology, Pathology Queensland, Royal Brisbane and Women’s Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - David L. Paterson
- ADVANCE-ID, Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Shi R, Fu Y, Gan Y, Wu D, Zhou S, Huang M. Use of polymyxin B with different administration methods in the critically ill patients with ventilation associated pneumonia: a single-center experience. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1222044. [PMID: 37719858 PMCID: PMC10502420 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1222044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Whether nebulized polymyxin B should be used as an adjunctive therapy or substitution strategy to intravenous polymyxin B for the treatment of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) remains controversial. This study's aim is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of different administration ways of polymyxin B in the treatment of ventilator-associated pneumonia caused by extensively drug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria(XDR-GNB). Methods: This retrospective cohort study enrolled ventilator-associated pneumonia patients caused by XDR-GNB treated with polymyxin B in the intensive care unit. Patients were categorized by the administration methods as intravenous (IV) group, inhaled (IH) group, and the intravenous combined with inhaled (IV + IH) group. Microbiological outcome and clinical outcome were compared in each group. The side effects were also explored. Results: A total of 111 patients were enrolled and there was no difference in demographic and clinical characteristics among the three groups. In terms of efficacy, clinical cure or improvement was achieved in 21 patients (55.3%) in the intravenous group, 19 patients (50%) in the IH group, and 20 patients (57.1%) in IV + IH group (p = 0.815). All three groups showed high success rates in microbiological eradication, as 29 patients with negative cultures after medication in inhaled group. Among all the patients who had negative bacterial cultures after polymyxin B, the inhaled group had significantly shorter clearance time than the intravenous group (p = 0.002), but with no significant difference in 28-day mortality. Compared with intravenous group, a trend towards a lower risk of acute kidney injury was observed in inhaled group (p = 0.025). Conclusion: From the perspective of minimal systemic renal toxicity, nebulized polymyxin B as a substitution strategy to intravenous polymyxin B for the treatment of ventilator-associated pneumonia caused by XDR-GNB is feasible.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rupeng Shi
- Department of Geriatric ICU, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuanyuan Fu
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yujing Gan
- Department of Geriatric ICU, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Danying Wu
- Department of Geriatric ICU, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Suming Zhou
- Department of Geriatric ICU, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Min Huang
- Department of Geriatric ICU, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Thy M, Timsit JF, de Montmollin E. Aminoglycosides for the Treatment of Severe Infection Due to Resistant Gram-Negative Pathogens. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:antibiotics12050860. [PMID: 37237763 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12050860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Aminoglycosides are a family of rapidly bactericidal antibiotics that often remain active against resistant Gram-negative bacterial infections. Over the past decade, their use in critically ill patients has been refined; however, due to their renal and cochleovestibular toxicity, their indications in the treatment of sepsis and septic shock have been gradually reduced. This article reviews the spectrum of activity, mode of action, and methods for optimizing the efficacy of aminoglycosides. We discuss the current indications for aminoglycosides, with an emphasis on multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria, such as extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Enterobacterales, carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales, multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii. Additionally, we review the evidence for the use of nebulized aminoglycosides.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michaël Thy
- Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Service de Médecine Intensive et Réanimation Infectieuse, Hôpital Bichat Claude-Bernard, Université Paris Cité, 46 Rue Henri Huchard, 75018 Paris, France
- Equipe d'accueil (EA) 7323, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutic Evaluation in Children and Pregnant Women, Université Paris Cité, 75018 Paris, France
| | - Jean-François Timsit
- Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Service de Médecine Intensive et Réanimation Infectieuse, Hôpital Bichat Claude-Bernard, Université Paris Cité, 46 Rue Henri Huchard, 75018 Paris, France
- Unité mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1137, Infection, Antimicrobials, Modelization, Epidemiology (IAME), Institut National de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université Paris Cité, 75018 Paris, France
| | - Etienne de Montmollin
- Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Service de Médecine Intensive et Réanimation Infectieuse, Hôpital Bichat Claude-Bernard, Université Paris Cité, 46 Rue Henri Huchard, 75018 Paris, France
- Unité mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1137, Infection, Antimicrobials, Modelization, Epidemiology (IAME), Institut National de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université Paris Cité, 75018 Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Kogilathota Jagirdhar GS, Rama K, Reddy ST, Pattnaik H, Qasba RK, Elmati PR, Kashyap R, Schito M, Gupta N. Efficacy of Cefoperazone Sulbactam in Patients with Acinetobacter Infections: A Systematic Review of the Literature. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:antibiotics12030582. [PMID: 36978449 PMCID: PMC10044834 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12030582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Acinetobacter baumannii (AB) is a multidrug-resistant pathogen commonly associated with nosocomial infections. The resistance profile and ability to produce biofilm make it a complicated organism to treat effectively. Cefoperazone sulbactam (CS) is commonly used to treat AB, but the associated data are scarce. Methods: We conducted a systematic review of articles downloaded from Cochrane, Embase, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science (through June 2022) to study the efficacy of CS in treating AB infections. Our review evaluated patients treated with CS alone and CS in combination with other antibiotics separately. The following outcomes were studied: clinical cure, microbiological cure, and mortality from any cause. Results: We included 16 studies where CS was used for the treatment of AB infections. This included 11 studies where CS was used alone and 10 studies where CS was used in combination. The outcomes were similar in both groups. We found that the pooled clinical cure, microbiological cure, and mortality with CS alone for AB were 70%, 44%, and 20%, respectively. The pooled clinical cure, microbiological cure, and mortality when CS was used in combination with other antibiotics were 72%, 43%, and 21%, respectively. Conclusions: CS alone or in combination needs to be further explored for the treatment of AB infections. There is a need for randomized controlled trials with comparator drugs to evaluate the drug’s effectiveness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Kaanthi Rama
- Gandhi Medical College and Hospital, Secunderabad 500003, Telangana, India
| | - Shiva Teja Reddy
- Gandhi Medical College and Hospital, Secunderabad 500003, Telangana, India
| | | | | | - Praveen Reddy Elmati
- Interventional Pain Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40208, USA
| | - Rahul Kashyap
- Critical Care Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55092, USA
| | - Marco Schito
- CURE Drug Repurposing Collaboratory (CDRC), Critical Path Institute, 1730 E River Rd, Tucson, AZ 85718, USA
| | - Nitin Gupta
- Department of Infectious Disease, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, India
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Moshynets OV, Baranovskyi TP, Iungin OS, Krikunov AA, Potochilova VV, Rudnieva KL, Potters G, Pokholenko I. Therapeutic Potential of an Azithromycin-Colistin Combination against XDR K. pneumoniae in a 3D Collagen-Based In Vitro Wound Model of a Biofilm Infection. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:antibiotics12020293. [PMID: 36830203 PMCID: PMC9952533 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12020293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
A therapeutic combination of azithromycin (AZM) and colistin methanesulfonate (CMS) was shown to be effective against both non-PDR and PDR Klebsiella pneumoniae biofilms in vitro. These anti-biofilm effects, however, may not correlate with effects observed in standard plate assays, nor will they representative of in vivo therapeutic action. After all, biofilm-associated infection processes are also impacted by the presence of wound bed components, such as host cells or wound fluids, which can all affect the antibiotic effectiveness. Therefore, an in vitro wound model of biofilm infection which partially mimics the complex microenvironment of infected wounds was developed to investigate the therapeutic potential of an AZM-CMS combination against XDR K. pneumoniae isolates. The model consists of a 3D collagen sponge-like scaffold seeded with HEK293 cells submerged in a fluid milieu mimicking the wound bed exudate. Media that were tested were all based on different strengths of Dulbecco's modified Eagles/high glucose medium supplemented with fetal bovine serum, and/or Bacto Proteose peptone. Use of this model confirmed AZM to be a highly effective antibiofilm component, when applied alone or in combination with CMS, whereas CMS alone had little antibacterial effectiveness or even stimulated biofilm development. The wound model proposed here proves therefore, to be an effective aid in the study of drug combinations under realistic conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Olena V. Moshynets
- Biofilm Study Group, Department of Cell Regulatory Mechanisms, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Zabolotnoho Str. 150, 03680 Kyiv, Ukraine
- Correspondence: (O.V.M.); (G.P.)
| | - Taras P. Baranovskyi
- CeMM, Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Lazarettgasse 14, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Olga S. Iungin
- Biofilm Study Group, Department of Cell Regulatory Mechanisms, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Zabolotnoho Str. 150, 03680 Kyiv, Ukraine
- Department of Biotechnology, Leather and Fur, Faculty of Chemical and Biopharmaceutical Technologies, Kyiv National University of Technologies and Design, Nemyrovycha-Danchenka Street 2, 01011 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Alexey A. Krikunov
- National Amosov Institute of Cardio-Vascular Surgery Affiliated to National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine, Amosov Str. 6, 02000 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | | | - Kateryna L. Rudnieva
- Kyiv Regional Clinical Hospital, Baggovutovskaya Str. 1, 04107 Kyiv, Ukraine
- Department of Microbiology, Virology and Immunology, Bogomolets National Medical University, Shevchenka Blvd. 13, 01601 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Geert Potters
- Antwerp Maritime Academy, Noordkasteel Oost 6, 2030 Antwerp, Belgium
- Department of Bioscience Engineering, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
- Correspondence: (O.V.M.); (G.P.)
