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Stryiński R, Mateos J, Carrera M, Jastrzębski JP, Bogacka I, Łopieńska-Biernat E. Tandem Mass Tagging (TMT) Reveals Tissue-Specific Proteome of L4 Larvae of Anisakis simplex s. s.: Enzymes of Energy and/or Carbohydrate Metabolism as Potential Drug Targets in Anisakiasis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23084336. [PMID: 35457153 PMCID: PMC9027741 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23084336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Anisakis simplex s. s. is a parasitic nematode of marine mammals and causative agent of anisakiasis in humans. The cuticle and intestine of the larvae are the tissues most responsible for direct and indirect contact, respectively, of the parasite with the host. At the L4 larval stage, tissues, such as the cuticle and intestine, are fully developed and functional, in contrast to the L3 stage. As such, this work provides for the first time the tissue-specific proteome of A. simplex s. s. larvae in the L4 stage. Statistical analysis (FC ≥ 2; p-value ≤ 0.01) showed that 107 proteins were differentially regulated (DRPs) between the cuticle and the rest of the larval body. In the comparison between the intestine and the rest of the larval body at the L4 stage, 123 proteins were identified as DRPs. Comparison of the individual tissues examined revealed a total of 272 DRPs, with 133 proteins more abundant in the cuticle and 139 proteins more abundant in the intestine. Detailed functional analysis of the identified proteins was performed using bioinformatics tools. Glycolysis and the tricarboxylic acid cycle were the most enriched metabolic pathways by cuticular and intestinal proteins, respectively, in the L4 stage of A. simplex s. s. The presence of two proteins, folliculin (FLCN) and oxoglutarate dehydrogenase (OGDH), was confirmed by Western blot, and their tertiary structure was predicted and compared with other species. In addition, host–pathogen interactions were identified, and potential new allergens were predicted. The result of this manuscript shows the largest number of protein identifications to our knowledge using proteomics tools for different tissues of L4 larvae of A. simplex s. s. The identified tissue-specific proteins could serve as targets for new drugs against anisakiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Stryiński
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland
- Correspondence: (R.S.); (M.C.); (E.Ł.-B.)
| | - Jesús Mateos
- Clinical Pharmacology Group, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, 15-706 A Coruña, Spain;
| | - Mónica Carrera
- Department of Food Technology, Marine Research Institute (IIM), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), 36-208 Vigo, Spain
- Correspondence: (R.S.); (M.C.); (E.Ł.-B.)
| | - Jan Paweł Jastrzębski
- Department of Plant Physiology, Genetics and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland;
| | - Iwona Bogacka
- Department of Animal Anatomy and Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland;
| | - Elżbieta Łopieńska-Biernat
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland
- Correspondence: (R.S.); (M.C.); (E.Ł.-B.)
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Dong C, Fan Q, Li X, Huang Y, Han J, Fang X, Huan M, Ye X, Li Z, Cui Z. Expression and characterization of a novel trehalase from Microvirga sp. strain MC18. Protein Expr Purif 2021; 182:105846. [PMID: 33592252 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2021.105846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Trehalase catalyzes the hydrolysis of trehalose into two glucose molecules and is present in nearly all tissues in various forms. In this study, a putative bacterial trehalase gene, encoding a glycoside hydrolase family 15 (GH15) protein was identified in Microvirga sp. strain MC18 and heterologously expressed in E. coli. The specific activity of the purified recombinant trehalase MtreH was 24 U/mg, with Km and Vmax values of 23.45 mg/mL and 184.23 μmol/mg/min, respectively. The enzyme exhibited optimal activity at 40 °C and pH 7.0, whereby Ca2+ had a considerable positive effects on the catalytic activity and thermostability. The optimized enzymatic reaction conditions for the bioconversion of trehalose using rMtreH were determined as 40 °C, pH 7.0, 10 h and 1% trehalose concentration. The characterization of this bacterial trehalase improves our understanding of the metabolism and biological role of trehalose in prokaryotic organism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaonan Dong
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environmental Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Life Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, PR China
| | - Qiwen Fan
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environmental Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Life Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, PR China
| | - Xu Li
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environmental Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Life Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, PR China
| | - Yan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environmental Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Life Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, PR China
| | - Jian Han
- College of Agriculture, Xinjiang Agricultural University, XinJiang, 830052, China
| | - Xiaodong Fang
- Guangzhou Hanyun Pharmaceutical Technology Co. Ltd. Guangzhou, 510000, China
| | - Minghui Huan
- Microbial Research Institute of Liaoning Province, Chaoyang, 122000, China
| | - Xianfeng Ye
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environmental Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Life Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, PR China
| | - Zhoukun Li
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environmental Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Life Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, PR China
| | - Zhongli Cui
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environmental Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Life Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, PR China.