| | - Ianina Pokholenko
- Department of Cell Regulatory Mechanisms, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 150 Zabolotnoho Str., 03680 Kyiv, Ukraine
- The Polymer Chemistry & Biomaterials Group, Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281, S4-Bis, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Abushanab D, Nasr ZG, Al-Badriyeh D. Efficacy and Safety of Colistin versus Tigecycline for Multi-Drug-Resistant and Extensively Drug-Resistant Gram-Negative Pathogens-A Meta-Analysis. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:1630. [PMID: 36421274 PMCID: PMC9686723 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11111630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: We intended to compare the efficacy and safety outcomes of colistin versus tigecycline as monotherapy or combination therapy against multi-drug resistant (MDR) and extensively drug-resistant (XDR) pathogens. Methods: A search was conducted in PubMed, Cochrane CENTRAL, EMBASE, and in the grey literature (i.e., ClinicalTrials.gov and Google Scholar) up to May 2021. Outcomes were clinical response, mortality, infection recurrence, and renal and hepatic toxicity. We pooled odd ratios (OR) using heterogeneity-guided random or fixed models at a statistical significance of p < 0.05. Results: Fourteen observational studies involving 1163 MDR/XDR pathogens, receiving tigecycline versus colistin monotherapy or combination, were included. Base-case analyses revealed insignificant differences in the clinical response, reinfection, and hepatic impairment. The 30-day mortality was significantly relatively reduced with tigecycline monotherapy (OR = 0.35, 95% CI 0.16−0.75, p = 0.007). The colistin monotherapy significantly relatively reduced in-hospital mortality (OR = 2.27, 95%CI 1.24−4.16, p = 0.008). Renal impairment rates were lower with tigecycline monotherapy or in combination, and were lower with monotherapy versus colistin-tigecycline combination. Low-risk of bias and moderate/high evidence quality were associated with all studies. Conclusions: Within the limitations of this study, it can be concluded that there were no statistically significant differences in main efficacy outcomes between colistin and tigecycline monotherapies or combinations against MDR/XDR infections, except for lower rates of 30-day mortality with tigecycline and in-hospital mortality with colistin. Tigecycline was associated with favourable renal toxicity outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dina Abushanab
- Department of Pharmacy, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha 3050, Qatar
| | - Ziad G. Nasr
- College of Pharmacy, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar
| | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Tiseo G, Brigante G, Giacobbe DR, Maraolo AE, Gona F, Falcone M, Giannella M, Grossi P, Pea F, Rossolini GM, Sanguinetti M, Sarti M, Scarparo C, Tumbarello M, Venditti M, Viale P, Bassetti M, Luzzaro F, Menichetti F, Stefani S, Tinelli M. Diagnosis and management of infections caused by multidrug-resistant bacteria: guideline endorsed by the Italian Society of Infection and Tropical Diseases (SIMIT), the Italian Society of Anti-Infective Therapy (SITA), the Italian Group for Antimicrobial Stewardship (GISA), the Italian Association of Clinical Microbiologists (AMCLI) and the Italian Society of Microbiology (SIM). Int J Antimicrob Agents 2022; 60:106611. [PMID: 35697179 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2022.106611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Management of patients with infections caused by multidrug-resistant organisms is challenging and requires a multidisciplinary approach to achieve successful clinical outcomes. The aim of this paper is to provide recommendations for the diagnosis and optimal management of these infections, with a focus on targeted antibiotic therapy. The document was produced by a panel of experts nominated by the five endorsing Italian societies, namely the Italian Association of Clinical Microbiologists (AMCLI), the Italian Group for Antimicrobial Stewardship (GISA), the Italian Society of Microbiology (SIM), the Italian Society of Infectious and Tropical Diseases (SIMIT) and the Italian Society of Anti-Infective Therapy (SITA). Population, Intervention, Comparison and Outcomes (PICO) questions about microbiological diagnosis, pharmacological strategies and targeted antibiotic therapy were addressed for the following pathogens: carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales; carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa; carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii; and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. A systematic review of the literature published from January 2011 to November 2020 was guided by the PICO strategy. As data from randomised controlled trials (RCTs) were expected to be limited, observational studies were also reviewed. The certainty of evidence was classified using the GRADE approach. Recommendations were classified as strong or conditional. Detailed recommendations were formulated for each pathogen. The majority of available RCTs have serious risk of bias, and many observational studies have several limitations, including small sample size, retrospective design and presence of confounders. Thus, some recommendations are based on low or very-low certainty of evidence. Importantly, these recommendations should be continually updated to reflect emerging evidence from clinical studies and real-world experience.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giusy Tiseo
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Pisana, University of Pisa, Via Paradisa 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Gioconda Brigante
- Clinical Pathology Laboratory, ASST Valle Olona, Busto Arsizio, Italy
| | - Daniele Roberto Giacobbe
- Department of Health Sciences (DISSAL), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy; Clinica Malattie Infettive, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | | | - Floriana Gona
- Emerging Bacterial Pathogens Unit, Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Falcone
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Pisana, University of Pisa, Via Paradisa 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Maddalena Giannella
- Infectious Diseases Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Paolo Grossi
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Unit, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria-ASST-Sette Laghi, Varese, Italy
| | - Federico Pea
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; SSD Clinical Pharmacology, Department for Integrated Infectious Risk Management, IRCCS, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Gian Maria Rossolini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy, and Microbiology and Virology Unit, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Maurizio Sanguinetti
- Microbiology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario 'A. Gemelli' IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo 'A. Gemelli', Rome, Italy
| | - Mario Sarti
- Clinical Microbiology Laboratory, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Claudio Scarparo
- Clinical Microbiology Laboratory, Angel's Hospital, AULSS3 Serenissima, Mestre, Venice, Italy
| | - Mario Tumbarello
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Mario Venditti
- Policlinico 'Umberto I', Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, 'Sapienza' University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Pierluigi Viale
- Infectious Diseases Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Matteo Bassetti
- Department of Health Sciences (DISSAL), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy; Clinica Malattie Infettive, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Francesco Luzzaro
- Clinical Microbiology and Virology Unit, A. Manzoni Hospital, Lecco, Italy
| | - Francesco Menichetti
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Pisana, University of Pisa, Via Paradisa 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Stefania Stefani
- Medical Molecular Microbiology and Antibiotic Resistance Laboratory (MMARLab), Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences (BIOMETEC), University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Marco Tinelli
- Infectious Diseases Consultation Service, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Shah MH, McAleese S, Kadam S, Parikh T, Vaidya U, Sanghavi S, Johnson J. Emerging Antibiotic Resistance Patterns in a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit in Pune, India: A 2-Year Retrospective Study. Front Pediatr 2022; 10:864115. [PMID: 35757124 PMCID: PMC9226713 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2022.864115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Treating neonatal bloodstream infections and meningitis in South Asia remains difficult given high rates of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). To evaluate changing epidemiology of neonatal infections, we assessed pathogen-specific and clinical features of culture-proven infections in neonates admitted to a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) in Pune, India. Materials and Methods This retrospective cohort study was performed in the King Edward Memorial Hospital and Research Center NICU over 2 years between January 1, 2017 and December 31, 2018. We included all neonates admitted to the NICU with positive blood or cerebrospinal fluid cultures. Demographic, clinical, and microbiologic data were collected from the medical record. We reviewed antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) of all isolates. Results There were 93 culture-positive infections in 83 neonates, including 11 cases of meningitis. Fifteen (18%) neonates died. Gram-negative pathogens predominated (85%) and AST showed 74% resistance to aminoglycosides, 95% resistance to third/fourth generation cephalosporins, and 56% resistance to carbapenems. Resistance to colistin was present in 30% of Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates. Birth weight <1,000 g [odds ratio (OR) 6.0, p < 0.002], invasive respiratory support (OR 7.7, p = 0.001), and antibiotics at the time of culture (OR 4.2, p = 0.019) were associated with increased risk of mortality. Rates of AMR to all major antibiotic classes were similar between early onset and late onset infections. There was no association between carbapenem resistance and mortality. Conclusion In our NICU in India, there are high rates of AMR among Gram-negative pathogens that are predominantly responsible for infections. Given higher colistin resistance in this cohort than previously reported, hospitals should consider routinely testing for colistin resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Samuel McAleese
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Sandeep Kadam
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, King Edward Memorial Hospital & Research Centre, Pune, India
| | - Tushar Parikh
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, King Edward Memorial Hospital & Research Centre, Pune, India
| | - Umesh Vaidya
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, King Edward Memorial Hospital & Research Centre, Pune, India
| | - Sonali Sanghavi
- Department of Microbiology, King Edward Memorial Hospital & Research Centre, Pune, India
| | - Julia Johnson
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Colistin Monotherapy versus Colistin plus Meropenem Combination Therapy for the Treatment of Multidrug-Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii Infection: A Meta-Analysis. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11113239. [PMID: 35683622 PMCID: PMC9181109 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11113239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Introduction: Colistin combination therapy with other antibiotics is a way to enhance colistin activity. The purpose of this meta-analysis was to compare the efficacy and safety of treatment with colistin monotherapy versus colistin plus meropenem combination therapy in patients with drug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii infection. (2) Methods: All studies were included if they reported one or more of the following outcomes: clinical improvement, complete microbiological response, 14-day mortality, hospital mortality, or nephrotoxicity. (3) Results: Three randomized controlled trials and seven retrospective studies were included in the meta-analysis. Colistin monotherapy has similar rates of clinical improvement, 14-day mortality, hospital mortality, and nephrotoxicity as colistin plus meropenem combination therapy. Regarding complete microbiological response, the colistin plus meropenem combination was better than colistin monotherapy. (4) Discussion: Previous meta-analyses demonstrated heterogeneity in study quality and a lack of evidence supporting the use of colistin-based combination therapy. Our meta-analysis clearly showed that colistin combined with meropenem was not superior to colistin monotherapy for the treatment of Acinetobacter baumannii infection. (5) Conclusions: The efficacy and safety of treatment with colistin monotherapy and that of colistin plus meropenem combination therapy in patients with drug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii infection were comparable. The majority of the evidence was obtained from nonrandomized studies, and high-quality randomized controlled trials are needed to confirm the role of colistin plus meropenem combination therapy in the treatment of multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii infection.
Collapse
|
12
|
Efficacy of Combination Therapies for the Treatment of Multi-Drug Resistant Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections Based on Meta-Analyses. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11040524. [PMID: 35453274 PMCID: PMC9027966 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11040524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
There is increasing evidence regarding the optimal therapeutic strategies for multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria that cause common infections and are resistant to existing antibiotics. Combination therapies, such as β-lactam combined with β-lactamase inhibitors or combination antibiotics, is a therapeutic strategy to overcome MDR bacteria. In recent years, the therapeutic options have expanded as certain combination drugs have been approved in more countries. However, only a handful of guidelines support these options, and the recommendations are based on low-quality evidence. This review describes the significance and efficacy of combination therapy as a therapeutic strategy against Gram-negative MDR pathogens based on previously reported meta-analyses.
Collapse
|
13
|
Bartal C, Rolston KVI, Nesher L. Carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii: Colonization, Infection and Current Treatment Options. Infect Dis Ther 2022; 11:683-694. [PMID: 35175509 PMCID: PMC8960525 DOI: 10.1007/s40121-022-00597-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (CRAB) causes colonization and infection predominantly in hospitalized patients. Distinction between the two is a challenge. When CRAB is isolated from a non-sterile site (soft tissue, respiratory samples, etc.), it probably represents colonization unless clear signs of infection (fever, elevated white blood count, elevated inflammatory markers and abnormal imaging) are present. Treatment is warranted only for true infections. In normally sterile sites (blood, cerebrospinal fluid) the presence of indwelling medical devices (catheters, stents) should be considered when evaluating positive cultures. In the absence of such devices, the isolate represents an infection and should be treated. If an indwelling device is present and there are no signs of active infection, the device should be replaced if possible, and no treatment is required. If there are signs of an active infection the device should be removed or replaced, and treatment should be administered. Current treatments options and clinical data are limited. No agent or combination regimen has been shown to be superior to any other in randomized clinical trials. Ampicillin-sulbactam appears to have the best evidence for initial use. This is probably due to its ability to saturate penicillin-binding proteins 1 and 3 when given in high dose. Tigecycline when used should be given in high dose as well. Polymyxins are a treatment option but are difficult to dose correctly and have significant side effects. Newer treatment options such as eravacycline and cefiderocol have potential; however, currently there are not enough data to support their use as single agents. Combination therapy appears to be the best treatment option and should always include high-dose ampicillin-sulbactam combined with another active agent such as high-dose tigecycline, polymyxins, etc. These infections require a high complexity of skill, and an infectious disease specialist should be involved in the management of these patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carmi Bartal
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Internal Medicine, Soroka Medical Center, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheba, Israel
| | - Kenneth V I Rolston
- The Department of Infectious Diseases, Infection Control, and Employee Health, Unit 1460, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Lior Nesher
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Internal Medicine, Soroka Medical Center, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheba, Israel.
- Faculty of Health-Sciences, Infectious Disease Institute, Soroka Medical Center, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, 1 Rager Street, Beer-Sheba, Israel.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
The Role of Colistin in the Era of New β-Lactam/β-Lactamase Inhibitor Combinations. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11020277. [PMID: 35203879 PMCID: PMC8868358 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11020277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
With the current crisis related to the emergence of carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative bacteria (CR-GNB), classical treatment approaches with so-called “old-fashion antibiotics” are generally unsatisfactory. Newly approved β-lactam/β-lactamase inhibitors (BLBLIs) should be considered as the first-line treatment options for carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE) and carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa (CRPA) infections. However, colistin can be prescribed for uncomplicated lower urinary tract infections caused by CR-GNB by relying on its pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties. Similarly, colistin can still be regarded as an alternative therapy for infections caused by carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (CRAB) until new and effective agents are approved. Using colistin in combination regimens (i.e., including at least two in vitro active agents) can be considered in CRAB infections, and CRE infections with high risk of mortality. In conclusion, new BLBLIs have largely replaced colistin for the treatment of CR-GNB infections. Nevertheless, colistin may be needed for the treatment of CRAB infections and in the setting where the new BLBLIs are currently unavailable. In addition, with the advent of rapid diagnostic methods and novel antimicrobials, the application of personalized medicine has gained significant importance in the treatment of CRE infections.
Collapse
|
15
|
Tabah A, Buetti N, Barbier F, Timsit JF. Current opinion in management of septic shock due to Gram-negative bacteria. Curr Opin Infect Dis 2021; 34:718-727. [PMID: 34751185 DOI: 10.1097/qco.0000000000000767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The COVID-19 pandemic has caused multiple challenges to ICUs, including an increased rate of secondary infections, mostly caused by Gram-negative micro-organisms. Worrying trends of resistance acquisition complicate this picture. We provide a review of the latest evidence to guide management of patients with septic shock because of Gram-negative bacteria. RECENT FINDINGS New laboratory techniques to detect pathogens and specific resistance patterns from the initial culture are available. Those may assist decreasing the time to adequate antimicrobial therapy and avoid unnecessary broad-spectrum antibiotic overuse. New antimicrobials, including β-lactam/β-lactamase inhibitor combinations, such as ceftolozane-tazobactam, imipenem-relebactam or meropenem-vaborbactam and cephalosporins, such as cefiderocol targeted to specific pathogens and resistance patterns are available for use in the clinical setting. Optimization of antibiotic dosing and delivery should follow pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic principles and wherever available therapeutic drug monitoring. Management of sepsis has brought capillary refill time back to the spotlight along with more reasoned fluid resuscitation and a moderate approach to timing of dialysis initiation. SUMMARY Novel rapid diagnostic tests and antimicrobials specifically targeted to Gram-negative pathogens are available and should be used within the principles of antimicrobial stewardship including de-escalation and short duration of antimicrobial therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexis Tabah
- Intensive Care Unit, Redcliffe Hospital, Redcliffe.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Niccolò Buetti
- Infection Control Program and World Health Organization Collaborating Centre on Patient Safety, University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,University of Paris, INSERM U1137, IAME, Team DeSCID, Paris
| | | | - Jean-François Timsit
- University of Paris, INSERM U1137, IAME, Team DeSCID, Paris.,Medical and Infectious Diseases Intensive Care Unit (MI2), Bichat-Claude Bernard Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Haseeb A, Faidah HS, Alghamdi S, Alotaibi AF, Elrggal ME, Mahrous AJ, Almarzoky Abuhussain SS, Obaid NA, Algethamy M, AlQarni A, Khogeer AA, Saleem Z, Sheikh A. Dose Optimization of Colistin: A Systematic Review. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:antibiotics10121454. [PMID: 34943666 PMCID: PMC8698549 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10121454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Colistin is considered a last treatment option for multi-drug and extensively resistant Gram-negative infections. We aimed to assess the available data on the dosing strategy of colistin. A systematic review was performed to identify all published studies on the dose optimization of colistin. Grey literature and electronic databases were searched. Data were collected in a specified form and the quality of the included articles was then assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa scale for cohort studies, the Cochrane bias tool for randomized clinical trials (RCT), and the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) critical checklist for case reports. A total of 19 studies were included, of which 16 were cohort studies, one was a RCT, and two were case reports. A total of 18 studies proposed a dosing regimen for adults, while only one study proposed a dosing schedule for pediatric populations. As per the available evidence, a loading dose of 9 million international units (MIU) of colistin followed by a maintenance dose of 4.5 MIU every 12 h was considered the most appropriate dosing strategy to optimize the safety and efficacy of treatment and improve clinical outcomes. This review supports the administration of a loading dose followed by a maintenance dose of colistin in severe and life-threatening multi-drug Gram-negative bacterial infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Haseeb
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al Qura University, Makkah 24382, Saudi Arabia; (A.F.A.); (M.E.E.); (A.J.M.); (S.S.A.A.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +96-656-856-0776
| | - Hani Saleh Faidah
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al Qura University, Makkah 24382, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Saleh Alghamdi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Clinical Pharmacy, Al Baha University, Al Baha 65779, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Amal F. Alotaibi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al Qura University, Makkah 24382, Saudi Arabia; (A.F.A.); (M.E.E.); (A.J.M.); (S.S.A.A.)
| | - Mahmoud Essam Elrggal
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al Qura University, Makkah 24382, Saudi Arabia; (A.F.A.); (M.E.E.); (A.J.M.); (S.S.A.A.)
| | - Ahmad Jamal Mahrous
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al Qura University, Makkah 24382, Saudi Arabia; (A.F.A.); (M.E.E.); (A.J.M.); (S.S.A.A.)
| | - Safa S. Almarzoky Abuhussain
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al Qura University, Makkah 24382, Saudi Arabia; (A.F.A.); (M.E.E.); (A.J.M.); (S.S.A.A.)
| | - Najla A. Obaid
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al Qura University, Makkah 24382, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Manal Algethamy
- Alnoor Specialist Hospital, Department of Infection Prevention & Control Program, Makkah 24382, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Abdullmoin AlQarni
- Alnoor Specialist Hospital, Infectious Diseases Department, Makkah 24382, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Asim A. Khogeer
- Plan and Research Department, General Directorate of Health Affairs of Makkah Regiona, Ministry of Health, Makkah 24382, Saudi Arabia;
- Medical Genetics Unit, Maternity & Children Hospital, Makkah Healthcare Cluster, Ministry of Health, Makkah 24382, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zikria Saleem
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Lahore, Lahore 54000, Pakistan;
| | - Aziz Sheikh
- Usher Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Teviot Place, Edinburgh EH16 4UX, UK;
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Wang SH, Yang KY, Sheu CC, Chen WC, Chan MC, Feng JY, Chen CM, Wu BR, Zheng ZR, Chou YC, Peng CK. Efficacies of Colistin-Carbapenem versus Colistin-Tigecycline in Critically Ill Patients with CR-GNB-Associated Pneumonia: A Multicenter Observational Study. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:antibiotics10091081. [PMID: 34572663 PMCID: PMC8467228 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10091081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Evaluating the options for antibiotic treatment for carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative bacteria (CR-GNB)-associated pneumonia remains crucial. We compared the therapeutic efficacy and nephrotoxicity of two combination therapies, namely, colistin + carbapenem (CC) versus colistin + tigecycline (CT), for treating CR-GNB-related nosocomial pneumonia in critically ill patients. Methods: In this multicenter, retrospective, and cohort study, we recruited patients admitted to intensive care units and diagnosed with CR-GNB-associated nosocomial pneumonia. We divided the enrolled patients into CC (n = 62) and CT (n = 59) groups. After propensity score matching (n = 39), we compared the therapeutic efficacy by mortality, favorable outcome, and microbiological eradication and compared nephrotoxicity by acute kidney injury between groups. Results: There was no significant difference between the CC and CT groups regarding demographic characteristics and disease severities as assessed using the Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) II score, Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score, and other organ dysfunction variables. Therapeutic efficacy was non-significantly different between groups in all-cause mortality, favorable outcomes, and microbiological eradication at days 7, 14, and 28; as was the Kaplan-Meier analysis of 28-day survival. For nephrotoxicity, both groups had similar risks of developing acute kidney injury, evaluated using the Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes criteria (p = 1.000). Conclusions: Combination therapy with CC or CT had similar therapeutic efficacy and risk of developing acute kidney injury for treating CR-GNB-associated nosocomial pneumonia in critically ill patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Huei Wang
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan;
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan
| | - Kuang-Yao Yang
- Department of Chest Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112, Taiwan; (K.-Y.Y.); (J.-Y.F.)
- Institute of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
- Cancer Progression Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Chau-Chyun Sheu
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; (C.-C.S.); (C.-M.C.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Cheng Chen
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan;
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan;
- Department of Education, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Cheng Chan
- Division of Critical Care and Respiratory Therapy, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung 407, Taiwan;
- National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Yih Feng
- Department of Chest Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112, Taiwan; (K.-Y.Y.); (J.-Y.F.)