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Silva H, Anjo SI, Manadas B, Abrantes I, Fonseca L, Cardoso JMS. Comparative Analysis of Bursaphelenchus xylophilus Secretome Under Pinus pinaster and P. pinea Stimuli. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:668064. [PMID: 34046053 PMCID: PMC8144518 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.668064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The pinewood nematode (PWN), Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, the pine wilt disease's (PWD) causal agent, is a migratory endoparasitic nematode skilled to feed on pine tissues and on fungi that colonize the trees. In order to study B. xylophilus secretomes under the stimulus of pine species with different susceptibilities to disease, nematodes were exposed to aqueous pine extracts from Pinus pinaster (high-susceptible host) and P. pinea (low-susceptible host). Sequential windowed acquisition of all theoretical mass spectra (SWATH-MS) was used to determine relative changes in protein amounts between B. xylophilus secretions, and a total of 776 secreted proteins were quantified in both secretomes. From these, 22 proteins were found increased in the B. xylophilus secretome under the P. pinaster stimulus and 501 proteins increased under the P. pinea stimulus. Functional analyses of the 22 proteins found increased in the P. pinaster stimulus showed that proteins with peptidase, hydrolase, and antioxidant activities were the most represented. On the other hand, gene ontology (GO) enrichment analysis of the 501 proteins increased under the P. pinea stimulus revealed an enrichment of proteins with binding activity. The differences detected in the secretomes highlighted the diverse responses from the nematode to overcome host defenses with different susceptibilities and provide new clues on the mechanism behind the pathogenicity of this plant-parasitic nematode. Proteomic data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD024011.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugo Silva
- University of Coimbra, Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Sandra I. Anjo
- CNC – Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Bruno Manadas
- CNC – Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Isabel Abrantes
- University of Coimbra, Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Luís Fonseca
- University of Coimbra, Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Joana M. S. Cardoso
- University of Coimbra, Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, Coimbra, Portugal
- *Correspondence: Joana M. S. Cardoso,
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Łopieńska-Biernat E, Stryiński R, Polak I, Pawlikowski B, Pawlak J, Podolska M. Effect of freezing on the metabolic status of L3 larvae of Anisakis simplex s. s. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2020; 82:104312. [PMID: 32247867 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2020.104312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Revised: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The fish-borne parasite, Anisakis simplex s. s., triggers a disease called anisakiasis, that is associated with a gastrointestinal infection. The Anisakis is also associated with allergic response which may lead to anaphylactic shock. The A. simplex s. s. L3 larvae may be freeze tolerant despite when the nematodes will be cooled rapidly to -20 °C according to the sanitary authorities of the USA and the EU. The aim of this work was to study the metabolic status of A. simplex s. s. L3 larvae when frozen in terms of viability, expression of genes involved in the nematodes' survival of freezing, as well content of carbohydrates which play a cryoprotective role in thermal stress and are the main source of energy. The levels of trehalose were significantly higher after slow freezing treatment (p < .0001), than the fast freezing (p < .002). The lower temperatures induce changes, especially in trehalose synthesis gene expression, genes responsible for oxidative metabolism, and chaperone proteins, but we cannot state clearly whether these changes occur during freezing, or because they are already prevalent during cold acclimation. The induction of mentioned genes seems to be a common trait of both cold- and dehydration tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elżbieta Łopieńska-Biernat
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 1A, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Robert Stryiński
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 1A, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Iwona Polak
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 1A, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Bogusław Pawlikowski
- Department of Fisheries Resources, National Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Kołłątaja 1, 81-332 Gdynia, Poland
| | - Joanna Pawlak
- Department of Fisheries Resources, National Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Kołłątaja 1, 81-332 Gdynia, Poland
| | - Magdalena Podolska
- Department of Fisheries Resources, National Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Kołłątaja 1, 81-332 Gdynia, Poland