- School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Min Chen
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; (C.-C.S.); (C.-M.C.)
| | - Biing-Ru Wu
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan;
- Ph.D. Program in Translational Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
- Rong Hsing Research Center for Translational Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Zhe-Rong Zheng
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 402, Taiwan;
- Division of Chest Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung 407, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ching Chou
- School of Public Health, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan;
| | - Chung-Kan Peng
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan;
- Correspondence: or
| | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Saelim W, Changpradub D, Thunyaharn S, Juntanawiwat P, Nulsopapon P, Santimaleeworagun W. Colistin plus Sulbactam or Fosfomycin against Carbapenem-Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii: Improved Efficacy or Decreased Risk of Nephrotoxicity? Infect Chemother 2021; 53:128-140. [PMID: 34409786 PMCID: PMC8032916 DOI: 10.3947/ic.2021.0007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Acinetobacter baumannii has been recognized as a cause of nosocomial infection. To date, polymyxins, the last-resort therapeutic agents for carbapenem-resistant A. baumannii (CRAB). Thus, the small number of effective antibiotic options against CRAB represents a challenge to human health. This study examined the appropriate dosage regimens of colistin alone or in combination with sulbactam or fosfomycin using Monte Carlo simulation with the aims of improving efficacy and reducing the risk of nephrotoxicity. Materials and Methods Clinical CRAB isolates were obtained from patients admitted to Phramongkutklao Hospital in 2014 and 2015. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of colistin for each CRAB isolate was determined using the broth dilution method, whereas those of sulbactam and fosfomycin were determined using the agar dilution method. Each drug regimen was simulated using the Monte Carlo technique to calculate the probability of target attainment (PTA) and the cumulative fraction of response (CFR). Nephrotoxicity based on RIFLE (Risk, Injury, Failure, Loss of kidney function, and End-stage kidney disease) criteria was indicated by colistin trough concentration exceeding
≥3.3 µg/mL. Results A total of 50 CRAB isolates were included. The MIC50 and MIC90 were 64 and 128 µg/mL, respectively, for sulbactam, 256 and 2,048 µg/mL, respectively, for fosfomycin, and 1 and 4 µg/mL, respectively, for colistin. In patients with creatinine clearance of 91 – 130 m/min, the dosing regimens of 180 mg every 12 h and 150 mg every 8 h achieved ≥ 90% of target of the area under the free drug plasma concentration–time curve from 0 to 24 hr (fAUC24)/MIC ≥25 against isolates MICs of ≤0.25 and ≤0.5 µg/mL, respectively, and their rates of colistin trough concentration more than ≥3.3 µg/mL were 35 and 54%, respectively. Colistin combined with sulbactam or fosfomycin decreased the colistin MIC of CRAB isolates from 1 – 16 µg/mL to 0.0625 – 1 and 0.0625 – 2 µg/mL, respectively. Based on CFR ≥ 90%, no colistin monotherapy regimens in patients with creatinine clearance of 91 – 130 mL/min were effective against all of the studied CRAB isolates. For improving efficacy and reducing the risk of nephrotoxicity, colistin 150 mg given every 12 h together with sulbactam (≥6 g/day) or fosfomycin (≥18 g/day) was effective in patients with creatinine clearance of 91 – 130 mL/min. Additionally, both colistin combination regimens were effective against five colistin-resistant A. baumannii isolates. Conclusion Colistin monotherapy at the maximum recommended dose might not cover some CRAB isolates. Colistin combination therapy appears appropriate for achieving the pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic targets of CRAB treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weerayuth Saelim
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Dhitiwat Changpradub
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Phramongkutklao Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sudaluck Thunyaharn
- Faculty of Medical Technology, Nakhonratchasima College, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand
| | - Piraporn Juntanawiwat
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Clinical Pathology, Phramongkutklao Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Parnrada Nulsopapon
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand.,Antibiotic Optimization and Patient Care Project by Pharmaceutical Initiative for Resistant Bacteria and Infectious Diseases Working Group [PIRBIG]
| | - Wichai Santimaleeworagun
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand.,Antibiotic Optimization and Patient Care Project by Pharmaceutical Initiative for Resistant Bacteria and Infectious Diseases Working Group [PIRBIG].
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Savoldi A, Carrara E, Piddock LJV, Franceschi F, Ellis S, Chiamenti M, Bragantini D, Righi E, Tacconelli E. The role of combination therapy in the treatment of severe infections caused by carbapenem resistant gram-negatives: a systematic review of clinical studies. BMC Infect Dis 2021; 21:545. [PMID: 34107899 PMCID: PMC8188907 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-021-06253-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Effective treatment of sepsis due to carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative bacteria (CR-GNB) remains a challenge for clinicians worldwide. In recent years, the combination of antibiotics has become the preferred treatment strategy for CR-GNB infection. However, robust evidence to support this approach is lacking. This systematic review aimed at critically evaluating all available antibiotic options for CR-GNB sepsis with particular focus on combination. METHODS We systematically searched published literature from January 1945 until December 2018 for observational comparative and non-comparative studies and randomized trials examining any antibiotic option for CR-GNB. Studies were included if reporting microbiologically-confirmed infection caused by Acinetobacter baumannii, Enterobacteriaceae/Klebsiella spp., or Pseudomonas aeruginosa, reporting at least one of the study outcomes, and definitive antibiotic treatment. Carbapenem-resistance was defined as phenotypically-detected in vitro resistance to at least one of the following carbapenems: doripenem, ertapenem, imipenem, meropenem. Each antibiotic regimen was classified as "defined" when at least the molecular class(es) composing the regimen was detailed. Primary outcomes were 30-day and attributable mortality. Bayesian network meta-analysis (NMA) approach was selected for quantitative synthesis to explore feasibility of pooling data on antibiotic regimens. RESULTS A total of 6306 records were retrieved and 134 studies including 11,546 patients were included: 54 studies were on Acinetobacter, 52 on Enterobacteriaceae/Klebsiella, 21 on mixed Gram-negative, and 7 on Pseudomonas. Nine (7%) were RCTs; 19 prospective cohorts (14%), 89 (66%) retrospective, and 17 (13%) case series. Forty-one studies (31%) were multicentric. Qualitative synthesis showed an heterogeneous and scattered reporting of key-clinical and microbiological variables across studies. Ninety-two distinct antibiotic regimens were identified with 47 of them (51%, 5863 patients) not reporting any details on numbers, type, dosage and in vitro activity of the included antibiotic molecules. The NMAs could not be performed for any of the selected outcome given the presence of too many disconnected components. CONCLUSION The existing evidence is insufficient to allowing for the formulation of any evidence-based therapeutic recommendation for CR-GNB sepsis. Future studies must provide a standardized definition of antibiotic regimen to drive recommendations for using combination of antibiotics that can be reliably applied to clinical practice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Savoldi
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Diagnostic and Public Health, University of Verona, P.Le L.A. Scuro 10, 37134, Verona, Italy.
| | - Elena Carrara
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Diagnostic and Public Health, University of Verona, P.Le L.A. Scuro 10, 37134, Verona, Italy
| | - Laura J V Piddock
- Global Antibiotic Research & Development Partnership (GARDP), 15 Chemin Louis-Dunant, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Francois Franceschi
- Global Antibiotic Research & Development Partnership (GARDP), 15 Chemin Louis-Dunant, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Sally Ellis
- Global Antibiotic Research & Development Partnership (GARDP), 15 Chemin Louis-Dunant, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Margherita Chiamenti
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Diagnostic and Public Health, University of Verona, P.Le L.A. Scuro 10, 37134, Verona, Italy
| | - Damiano Bragantini
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Diagnostic and Public Health, University of Verona, P.Le L.A. Scuro 10, 37134, Verona, Italy
| | - Elda Righi
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Diagnostic and Public Health, University of Verona, P.Le L.A. Scuro 10, 37134, Verona, Italy
| | - Evelina Tacconelli
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Diagnostic and Public Health, University of Verona, P.Le L.A. Scuro 10, 37134, Verona, Italy.,Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine I, German Center for Infection Research, University of Tübingen, Otfried Müller Straße 12, 72074, Tübingen, Germany.,German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Clinical Research Unit for Healthcare Associated Infections, Tübingen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Samal S, Samir SB, Patra SK, Rath A, Dash A, Nayak B, Mohanty D. Polymyxin Monotherapy vs. Combination Therapy for the Treatment of Multidrug-resistant Infections: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Indian J Crit Care Med 2021; 25:199-206. [PMID: 33707900 PMCID: PMC7922466 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10071-23720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives The objective of this review was to compare the effectiveness of Colistin monotherapy and combination therapy for the treatment of multidrug-resistant gram-negative bacterial infections. Data sources PubMed, Cochrane Library. Study eligibility interventions and exclusions In this systematic review, we included all retrospective and prospective studies and randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that compared intravenous polymyxin monotherapy and combination therapy with any other antibiotic for treating multidrug-resistant infections. Studies using inhaled polymyxins with 5 or less than 5 patients were excluded. The primary outcome was 30-day all-cause mortality and if not reported at day 30 we extracted and documented the closest time point. Both crude outcome rates and adjusted effect estimates were extracted for mortality. Study appraisal data extraction and synthesis Search string used was "(Colistin OR polymyxin) AND (Enterobacteriaceae OR Klebsiella OR Acinetobacter OR Escherichia coli OR Pseudomonas) AND (random OR prospective OR retrospective OR cohort OR observational OR blind)." Thirty-nine studies were included in our analysis; out of which 6 RCTs were included and 9 studies used carbapenem as the adjunctive antibiotic. Each study was screened and reviewed for eligibility independently by two authors and data extrapolated on an Excel sheet. Results The meta-analysis of polymyxin monotherapy vs. combination therapy in multidrug-resistant infections yielded an odds ratio (OR) of 0.81 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.65-1.01) with minimal heterogeneity (I 2 = 40%), whereas pooled analysis of this comparison in studies that included carbapenem as combination therapy yielded an OR of 0.64 (CI: 0.40-1.03; I 2 = 62%). Likewise, the pooled analysis of the RCTs yielded an OR of 0.82 (95% CI: 0.58-1.16, I 2 = 22%). All these showed no statistical significance. However, it was seen that polymyxin combination therapy was more effective in multidrug-resistant infections compared to polymyxin monotherapy. The effectiveness was more glaring when carbapenems were used as the combination drug instead of any other antibiotic and more so in many in vitro studies that used polymyxin combination therapy. Conclusion Although statistically insignificant, it would be prudent to use polymyxin combination therapy to treat multidrug-resistant gram-negative bacilli (GNB) infection over monotherapy with preference to use carbapenem as the adjunct alongside polymyxins. How to cite this article Samal S, Mishra SB, Patra SK, Rath A, Dash A, Nayak B, et al. Polymyxin Monotherapy vs. Combination Therapy for the Treatment of Multidrug-resistant Infections: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Indian J Crit Care Med 2021;25(2):199-206.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samir Samal
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, IMS and SUM Hospital, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Shakti B Samir
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, IMS and SUM Hospital, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Shantanu K Patra
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, IMS and SUM Hospital, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Arun Rath
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, IMS and SUM Hospital, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Abhilash Dash
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, IMS and SUM Hospital, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Biswajit Nayak
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, IMS and SUM Hospital, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Diganta Mohanty
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, IMS and SUM Hospital, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Hou SY, Wu D, Feng XH. Polymyxin monotherapy versus polymyxin-based combination therapy against carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Glob Antimicrob Resist 2020; 23:197-202. [PMID: 33091620 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgar.2020.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This meta-analysis was performed to compare polymyxin monotherapy and polymyxin-based combination therapy for carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CR-KP) infections. METHODS We conducted searches on MEDLINE, Embase and Cochrane Collaborative database for both observational studies and randomised controlled trials (RCTs) comparing polymyxin monotherapy with polymyxin-based combination therapy in patients with CR-KP infection. The primary outcome was mortality. We divided all included studies into several groups according to different combination-combination and different infection types. The odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated for outcome analysis. RESULTS Ten studies with 481 patients were included. Polymyxin monotherapy was associated with higher mortality than polymyxin-based combination therapy in treatment of CR-KP bloodstream infections (BSI) (OR 1.93, 95% CI 1.14-3.27, P = 0.01) and ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP)/hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP) (OR 3.82, 95% CI 1.15-12.71, P = 0.03). In subgroup analysis of different combinations, mortality was significantly higher with polymyxin monotherapy compared with combination therapy with tigecycline (OR 1.88, 95% CI 1.05-3.37, P = 0.03), or with cabapenem (OR 3.11, 95% CI 1.25-7.74, P = 0.01), but no differences were found in combinations with aminoglycosides (OR 1.29, 95% CI 0.72-2.29, P = 0.38). Three-drug combination therapy including polymyxin was also associated with significant survival benefit (OR 3.86, 95% CI 1.60-9.32, P = 0.003). CONCLUSIONS Polymyxin-based combination therapy provides significant survival benefit in treatment of CR-KP, which appears to be more pronounced when a carbapenem or tigecycline is included in the regimen.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Si-Yuan Hou
- Intensive Care Unit, The People's Hospital of Liaoning Province, NO. 33 Wenyi Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, China.