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Li Y, Chen X, Wang SS, Pan BY, Wang SG, Wang S, Tang B. Evaluation of the Expression and Function of the TRE2-like and TRE2 Genes in Ecdysis of Harmonia axyridis. Front Physiol 2019; 10:1371. [PMID: 31736789 PMCID: PMC6839538 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.01371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Harmonia axyridis is an important predatory insect and widely used in biological control of agricultural and forestry pests. Trehalose is directly involved in the energy storage of the H. axyridis and in the oxidative function of various physiological activities thereby providing an energy source for its growth and development. The aim of this study was to explore the potential function of membrane-bound-like trehalase (TRE2-like) and membrane-bound trehalase (TRE2) genes in H. axyridis by RNAi. In addition, the activity of soluble and membrane-bound trehalase and the expression of genes related to trehalose and glycogen metabolism were determined in the larvae injected with dsTRE2-like or dsTRE2. The results showed that wing abnormality and mortality appeared in adults, as well as the activity of soluble trehalase and glycogen contents increased when interfering with TRE2-like gene. However, the activity of membrane-bound trehalase, trehalose and glucose contents in the larvae decreased. The expression of glycogen synthase (GS) and glycogen phosphorylase (GP) genes were decreased after RNAi in the ecdysis stage. The expression of chitin synthase gene A (CHSA), chitin synthase gene B (CHSB), and trehalose-6-phosphate synthase genes (TPS) were decreased significantly after RNAi, especially in the ecdysis stage. These results indicated that RNA interference is capable of knocking down gene expression of TRE2-like and TRE2, thereby disrupting trehalose metabolism which affects the chitin synthesis pathway in turn and also leads to developmental defects, such as wing deformities. This study could provide some theoretical guidance for the function of TRE2 gene in other insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xu Chen
- Institute of Plant and Environment Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Sha-Sha Wang
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bi-Ying Pan
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shi-Gui Wang
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Su Wang
- Institute of Plant and Environment Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Bin Tang
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
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Łopieńska-Biernat E, Paukszto Ł, Jastrzębski JP, Myszczyński K, Polak I, Stryiński R. Genome-wide analysis of Anisakis simplex sensu lato: the role of carbohydrate metabolism genes in the parasite's development. Int J Parasitol 2019; 49:933-943. [PMID: 31560928 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2019.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Revised: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Anisakis simplex sensu lato is a parasitic nematode which can cause gastric symptoms and/or allergic reactions in humans who consume raw and undercooked fish. Anisakiasis poses a growing health problem around the globe because it causes non-specific symptoms and is difficult to diagnose. This genome-wide study was undertaken to expand our knowledge of A. simplex s.l. at the molecular level and provide novel data for biological and biotechnological research into the analyzed species and related nematodes. A draft genome assembly of the L3 stage of A. simplex s.l. was analyzed in detail, and changes in the expression of carbohydrate metabolism genes during the parasite's life cycle were determined. To our knowledge, this is the first genome to be described for a parasitic nematode of the family Anisakidae to date. We identified genes involved in parasite-specific pathways, including carbohydrates metabolism, apoptosis and chemo signaling. A total of 7607 coding genes were predicted. The genome of A. simplex s.l. is highly similar to genomes of other parasitic nematodes. In particular, we described a valuable repository of genes encoding proteins of trehalose and glycogen metabolism, and we developed the most comprehensive data set relating to the conversion of both saccharides which play important roles during the parasite's life cycle in a host environment. We also confirmed that trehalose is synthesized at the expense of glycogen. Trehalose anabolism and glycogen catabolism were the predominant processes in stages L4 and L5, which could confirm our and other authors' previous reports that trehalose is synthesized at the expense of glycogen. The A. simplex s.l. genome provides essential data for post-genomic research into the biology of gastrointestinal and allergic anisakiasis in humans and the biology of other important parasitic helminths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elżbieta Łopieńska-Biernat
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 1A, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Łukasz Paukszto
- Department of Plant Physiology, Genetics and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 1A, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Jan Paweł Jastrzębski
- Department of Plant Physiology, Genetics and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 1A, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Kamil Myszczyński
- Department of Botany and Nature Protection, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Plac Łódzki 1, 10-727 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Iwona Polak
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 1A, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Robert Stryiński
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 1A, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland
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