| | - Dan Wu
- Second Department of Rheumatology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 39 Huaxiang Road, Tiexi District, Shenyang, Liaoning 110022, China.
| | - Xing-Huo Feng
- Intensive Care Unit, The People's Hospital of Liaoning Province, NO. 33 Wenyi Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, China.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Liu J, Shu Y, Zhu F, Feng B, Zhang Z, Liu L, Wang G. Comparative efficacy and safety of combination therapy with high-dose sulbactam or colistin with additional antibacterial agents for multiple drug-resistant and extensively drug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii infections: A systematic review and network meta-analysis. J Glob Antimicrob Resist 2020; 24:136-147. [PMID: 32889142 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgar.2020.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of combination therapy with high-dose sulbactam or colistin with additional antibacterial agents for treating multidrug-resistant or extensively drug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (MDR-AB or XDR-AB) infections. METHODS We systematically searched PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, and Web of Science (through March 30, 2020) for studies that examined high-dose sulbactam or colistin with additional antibacterial agents as therapy for patients with infections with MDR-AB and XDR-AB. Through a network meta-analysis (NMA), using both direct and indirect evidence, we determined risk ratios and 95% confidence intervals. Primary outcomes included clinical improvement, clinical cure, microbiological eradication, and mortality from any cause. Secondary outcomes included nephrotoxicity. RESULTS The NMA included 18 studies and 1835 patients. We found that high-dose sulbactam (≥6 g per day), combined with another single antibacterial agent (levofloxacin or tigecycline), which were the highest ranking in clinical improvement and clinical cure. Still colistin-based combination in drug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii therapy occupied the main position (the number of studies and patients) in most studies. Colistin combined with additional antibacterial agents was associated with a higher risk of nephrotoxicity. CONCLUSIONS Therapeutic regimens including high-dose sulbactam in combination with additional antibacterial agents (including colistin) might be one of the promising options for the treatment of MDR-AB or XDR-AB infections and high-quality study will be needed to confirm clinical efficacy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiating Liu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, 1 Xianglin Road, Luzhou 646000, China; Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, 25 Taiping Street, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Yunfeng Shu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, 1 Xianglin Road, Luzhou 646000, China; Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, 25 Taiping Street, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Feilong Zhu
- The Affiliated Xuzhou Rehabilitation Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221009, China
| | - Bimin Feng
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, 1 Xianglin Road, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Zhengjie Zhang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, 1 Xianglin Road, Luzhou 646000, China; Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, 25 Taiping Street, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Liang Liu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, 1 Xianglin Road, Luzhou 646000, China; Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, 25 Taiping Street, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Guojun Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, 25 Taiping Street, Luzhou 646000, China.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Karakonstantis S. A systematic review of implications, mechanisms, and stability of in vivo emergent resistance to colistin and tigecycline in Acinetobacter baumannii. J Chemother 2020; 33:1-11. [PMID: 32677578 DOI: 10.1080/1120009x.2020.1794393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The potential of A. baumannii for acquired resistance to last resort antibiotics (colistin and tigecycline) during treatment has important clinical implications, especially when dealing with patients failing to improve despite treatment with an active antimicrobial. However, the relevant literature remains scattered. Therefore, a systematic search was conducted in PubMed and Scopus. Several studies reported emergence of resistance to colistin or tigecycline during treatment, in most cases (86%) resulting in persistent or recurrent infections, especially in cases of emergent resistance without fitness cost. Lipopolysaccharide modification in the case of colistin and overexpression of efflux pumps in the case of tigecycline were the main mechanisms of resistance. Emergent colistin resistance is often associated with fitness cost which may result in re-emergence of the fitter and more virulent colistin susceptible strain after cessation of antibiotic pressure. Prospective studies are needed to determine the frequency of emergent resistance during treatment and its impact on patient outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stamatis Karakonstantis
- Internal Medicine Department, General Hospital of Heraklion Venizeleio, Heraklion, Crete, Greece.,School of medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To describe recent data about Acinetobacter baumannii pneumonia epidemiology and the therapeutic options including adjunctive nebulized therapy. RECENT FINDINGS A. baumannii is a major cause of nosocomial pneumonia in certain geographic areas affecting mainly debilitated patients, with prolonged hospitalization and broad-spectrum antimicrobials. Inappropriate empirical treatment has clearly been associated with increased mortality in A. baumannii pneumonia. Carbapenems may not be considered the treatment of choice in areas with high rates of carbapenem-resistant A. baumannii. Nowadays, polymyxins are the antimicrobials with the greatest level of in-vitro activity. Colistin is the antimicrobial most widely used although polymyxin B is associated with less renal toxicity. It is clear that lung concentrations of polymyxins are suboptimal in a substantial proportion of patients. This issue has justified the use of combination therapy or adjunctive nebulized antibiotics. Current evidence does not allow us to recommend combination therapy for A. baumannii pneumonia. Regarding nebulized antibiotics, it seems reasonable to use in patients who are nonresponsive to systemic antibiotics or A. baumannii isolates with colistin minimum inhibitory concentrations close to the susceptibility breakpoints. Cefiderocol, a novel cephalosporin active against A. baumannii, may represent an attractive therapeutic option if ongoing clinical trials confirm preliminary results. SUMMARY The optimal treatment for multidrug-resistant A. baumannii pneumonia has not been established. New therapeutic options are urgently needed. Well designed, randomized controlled trials must been conducted to comprehensively evaluate the effectiveness and safety of nebulized antibiotics for the treatment of A. baumannii pneumonia.
Collapse
|
25
|
Nutman A, Lellouche J, Temkin E, Daikos G, Skiada A, Durante-Mangoni E, Dishon-Benattar Y, Bitterman R, Yahav D, Daitch V, Bernardo M, Iossa D, Zusman O, Friberg LE, Mouton JW, Theuretzbacher U, Leibovici L, Paul M, Carmeli Y. Colistin plus meropenem for carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative infections: in vitro synergism is not associated with better clinical outcomes. Clin Microbiol Infect 2020; 26:1185-1191. [PMID: 32251844 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2020.03.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 03/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In vitro models showing synergism between polymyxins and carbapenems support combination treatment for carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative (CRGN) infections. We tested the association between the presence of in vitro synergism and clinical outcomes in patients treated with colistin plus meropenem. METHODS This was a secondary analysis of AIDA, a randomized controlled trial comparing colistin with colistin-meropenem for severe CRGN infections. We tested in vitro synergism using a checkerboard assay. Based on the fractional inhibitory concentration (ΣFIC) index for each colistin-meropenem combination, we categorized results as synergistic, antagonistic or additive/indifferent. The primary outcome was clinical failure at 14 days. Secondary outcomes were 14- and 28-day mortality and microbiological failure. RESULTS The sample included 171 patients with infections caused by carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (n = 131), Enterobacteriaceae (n = 37) and Pseudomonas aeuruginosa (n = 3). In vitro testing showed synergism for 73 isolates, antagonism for 20 and additivism/indifference for 78. In patients who received any colistin plus meropenem, clinical failure at 14 days was 59/78 (75.6%) in the additivism/indifference group (reference category), 54/73 (74.0%) in the synergism group (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 0.76, 95% CI 0.31-1.83), and 11/20 (55%) in the antagonism group (aOR 0.77, 95% CI 0.22-2.73). There was no significant difference between groups for any secondary outcome. Comparing the synergism group to patients treated with colistin monotherapy, synergism was not protective against 14-day clinical failure (aOR 0.52, 95% CI 0.26-1.04) or 14-day mortality (aOR1.09, 95% CI 0.60-1.96). DISCUSSION In vitro synergism between colistin and meropenem via checkerboard method did not translate into clinical benefit.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amir Nutman
- National Institute for Infection Control and Antibiotic Resistance, Tel Aviv Medical Centre, Tel-Aviv, Israel; Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel.
| | - Jonathan Lellouche
- National Institute for Infection Control and Antibiotic Resistance, Tel Aviv Medical Centre, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Elizabeth Temkin
- National Institute for Infection Control and Antibiotic Resistance, Tel Aviv Medical Centre, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - George Daikos
- First Department of Medicine, Laikon General Hospital, Athens, Greece; National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Anna Skiada
- First Department of Medicine, Laikon General Hospital, Athens, Greece; National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Emanuele Durante-Mangoni
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy; AORN dei Colli-Monaldi Hospital, Naples, Italy
| | - Yael Dishon-Benattar
- Institute of Infectious Diseases, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel; The Cheryl Spencer Institute for Nursing Research, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Roni Bitterman
- Institute of Infectious Diseases, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
| | - Dafna Yahav
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel; Infectious Diseases Unit, Rabin Medical Centre, Beilinson Hospital, Petah Tikva, Israel
| | - Vered Daitch
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel; Infectious Diseases Unit, Rabin Medical Centre, Beilinson Hospital, Petah Tikva, Israel
| | - Mariano Bernardo
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy; AORN dei Colli-Monaldi Hospital, Naples, Italy
| | - Domenico Iossa
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy; AORN dei Colli-Monaldi Hospital, Naples, Italy
| | - Oren Zusman
- Department of Medicine E, Rabin Medical Centre, Beilinson Hospital, Peta Tikva, Israel
| | - Lena E Friberg
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Johan W Mouton
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | | | - Leonard Leibovici
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel; Department of Medicine E, Rabin Medical Centre, Beilinson Hospital, Peta Tikva, Israel
| | - Mical Paul
- Institute of Infectious Diseases, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel; The Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Techion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Yehuda Carmeli
- National Institute for Infection Control and Antibiotic Resistance, Tel Aviv Medical Centre, Tel-Aviv, Israel; Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Bellos I, Pergialiotis V, Frountzas M, Kontzoglou K, Daskalakis G, Perrea DN. Efficacy and safety of colistin loading dose: a meta-analysis. J Antimicrob Chemother 2020; 75:1689-1698. [DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkaa064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Revised: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives
Colistin represents a polypeptide used for the treatment of MDR microorganisms, although the optimal dosing strategy is under investigation. The present meta-analysis aims to determine whether the administration of a colistin loading dose in patients receiving high-dose maintenance regimens changes the rates of treatment success and the risk of nephrotoxicity.
Methods
Medline, Scopus, CENTRAL, Clinicaltrials.gov and Google Scholar were systematically searched from inception to 18 November 2019. Studies were considered eligible if they reported clinical outcomes among patients receiving high-dose colistin therapy with and without the administration of a loading dose. Meta-analysis was performed by fitting a random-effects model.
Results
Eight (three prospective and five retrospective cohort) studies were included, comprising 1115 patients. The administration of a colistin loading dose was associated with significantly higher microbiological [risk ratio (RR) = 1.23, 95% CI = 1.10–1.39] but not clinical (RR = 1.04, 95% CI = 0.87–1.24) success. No significant associations were calculated for nephrotoxicity (RR = 1.31, 95% CI = 0.90–1.91) and mortality (RR = 1.03, 95% CI = 0.82–1.29) risk. The results remained stable after adjustments for small sample size, credibility ceilings, publication bias and risk of bias.
Conclusions
Observational evidence suggests that the administration of a colistin loading dose in patients receiving high maintenance dosage regimens is significantly associated with higher rates of microbiological response, but does not change clinical cure, mortality or nephrotoxicity risk. The dosing regimen that would provide the optimal balance between treatment efficacy and safety needs to be determined by future randomized controlled trials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis Bellos
- Laboratory of Experimental Surgery and Surgical Research N.S. Christeas, Athens University Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Vasilios Pergialiotis
- Laboratory of Experimental Surgery and Surgical Research N.S. Christeas, Athens University Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Maximos Frountzas
- Laboratory of Experimental Surgery and Surgical Research N.S. Christeas, Athens University Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Kontzoglou
- Laboratory of Experimental Surgery and Surgical Research N.S. Christeas, Athens University Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Georgios Daskalakis
- First Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Alexandra Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Despina N Perrea
- Laboratory of Experimental Surgery and Surgical Research N.S. Christeas, Athens University Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Timsit JF, Ruppé E, Barbier F, Tabah A, Bassetti M. Bloodstream infections in critically ill patients: an expert statement. Intensive Care Med 2020; 46:266-284. [PMID: 32047941 PMCID: PMC7223992 DOI: 10.1007/s00134-020-05950-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Bloodstream infection (BSI) is defined by positive blood cultures in a patient with systemic signs of infection and may be either secondary to a documented source or primary—that is, without identified origin. Community-acquired BSIs in immunocompetent adults usually involve drug-susceptible bacteria, while healthcare-associated BSIs are frequently due to multidrug-resistant (MDR) strains. Early adequate antimicrobial therapy is a key to improve patient outcomes, especially in those with criteria for sepsis or septic shock, and should be based on guidelines and direct examination of available samples. Local epidemiology, suspected source, immune status, previous antimicrobial exposure, and documented colonization with MDR bacteria must be considered for the choice of first-line antimicrobials in healthcare-associated and hospital-acquired BSIs. Early genotypic or phenotypic tests are now available for bacterial identification and early detection of resistance mechanisms and may help, though their clinical impact warrants further investigations. Initial antimicrobial dosing should take into account the pharmacokinetic alterations commonly observed in ICU patients, with a loading dose in case of sepsis or septic shock. Initial antimicrobial combination attempting to increase the antimicrobial spectrum should be discussed when MDR bacteria are suspected and/or in the most severely ill patients. Source identification and control should be performed as soon as the hemodynamic status is stabilized. De-escalation from a broad-spectrum to a narrow-spectrum antimicrobial may reduce antibiotic selection pressure without negative impact on mortality. The duration of therapy is usually 5–8 days though longer durations may be discussed depending on the underlying illness and the source of infection. This narrative review covers the epidemiology, diagnostic workflow and therapeutic aspects of BSI in ICU patients and proposed up-to-date expert statements.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jean-François Timsit
- AP-HP, Hôpital Bichat, Medical and Infectious Diseases ICU, 75018, Paris, France. .,Université de Paris, IAME, INSERM, 75018, Paris, France.
| | - Etienne Ruppé
- Université de Paris, IAME, INSERM, 75018, Paris, France.,AP-HP, Hôpital Bichat, Bacteriology Laboratory, 75018, Paris, France
| | | | - Alexis Tabah
- ICU, Redcliffe Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Matteo Bassetti
- Infectious Diseases Clinic, Department of Health Sciences, University of Genoa, Genoa and Hospital Policlinico San Martino-IRCCS, Genoa, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
York JA, Varadarajan M, Barlow G. When are combinations of antibiotics clinically useful? Br J Hosp Med (Lond) 2020; 81:1-9. [PMID: 32097069 DOI: 10.12968/hmed.2019.0348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance is a global crisis. Prescribing antibacterial combinations may be one way of reducing the development of resistance in target pathogens, as in the treatment of tuberculosis. Combinations may be useful for ascertaining synergy, broadening antimicrobial cover to reduce the risk of non-susceptibility, antimicrobial stewardship reasons, and immune modulation. The current research literature and/or prevailing global standards of clinical care suggest that combination therapy may be advantageous in: severe community-acquired pneumonia; severe hospital-acquired or ventilator-associated pneumonia or when there is a high risk of resistance in hospital-acquired or ventilator-associated pneumonia; multi-drug or extensively drug-resistant Gram-negative infections; and severe group A streptococcal infections. In other situations, combinations may be harmful. Overall, outside of tuberculosis, combination antibacterial therapy is likely to improve outcomes only in specific circumstances and there is little evidence to suggest that this prevents the development of bacterial resistance. Further high-quality research is essential.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joshua A York
- Hull York Medical School, York, UK.,Department of Infection, Hull University Teaching Hospitals, Hull, UK
| | - Maithili Varadarajan
- Department of Infection, Hull University Teaching Hospitals, Hull, UK.,London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Gavin Barlow
- Hull York Medical School, York, UK.,Department of Infection, Hull University Teaching Hospitals, Hull, UK
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Neonatal Sepsis: Treatment of Neonatal Sepsis in Multidrug-Resistant (MDR) Infections: Part 2. Indian J Pediatr 2020; 87:122-124. [PMID: 31900849 DOI: 10.1007/s12098-019-03152-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Sepsis is one of the major causes of neonatal deaths in India and worldwide. Pathogens encountered in neonatal sepsis vary worldwide; reports from developing countries more commonly show Gram negative organisms, most common being Acinetobacter spp., Klebsiella spp. and Escherichia coli. Recent studies show that the incidence of antimicrobial resistance, to third generation cephalosporins and carbapenems, has been on a rise. Because of widespread antimicrobial resistance, 'Higher' or 'Reserve' antibiotics are increasingly being used as first/second line antibiotics. In the past decade, there has been a resurgence in the use of colistin as a result of Extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)- producing Enterobacteriaceae and carbapenem resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE), which retain susceptibility only to colistin. The increasing burden of drug resistant Gram negative organisms, particularly Acinetobacter spp., Klebsiella spp., and E. coli might pose a formidable threat in coming years.
Collapse
|
30
|
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW We reviewed recent data about epidemiology of Acinetobacter baumannii, resistance mechanisms, and therapeutic options for severe infections caused by multidrug-resistant strains. RECENT FINDINGS A. baumannii is a major cause of nosocomial infections affecting mainly to debilitating patients in the ICU, although the spread to regular wards and to long-term care facilities is increasing. It is characterized by its great persistence in the environment and to have an extraordinary capability to develop resistance to all antimicrobials.Carbapenems may not be considered the treatment of choice in areas with high rates of carbapenem-resistant A. baumannii. Nowadays, polymyxins are the antimicrobials with the greatest level of in-vitro activity against A. baumannii. Colistin is the most widely used in clinical practice although polymyxin B seems to be associated with less renal toxicity. Colistin is administered intravenously as its inactive prodrug colistimethate. A loading dose of 9 million IU and subsequently high, extended-interval maintenance doses (4.5 million IU/12 h) are recommended. Combination therapy instead of monotherapy increases the rates of microbiological eradication although no clinical study has demonstrated a reduction in clinical outcomes (mortality or length of stay). SUMMARY The optimal treatment for multidrug-resistant A. baumannii nosocomial infections has not been established. There are no compelling data to recommend combination therapy for severe A. baumannii infections.
Collapse
|
31
|
Shi H, Lee JS, Park SY, Ko Y, Eom JS. Colistin Plus Carbapenem versus Colistin Monotherapy in the Treatment of Carbapenem-Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii Pneumonia. Infect Drug Resist 2019; 12:3925-3934. [PMID: 31920347 PMCID: PMC6934122 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s234211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Colistin alone may not be sufficient for treating carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (CRAB); thus, efforts are needed to increase treatment success rates. We compared the effects of colistin plus carbapenem therapy versus colistin monotherapy in treating pneumonia caused by CRAB and attempted to identify specific populations or factors that could benefit from combination therapy. Methods We retrospectively collected data on cases of CRAB pneumonia. The patients were divided into colistin plus carbapenem therapy and colistin monotherapy groups. The primary outcome was 14-day mortality. The secondary outcomes were in-hospital mortality, clinical improvement at days 2 and 14, and microbiological improvement at day 14. Results Of 160 cases meeting criteria for CRAB pneumonia, 83 (52%) and 77 (48.0%) were treated with carbapenem combination therapy or colistin monotherapy, respectively. Among these patients, 50 (63.3%) in the combination group and 27 (39.7%) in the monotherapy group had Acute Physiologic Assessment and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) II scores >24 points (p=0.010). Overall, there was no significant difference in 14-day mortality between the combination and monotherapy groups (24.1% vs 20.8%, p=0.616). Clinical improvement and sputum-negative conversion also showed no significant difference. After adjusting for disease severity according to APACHE II score, the 14-day mortality was significantly lower in the combination group than in the monotherapy group among patients with APACHE II scores of 25–29 points (9.1% vs 53.8%, P=0.020). Conclusion Despite more severe conditions, compared with colistin monotherapy, colistin plus carbapenem combination therapy showed equivalent primary mortality outcome in treating CRAB pneumonia. Combination therapy was more effective in patients with APACHE II score ranging from 25 to 29 points.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- HyeJin Shi
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Gil Medical Center, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Seo Lee
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Kangdong Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - So Yeon Park
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Kangdong Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yousang Ko
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Kangdong Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Joong Sik Eom
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Gil Medical Center, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Kongnakorn T, Eckmann C, Bassetti M, Tichy E, Di Virgilio R, Baillon-Plot N, Charbonneau C. Cost-effectiveness analysis comparing ceftazidime/avibactam (CAZ-AVI) as empirical treatment comparing to ceftolozane/tazobactam and to meropenem for complicated intra-abdominal infection (cIAI). Antimicrob Resist Infect Control 2019; 8:204. [PMID: 31890160 PMCID: PMC6925481 DOI: 10.1186/s13756-019-0652-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The rising incidence of resistance to currently available antibiotics among pathogens, particularly Gram-negative pathogens, in complicated intra-abdominal infections (cIAIs) has become a challenge for clinicians. Ceftazidime/avibactam (CAZ-AVI) is a fixed-dose antibiotic approved in Europe and the United States for treating (in combination with metronidazole) cIAI in adult hospitalised patients who have limited or no alternative treatment options. The approval was based on the results of RECLAIM, a Phase III, parallel-group, comparative study (RECLAIM 1 [NCT01499290] and RECLAIM 2 [NCT01500239]). The objective of our study was to assess the cost-effectiveness of CAZ-AVI plus metronidazole compared with 1) ceftolozane/tazobactam plus metronidazole and 2) meropenem, as an empiric treatment for the management of cIAI in Italy. Methods A sequential, patient-level simulation model, with a 5-year time horizon and 3% annual discount rate (applied to both costs and health benefits), was developed using Microsoft Excel® to demonstrate the clinical course of the disease. The impact of resistant pathogens was included as an additional factor. Results In the base-case analysis, the CAZ-AVI sequence (CAZ-AVI plus metronidazole followed by a colistin + tigecycline + high-dose meropenem combination after treatment failure), when compared to sequences for ceftolozane/tazobactam (ceftolozane/tazobactam plus metronidazole followed by colistin + tigecycline + high-dose meropenem after treatment failure) and meropenem (meropenem followed by colistin + tigecycline + high-dose meropenem after treatment failure), had better clinical outcomes with higher cure rates (93.04% vs. 91.52%; 92.98% vs. 90.24%, respectively), shorter hospital stays (∆ = − 0.38 and ∆ = − 1.24 days per patient, respectively), and higher quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) gained per patient (4.021 vs. 3.982; 4.019 vs. 3.960, respectively). The incremental cost effectiveness ratio in the CAZ-AVI sequence was €4099 and €15,574 per QALY gained versus each comparator sequence, respectively, well below the willingness-to-pay threshold of €30,000 per QALY accepted in Italy. Conclusions The model results demonstrated that CAZ-AVI plus metronidazole could be a cost-effective alternative when compared with other antibiotic treatment options, as it is expected to provide better clinical benefits in hospitalised patients with cIAI in Italy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Christian Eckmann
- 2Klinikum Peine, Academic Hospital of Medical University Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Matteo Bassetti
- 3Infectious Diseases Clinic, Department of Health Sciences, University of Genoa, Genoa and Hospital Policlinico San Martino IRCCS, Genoa, Italy
| | - Eszter Tichy
- Evidera, Bég u. 3-5 / 520, Budapest, 1022 Hungary
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Kamel NA, El-Tayeb WN, El-Ansary MR, Mansour MT, Aboshanab KM. XDR- Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates harboring blaOXA-48: In vitro and in vivo evaluation using a murine thigh-infection model. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2019; 244:1658-1664. [PMID: 31665915 DOI: 10.1177/1535370219886826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Blood stream infection with extensively drug-resistant-carbapenamase producing Klebsiella (K.) pneumoniae usually represents a major threat with medical challenges among hospitalized cancer patients with poor functional status and underlying diseases. Accordingly, the aim of the study was to evaluate the efficacy of different antibiotics either alone or in combinations against extensively drug-resistant-OXA-48 producing K. pneumoniae clinical isolates that were previously recovered from febrile neutropenic pediatric cancer patients. The antimicrobial activity of amikacin, gentamicin, colistin, ertapenem, imipenem, meropenem and tigecycline was assessed by broth microdilution method. The results revealed that all the tested OXA-48 producing K. pneumoniae isolates exhibited extensively drug-resistant phenotype and all of them were susceptible to tigecycline. Checkerboard method was used to determine the fraction inhibitory concentration index, to further classify the effect of antibiotic combination as synergistic, additive, indifferent, or antagonistic effect. The results revealed that in vitro dual carbapenem combination of ertapenem with meropenem had shown synergistic effect against all of the tested isolates. Additionally, synergistic effect of meropenem with colistin was detected among three of four isolates tested. Herein we investigated the in vivo activity of colistin, meropenem alone and in combination in a rat thigh infection model. The results showed that addition of meropenem to colistin was not effective at reduction of bacterial count as compared to colistin alone at 24 h post treatment. Accordingly, we can conclude that in vitro antibiotic combinations of dual carbapenems (ertapenem plus meropenem) and meropenem plus colistin showed synergism in 100% and 75% of the tested isolates, respectively. Colistin alone had significantly reduced bacterial count while its combination with meropenem was not superior to monotherapy in murine thigh infection model. Impact statement The present study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of various antibiotics both in vitro and in vivo using murine animal model either alone or in combination against various strains of extensively drug-resistant (XDR) Klebsiella pneumoniae, life-threatening pathogens of relevant medical importance isolated from febrile neutropenic pediatric cancer patients. This work also emphasizes how to select the appropriate antibiotics options and help the physicians to choice the appropriate antibiotic for the treatment of such superbugs (extensively drug-resistant (XDR) Klebsiella pneumoniae). The results showed that in vitro dual carbapenem combination of ertapenem with meropenem had shown synergistic effect against all of the tested XDR isolates. Antibiotic combinations of dual carbapenems and meropenem plus colistin showed synergism in 100% and 75% of the testes isolates, respectively. Results of the in vivo evaluation, colistin alone had significantly reduced bacterial count while its combination with meropenem was not superior to monotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Noha A Kamel
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Misr International University (MIU), Cairo 19648, Egypt
| | - Wafaa N El-Tayeb
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Misr International University (MIU), Cairo 19648, Egypt
| | - Mona R El-Ansary
- Department of Biochemistry, Modern University for Technology and Information, Cairo 11566, Egypt
| | - Mohamed T Mansour
- Department of Virology and Immunology, 57357 Children's Cancer Hospital, Cairo University, Cairo 19057, Egypt
| | - Khaled M Aboshanab
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Abbassia, Cairo 11566, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Vazquez Guillamet C, Kollef MH. Acinetobacter Pneumonia: Improving Outcomes With Early Identification and Appropriate Therapy. Clin Infect Dis 2019; 67:1455-1462. [PMID: 29741597 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciy375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In an era of increasing antimicrobial resistance, Acinetobacter distinguishes itself as one of the most resistant Gram-negative bacteria responsible for significant morbidity and mortality. New solutions are needed to combat the detrimental effects of increasing rates of antimicrobial resistance. Using empiric broad-spectrum antibiotics in patients deemed at risk for infections caused by multidrug-resistant pathogens may protect against attributable mortality, but this temporary solution furthers the risk of antimicrobial resistance. In this article we will review relevant strategies to aid with early identification and appropriate treatment of Acinetobacter pneumonia while preserving antibiotic susceptibility.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Vazquez Guillamet
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque.,Division of Infectious Diseases, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque
| | - Marin H Kollef
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW In the absence of randomized clinical trial data, questions remain regarding the optimal treatment of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) infections. CRE have historically been susceptible to polymyxins, tigecycline or aminoglycosides (mostly gentamicin), and these antibiotics have long been considered the drugs of choice for CRE infections, although varying rates of resistance to all have been reported. This review looks at data from clinical studies assessing the outcomes of CRE infections treated with different antibiotic regimens. RECENT FINDINGS The recently approved fixed-dose combination agent, ceftazidime-avibactam (CAZ-AVI), is active against KPC and OXA-48-producing Enterobacteriaceae. The limited clinical data available on CAZ-AVI indicate that it is associated with survival benefits relative to other commonly used regimens, although development of resistance is a concern. New drugs active against CRE isolates (including the recently approved meropenem-vaborbactam) are in different stages of development. SUMMARY CAZ-AVI and meropenem-vaborbactam seem destined to become the backbone of target therapy for high-risk patients with severe infections caused by susceptible CRE strains. However, empirical therapy should be based on risk factors to be defined in the near future, whereas the necessity of combinations with CAZ-AVI requires further studies. Polymyxins are still important options for low-risk patients with susceptible CRE infections, but also for high-risk patients in regions where metallo-β-lactamase-producing CRE predominate because CAZ-AVI and meropenem-vaborbactam are both ineffective against these strains.
Collapse
|
36
|
Park SY, Si HJ, Eom JS, Lee JS. Survival of carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii bacteremia: colistin monotherapy versus colistin plus meropenem. J Int Med Res 2019; 47:5977-5985. [PMID: 31612764 PMCID: PMC7045657 DOI: 10.1177/0300060519879336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective The aim of this study was to compare clinical outcomes between patients with carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (CRAB) bacteremia treated with colistin monotherapy and those treated with colistin plus meropenem. Methods We retrospectively evaluated data from 71 patients with CRAB bacteremia treated from November 2006 to February 2018. Predictors of 14-day mortality were determined through logistic regression analysis. Results Our study cohort included 40 bacteremia patients (44.6 %) treated with colistin monotherapy and 31 (55.4 %) treated with colistin plus meropenem. Overall 14-day mortality tended to be higher with monotherapy rather than combination therapy (47.5% vs 25.8%). The latter also showed a tendency for higher clinical success rate compared with monotherapy (61.3% vs 40.0%). Logistic regression analysis showed that Pitt bacteremia score, pneumonia, and combination therapy were significantly associated with mortality. In patients with higher Pitt bacteremia score (≥4), mortality was significantly higher with monotherapy compared with combination therapy (66.7% vs 27.8%). In patients with lower Pitt bacteremia score (≤3), mortality was similar between the two treatment groups (26.3% vs 23.1%). Conclusion Treatment with colistin plus meropenem improves survival in critically-ill patients with CRAB.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- So Yeon Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Disease, Kangdong Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hye Jin Si
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Disease, Kangdong Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Joong Sik Eom
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Disease, Gil Medical Center, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Jin Seo Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Disease, Kangdong Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii: in pursuit of an effective treatment. Clin Microbiol Infect 2019; 25:951-957. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2019.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Revised: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
|
38
|
In vitro activity of eravacycline in combination with colistin against carbapenem-resistant A. baumannii isolates. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 2019; 72:600-604. [PMID: 31028352 DOI: 10.1038/s41429-019-0188-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Revised: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The synergistic activity of eravacycline in combination with colistin on carbapenem-resistant A. baumannii (CRAB) isolates was evaluated in this study. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of eravacycline and colistin were determined by the broth microdilution method. MICs values ranged between 1 to 4 mg and 0.5 to 256 mg l-1 for eravacycline and colistin, respectively. In vitro synergy between eravacycline and colistin was evaluated by using the chequerboard methodology. Synergistic activity was found in 10% of the strains, and additive effect in 30%. No antagonism was detected. Similar activity was also observed in colistin-resistant CRAB isolates. The result of this study indicates that eravacycline and colistin combination may be a potential therapeutic option for the treatment of CRAB related infections.
Collapse
|
39
|
The role of carbapenem-resistant pathogens in cSSTI and how to manage them. Curr Opin Infect Dis 2019; 32:113-122. [DOI: 10.1097/qco.0000000000000528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
40
|
NDM Metallo-β-Lactamases and Their Bacterial Producers in Health Care Settings. Clin Microbiol Rev 2019; 32:32/2/e00115-18. [PMID: 30700432 DOI: 10.1128/cmr.00115-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 375] [Impact Index Per Article: 75.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase (NDM) is a metallo-β-lactamase able to hydrolyze almost all β-lactams. Twenty-four NDM variants have been identified in >60 species of 11 bacterial families, and several variants have enhanced carbapenemase activity. Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli are the predominant carriers of bla NDM, with certain sequence types (STs) (for K. pneumoniae, ST11, ST14, ST15, or ST147; for E. coli, ST167, ST410, or ST617) being the most prevalent. NDM-positive strains have been identified worldwide, with the highest prevalence in the Indian subcontinent, the Middle East, and the Balkans. Most bla NDM-carrying plasmids belong to limited replicon types (IncX3, IncFII, or IncC). Commonly used phenotypic tests cannot specifically identify NDM. Lateral flow immunoassays specifically detect NDM, and molecular approaches remain the reference methods for detecting bla NDM Polymyxins combined with other agents remain the mainstream options of antimicrobial treatment. Compounds able to inhibit NDM have been found, but none have been approved for clinical use. Outbreaks caused by NDM-positive strains have been reported worldwide, attributable to sources such as contaminated devices. Evidence-based guidelines on prevention and control of carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative bacteria are available, although none are specific for NDM-positive strains. NDM will remain a severe challenge in health care settings, and more studies on appropriate countermeasures are required.
Collapse
|
41
|
Timsit JF, Bassetti M, Cremer O, Daikos G, de Waele J, Kallil A, Kipnis E, Kollef M, Laupland K, Paiva JA, Rodríguez-Baño J, Ruppé É, Salluh J, Taccone FS, Weiss E, Barbier F. Rationalizing antimicrobial therapy in the ICU: a narrative review. Intensive Care Med 2019; 45:172-189. [PMID: 30659311 DOI: 10.1007/s00134-019-05520-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The massive consumption of antibiotics in the ICU is responsible for substantial ecological side effects that promote the dissemination of multidrug-resistant bacteria (MDRB) in this environment. Strikingly, up to half of ICU patients receiving empirical antibiotic therapy have no definitively confirmed infection, while de-escalation and shortened treatment duration are insufficiently considered in those with documented sepsis, highlighting the potential benefit of implementing antibiotic stewardship programs (ASP) and other quality improvement initiatives. The objective of this narrative review is to summarize the available evidence, emerging options, and unsolved controversies for the optimization of antibiotic therapy in the ICU. Published data notably support the need for better identification of patients at risk of MDRB infection, more accurate diagnostic tools enabling a rule-in/rule-out approach for bacterial sepsis, an individualized reasoning for the selection of single-drug or combination empirical regimen, the use of adequate dosing and administration schemes to ensure the attainment of pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics targets, concomitant source control when appropriate, and a systematic reappraisal of initial therapy in an attempt to minimize collateral damage on commensal ecosystems through de-escalation and treatment-shortening whenever conceivable. This narrative review also aims at compiling arguments for the elaboration of actionable ASP in the ICU, including improved patient outcomes and a reduction in antibiotic-related selection pressure that may help to control the dissemination of MDRB in this healthcare setting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jean-François Timsit
- Medical and Infectious Diseases ICU, APHP, Bichat-Claude Bernard Hospital, 46 Rue Henri-Huchard, 75877, Paris Cedex 18, France.
- INSERM, IAME, UMR 1137, Paris-Diderot Sorbonne-Paris Cité University, Paris, France.
| | - Matteo Bassetti
- Infectious Diseases Division, Department of Medicine, University of Udine and Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Integrata di Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Olaf Cremer
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - George Daikos
- Scool of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Jan de Waele
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Andre Kallil
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Eric Kipnis
- Surgical Critical Care Unit, Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Perioperative Medicine, CHU Lille, Lille, France
| | - Marin Kollef
- Critical Care Research, Washington University School of Medicine and Respiratory Care Services, Barnes-Jewish Hospital, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Kevin Laupland
- Department of Medicine, Royal Inland Hospital, Kamloops, Canada
| | - Jose-Artur Paiva
- Intensive Care Medicine Department, Centro Hospitalar São João and Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Jesús Rodríguez-Baño
- Clinical Unit of Infectious Diseases, Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena, Departament of Medicine, University of Sevilla, Biomedicine Institute of Seville (IBiS), Seville, Spain
| | - Étienne Ruppé
- INSERM, IAME, UMR 1137, Paris-Diderot Sorbonne-Paris Cité University, Paris, France
- Bacteriology Laboratory, Bichat-Claude Bernard Hospital, APHP, Paris, France
| | - Jorge Salluh
- Department of Critical Care and Graduate Program in Translational Medicine, D'Or Institute for Research and Education, IDOR, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Emmanuel Weiss
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Beaujon Hospital, AP-HP, Clichy, France
- INSERM, CRI, UMR 1149, Paris-Diderot Sorbonne-Paris Cité University, Paris, France
| | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Clinical relevance of in vitro synergistic activity of antibiotics for multidrug-resistant Gram-negative infections: A systematic review. J Glob Antimicrob Resist 2019; 17:250-259. [PMID: 30658202 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgar.2019.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this review was to investigate the outcomes of patients infected with multidrug-resistant (MDR) or extensively drug-resistant (XDR) Gram-negative bacteria following synergy-guided antibiotic combination therapy (SGACT). METHODS A systematic review of PubMed and Scopus databases was performed. Published studies of any design reporting outcomes of patients with MDR Gram-negative bacteria treated with SGACT were included. Two reviewers independently assessed the relevancy and quality of the retrieved articles and extracted the available data. RESULTS Nineteen reports (530 patients) were included. Eleven case reports/series described 26 cases of systemic infection due to MDR Gram-negative bacteria treated with SGACT. Five deaths were reported, two of which were attributed to the infection. Six studies (including one randomised controlled trial) provided comparative data for patients treated with SGACT and those treated with unguided combination therapy (UCT) or active monotherapy. In the pooled analysis of unadjusted data from these studies (504 patients), there was no difference between SGACT and UCT or monotherapy (OR=0.47, 95% CI 0.21-1.04; I2=52%). Analysis of adjusted data showed that SGACT was significantly associated with survival (OR=0.44, 95% CI 0.20-0.98; I2=54%). CONCLUSION These limited but promising findings warrant further investigation of SGACT in the outcome of patients with MDR Gram-negative infections in well-designed trials.
Collapse
|
43
|
Cheng IL, Chen YH, Lai CC, Tang HJ. Intravenous Colistin Monotherapy versus Combination Therapy against Carbapenem-Resistant Gram-Negative Bacteria Infections: Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. J Clin Med 2018; 7:jcm7080208. [PMID: 30103414 PMCID: PMC6111980 DOI: 10.3390/jcm7080208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Revised: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
This meta-analysis aims to compare intravenous colistin monotherapy and colistin-based combination therapy against carbapenem-resistant gram-negative bacteria (GNB) infections. PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane databases were searched up to July 2018. Only randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating colistin alone and colistin-based combination therapy in the treatment of carbapenem-resistant GNB infections were included. The primary outcome was all-cause mortality. Five RCTs including 791 patients were included. Overall, colistin monotherapy was associated with a risk ratio (RR) of 1.03 (95% confidence interval (CI), 0.89–1.20, I2 = 0%) for all-cause mortality compared with colistin-based combination therapy. The non-significant difference was also detected in infection-related mortality (RR, 1.23, 95% CI, 0.91–1.67, I2 = 0%) and microbiologic response (RR, 0.86, 95% CI, 0.72–1.04, I2 = 62%). In addition, no significant difference was observed in the subgroup analysis—high or low dose, with or without a loading dose, carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii infections, and in combination with rifampicin. Finally, colistin monotherapy was not associated with lower nephrotoxicity than colistin combination therapy (RR, 0.98; 95% CI, 0.84–1.21, I2 = 0%). Based on the analysis of the five RCTs, no differences were found between colistin monotherapy and colistin-based combination therapy against carbapenem-resistant GNB infections, especially for A. baumannii infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- I-Ling Cheng
- Department of Pharmacy, Chi Mei Medical Center, Liouying, Tainan 73657, Taiwan.
| | - Yu-Hung Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Chi Mei Medical Center, Liouying, Tainan 73657, Taiwan.
| | - Chih-Cheng Lai
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine Chi Mei Medical Center, Liouying, Tainan 73657, Taiwan.
| | - Hung-Jen Tang
- Department of Medicine, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan 71004, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Cunha BA, Baron J, Cunha CB. Monotherapy with High-Dose Once-Daily Tigecycline is Highly Effective Against Acinetobacter baumanii and other Multidrug-Resistant (MDR) Gram-Negative Bacilli (GNB). Int J Antimicrob Agents 2018; 52:119-120. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2018.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
|
45
|
Humphries RM, Hindler J, Jane Ferraro M, Mathers A. Twenty-first Century Cures Act and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing: Clinical Implications in the Era of Multidrug Resistance. Clin Infect Dis 2018; 67:1132-1138. [DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciy432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mary Jane Ferraro
- Departments of Medicine and Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston
| | - Amy Mathers
- Division of Infectious Disease and International Health, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville
- Clinical Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Pathology, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville
| |
Collapse
|